Shigellosis

Shigellosis cuta ce ta kwayar cuta ta rufin hanji. Hakan ya samo asali ne daga wasu gungun kwayoyin cuta da ake kira shigella.

Akwai nau'ikan kwayoyin shigella, ciki har da:

• Shigella sonnei, wanda ake kira "rukuni D" shigella, shine ke da alhakin yawancin shari'ar shigellosis a cikin Amurka.
• Shigella flexneri, ko "rukuni B" shigella, yana haifar da kusan duk wasu al'amuran.
• Shigella dysenteriae, ko "rukuni A" shigella ba safai a Amurka ba. Koyaya, hakan na iya haifar da mummunan ɓarkewar cuta a cikin ƙasashe masu tasowa.

Mutanen da suka kamu da kwayoyin cutar sun sake shi a cikin shimfidar su. Suna iya yada kwayoyin cutar zuwa ruwa ko abinci, ko kuma kai tsaye ga wani mutum. Samun dan kadan daga cikin kwayoyin shigella a cikin bakinka ya isa ya haifar da kamuwa da cuta.

Barkewar shigellosis yana da nasaba da rashin tsabta, gurbataccen abinci da ruwa, da kuma yanayin rayuwa mai cike da jama'a.

Shigellosis sananne ne tsakanin matafiya a ƙasashe masu tasowa da ma'aikata ko mazauna sansanonin 'yan gudun hijira.

A Amurka, galibi ana ganin yanayin a cibiyoyin kulawa da yara da wuraren da gungun mutane suke rayuwa, kamar gidajen kula da tsofaffi.

Kwayar cututtukan sukan ci gaba kusan kwana 1 zuwa 7 (matsakaici kwanaki 3) bayan sun haɗu da ƙwayoyin cuta.

Kwayar cutar sun hada da:

• Mutu (kwatsam) ciwon ciki ko naƙura
• Zazzabi mai zafi
• Jini, gamsai, ko kumburin ciki
• Ciwon mara na dubura
• Tashin zuciya da amai
• Ruwa mai ruwa da jini

Idan kana da alamun shigellosis, mai ba da lafiyarka zai bincika:

• Rashin ruwa (ba isasshen ruwa a jikinka) tare da saurin bugun zuciya da ƙaran jini
• Tausayin ciki
• Vatedaukaka matakan farin ƙwayoyin jini a cikin jini
• Al'adar mara da hankali don bincika fararen ƙwayoyin jini

Manufar magani ita ce maye gurbin ruwaye da wutan lantarki (gishiri da ma'adanai) da suka lalace cikin gudawa.

Magungunan da ke dakatar da gudawa galibi ba a ba su saboda suna iya sa kamuwa da cutar ta daɗe ta tafi.

Matakan kula da kai don kaucewa rashin ruwa a jiki sun haɗa da shan maganin wutan lantarki don maye gurbin ruwan da ke gudawa. Akwai nau'ikan hanyoyin magance wutan lantarki a kan-kanti (ba tare da takardar sayan magani ba).

Magungunan rigakafi na iya taimakawa rage tsawon cutar. Hakanan waɗannan magunguna suna taimakawa hana cutar ta yaɗuwa zuwa wasu a cikin ƙungiyar ƙungiya ko saitunan rana. Hakanan za'a iya wajabta su ga mutanen da ke fama da mummunan cututtuka.

Idan ka kamu da gudawa kuma ba za ka iya shan ruwa ta bakinka saboda tsananin tashin zuciya, kana iya buƙatar kulawar likita da ruwan ciki (IV). Wannan ya fi faruwa ga yara ƙanana waɗanda ke da shigellosis.

Mutanen da ke shan diuretics ("kwayoyi na ruwa") na iya buƙatar dakatar da shan waɗannan magunguna idan suna da saurin shigella enteritis. Kada ka daina shan kowane magani ba tare da fara magana da mai ba ka ba.

Kamuwa da cuta na iya zama mai sauƙi kuma ya tafi da kansa. Yawancin mutane, banda yara masu fama da yunwa da waɗanda ke da raunin garkuwar jiki, yawanci suna murmurewa sosai.

Matsaloli na iya haɗawa da:

• Rashin ruwa, mai tsanani
• Ciwon Hemolytic-uremic syndrome (HUS), wani nau'i ne na gazawar koda tare da karancin jini da matsalolin ciwan jini
• Magungunan arthritis

Kimanin yara 1 cikin 10 (ƙasa da shekaru 15) masu fama da cutar shigella enteritis suna fuskantar matsalolin tsarin juyayi. Waɗannan na iya haɗawa da kamuwa da cututtukan zazzaɓi (wanda kuma ake kira "fitinar zazzaɓi") lokacin da zafin jiki ya tashi da sauri kuma yaron ya kamu. Ciwon ƙwaƙwalwa (ƙwaƙwalwar ƙwaƙwalwa) tare da ciwon kai, kasala, rikicewa, da wuya mai wuya kuma na iya haɓaka.

Kira wa mai ba ka sabis idan gudawa ba ta inganta ba, idan akwai jini a cikin kujerun, ko kuma akwai alamun rashin ruwa a jiki.

Je zuwa dakin gaggawa idan waɗannan alamun sun faru a cikin mutum mai shigellosis:

• Rikicewa
• Ciwon kai tare da m wuya
• Rashin nutsuwa
• Kamawa

Wadannan cututtukan sun fi yawa ga yara.

Rigakafin ya hada da sarrafawa yadda ya kamata, adanawa, da shirya abinci, da kuma tsaftar jiki. Wanke hannu shine hanya mafi inganci don hana shigellosis. Guji abinci da ruwa wanda zai iya gurɓata.

Shigella gastroenteritis; Shigella enteritis; Shigar ciki - shigella; Gastroenteritis - shigella; Zawo na matafiyi - shigellosis

• Tsarin narkewa
• Gabobin tsarin narkewar abinci
• Kwayar cuta

Melia JMP, Sears CL. Cutar da ke saurin yaduwa da kuma cutar ta proctocolitis. A cikin: Feldman M, Friedman LS, Brandt LJ, eds. Sleisenger da Cututtukan Cutar hanta da na Fordtran. 11th ed. Philadelphia, PA: Elsevier; 2021: babi 110.

Keusch GT, Zaidi AKM. Shigellosis. A cikin: Goldman L, Schafer AI, eds. Magungunan Goldman-Cecil. 26th ed. Philadelphia, PA: Elsevier; 2020: babi na 293.

Kotloff KL. M gastroenteritis a cikin yara. A cikin: Kliegman RM, St. Geme JW, Blum NJ, Shah SS, Tasker RC, Wilson KM, eds. Nelson Littafin koyar da ilimin yara. 21st ed. Philadelphia, PA: Elsevier; 2020: babi na 366.

Kotloff KL, Riddle MS, Platts-Mills JA, Pavlinac P, Zaidi AKM. Shigellosis. Lancet. 2018; 391 (10122): 801-812. PMID: 29254859 pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/29254859/.