Ciwon mara

Pericarditis wani yanayi ne wanda suturar jakar-jaka kamar kewayen zuciya (pericardium) ta zama mai kumbura.

Dalilin cutar pericarditis ba a san shi ba ko ba a tabbatar da shi ba a lokuta da yawa. Ya fi shafar maza masu shekaru 20 zuwa 50.

Pericarditis yawanci sakamakon kamuwa da cuta kamar:

• Cututtukan ƙwayoyin cuta waɗanda ke haifar da ciwon kirji ko ciwon huhu
• Kamuwa da cuta da ƙwayoyin cuta (ƙasa da na kowa)
• Wasu cututtukan fungal (rare)

Ana iya ganin yanayin tare da cututtuka kamar:

• Ciwon daji (ciki har da cutar sankarar bargo)
• Rikicin da tsarin rigakafi ke kaiwa ga ƙoshin lafiyar jiki bisa kuskure
• Cutar HIV da AIDS
• Underactive thyroid gland shine yake
• Rashin koda
• Ciwon zazzaɓi
• Tarin fuka (tarin fuka)

Sauran dalilai sun hada da:

• Ciwon zuciya
• Tiyatar zuciya ko rauni ga kirji, esophagus, ko zuciya
• Wasu magunguna, kamar su procainamide, hydralazine, phenytoin, isoniazid, da wasu magungunan da ake amfani dasu don magance cutar kansa ko danne tsarin garkuwar jiki
• Kumburi ko kumburin tsokar zuciya
• Radiation far zuwa kirji

Ciwon kirji kusan koyaushe yana nan. Zafi:

• Za a iya ji a cikin wuya, kafada, baya, ko ciki
• Sau da yawa yana ƙaruwa tare da zurfin numfashi da kwance kwance, kuma yana iya ƙaruwa tare da tari da haɗiye
• Na iya jin kaifi da soka
• Sau da yawa yakan sami kwanciyar hankali ta zaune da jingina ko lanƙwasa gaba

Kuna iya samun zazzaɓi, sanyi, ko gumi idan yanayin kamuwa da cuta ne.

Sauran cututtuka na iya haɗawa da:

• Gwiwar kafa, ƙafa, da kumburin kafa
• Tashin hankali
• Numfashin numfashi lokacin kwanciya
• Dry tari
• Gajiya

Lokacin sauraron zuciya tare da stethoscope, mai bada sabis na kiwon lafiya na iya jin sautin da ake kira rubutacciyar hanya. Sautunan zuciya na iya yin laushi ko nesa. Zai iya zama akwai wasu alamun alamun ruwa mai yawa a cikin jijiyoyin jikin mutum (na kwafar jijiyoyin jiki).

Idan rashin lafiyar ta yi tsanani, za a iya samun:

• Karkuwa a cikin huhu
• Rage sautin numfashi
• Sauran alamun ruwa a sararin da ke kusa da huhu

Za'a iya yin gwaje-gwajen hotunan masu zuwa don bincika zuciya da ƙyallen nama a kusa da ita (pericardium):

• MRIaukar hoton MRI
• Kirjin x-ray
• Echocardiogram
• Kayan lantarki
• MRI na zuciya ko CT scan
• Radionuclide scanning

Don neman lalacewar tsoka ta zuciya, mai bayarwa na iya yin odar troponin da na gwada. Sauran gwaje-gwajen gwaje-gwaje na iya haɗawa da:

• Antinuclear antibody (ANA)
• Al'adar jini
• CBC
• C-mai amsa furotin
• Erythrocyte sedimentation kudi (ESR)
• Gwajin HIV
• Rheumatoid factor
• Gwajin fata na tarin fuka

Yakamata a gano dalilin cutar pericarditis, idan zai yiwu.

Yawancin allurai na cututtukan cututtukan cututtukan ƙwayoyin cuta (NSAIDs) kamar su ibuprofen galibi ana ba su da wani magani da ake kira colchicine. Wadannan magunguna zasu rage maka zafi kuma su rage kumburi ko kumburi a cikin jakar kusa da zuciyar ka. Za a umarce ku da ku ɗauki su tsawon kwanaki zuwa makonni ko mafi tsayi a wasu yanayi.

Idan dalilin pericarditis kamuwa ne:

• Za a yi amfani da maganin rigakafi don cututtukan ƙwayoyin cuta
• Za a yi amfani da magungunan antifungal don funic pericarditis

Sauran magunguna da za'a iya amfani dasu sune:

• Corticosteroids kamar prednisone (a cikin wasu mutane)
• "Magungunan ruwa" (diuretics) don cire ruwa mai yawa

Idan haɓakar ruwa yana sa zuciya aiki mara kyau, magani na iya haɗawa da:

• Fitar da ruwa daga cikin jakar. Wannan aikin, wanda ake kira pericardiocentesis, ana iya yin shi ta amfani da allura, wanda duburaren dan tayi (echocardiography) ke jagoranta a mafi yawan lokuta.
• Yankan karamin rami (taga) a cikin mahaifa (subxiphoid pericardiotomy) don barin ruwan da ke dauke da cutar ya malala cikin kogon ciki. Ana yin wannan ta hanyar likita mai fiɗa.

Za a iya buƙatar yin aikin tiyata da ake kira pericardiectomy idan cutar sankararru ta daɗe, ta dawo bayan jiyya, ko kuma ta haifar da tabo ko matse nama a zuciya. Aikin ya shafi yankan ko cire wani ɓangare na pericardium.

Pericarditis na iya kasancewa daga rashin lafiya mai sauƙi wanda ke samun sauƙi da kansa, zuwa yanayin barazanar rai. Ruwa mai gudana a kusa da zuciya da mummunan aiki na zuciya na iya rikitar da cutar.

Sakamakon yana da kyau idan anyi maganin pericarditis yanzunnan. Yawancin mutane suna murmurewa cikin makonni 2 zuwa watanni 3. Koyaya, cutar pericarditis na iya dawowa. Ana kiran wannan maimaitawa, ko na ci gaba, idan bayyanar cututtuka ko al'amuran suka ci gaba.

Arunƙwasawa da kaurin suturar jakar kamar jakar da jijiyoyin zuciya na iya faruwa lokacin da matsalar ta yi tsanani. Wannan shi ake kira constrictive pericarditis. Zai iya haifar da matsaloli na dogon lokaci kwatankwacin waɗanda ke damun zuciya.

Kirawo mai bayarwa idan kana da alamomin cutar sankarau. Wannan rikicewar ba barazanar rayuwa bace mafi yawan lokuta. Koyaya, yana iya zama mai haɗari sosai idan ba a magance shi ba.

Yawancin lamura ba za a iya hana su ba.

• Harshen
• Ciwon mara

Chabrando JG, Bonaventura A, Vecchie A, et al. Gudanar da cututtukan pericarditis mai saurin gaske da maimaitawa: Binciken Nazarin Stateasa na JACC. J Am Coll Cardiol. 2020; 75 (1): 76-92. PMID: 31918837 pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/31918837/.

Knowlton KU, Savoia MC, Oxman MN. Myocarditis da pericarditis. A cikin: Bennett JE, Dolin R, Blaser MJ, eds. Mandell, Douglas, da Ka'idojin Bennett da Aiwatar da Cututtukan Cutar. 9th ed. Philadelphia, PA: Elsevier; 2020: babi na 80.

LeWinter MM, Imazio M. Cutar cututtuka. A cikin: Zipes DP, Libby P, Bonow RO, Mann DL, Tomaselli GF, Braunwald E, eds. Braunwald na Ciwon Zuciya: Littafin rubutu na Magungunan zuciya da jijiyoyin jini. 11th ed. Philadelphia, PA: Elsevier; 2019: babi na 83.