Prolactinoma

Cutar prolactinoma wani ciwo ne mara kyau (mara kyau) wanda ke samar da hormone da ake kira prolactin. Wannan yana haifar da prolactin da yawa a cikin jini.

Prolactin wani sinadari ne wanda yake jawo kirji dan samarda madara (lactation).

Prolactinoma shine mafi yawan nau'in cututtukan pituitary (adenoma) wanda ke samar da hormone. Ya zama kusan 30% na duk adenomas na pituitary. Kusan dukkanin cututtukan pituitary basu da matsala (marasa kyau). Prolactinoma na iya faruwa a matsayin wani ɓangare na yanayin gado wanda ake kira nau'in endoprin neoplasia nau'in 1 (MEN 1).

Prolactinomas na faruwa ne galibi ga mutanen da shekarunsu ba su kai 40 ba.

Akalla rabin dukkan prolactinomas ba su da yawa (ƙasa da centimita 1 ko 3/8 na inci a diamita). Wadannan ƙananan cututtukan suna faruwa sau da yawa a cikin mata kuma ana kiran su microprolactinomas.

Manyan kumburi sunfi kowa a maza. Suna yawan faruwa yayin tsufa. Ciwan zai iya girma zuwa babban girma kafin bayyanar cututtuka ta bayyana. Tumurai da suka fi girman inci 3/8 (1 cm) a diamita ana kiransu macroprolactinomas.

Yawancin lokaci ana gano kumburin a matakin farko na mata fiye da na maza saboda lokacin al'ada ba daidai ba.

A cikin mata:

• Ruwan nono mara kyau daga nono a cikin macen da ba ta da ciki ko kulawa (galactorrhea)
• Taushin nono
• Rage sha'awar sha'awa
• Rage hangen nesa na gefe
• Ciwon kai
• Rashin haihuwa
• Tsaida jinin haila wanda baida nasaba da jinin al'ada, ko jinin al'ada
• Gani ya canza

A cikin maza:

• Rage sha'awar sha'awa
• Rage hangen nesa na gefe
• Ofara girman ƙwayar nono (gynecomastia)
• Ciwon kai
• Matsalar haɓaka (rashin ƙarfi)
• Rashin haihuwa
• Gani ya canza

Kwayar cutar da ke haifar da matsin lamba daga babban ƙari na iya haɗawa da:

• Ciwon kai
• Rashin nutsuwa
• Hancin magudanar hanci
• Tashin zuciya da amai
• Matsaloli tare da jin warin
• Sinus zafi ko matsa lamba
• Canje-canje na hangen nesa, kamar hangen nesa biyu, fatar ido da faduwa ko asarar filin gani

Zai yiwu babu alamun bayyanar, musamman ga maza.

Mai ba da sabis na kiwon lafiya zai yi gwajin jiki kuma ya yi tambaya game da alamunku. Za a kuma tambaye ku game da magunguna da abubuwan da kuke sha.

Gwajin da za'a iya yin oda sun hada da:

• Pituitary MRI ko kwakwalwa CT scan
• Matakan testosterone a cikin maza
• Matakan Prolactin
• Gwajin aikin thyroid
• Sauran gwaje-gwajen na aikin pituitary

Magunguna galibi suna samun nasara wajen magance prolactinoma. Wasu mutane dole su sha waɗannan magunguna don rayuwa. Sauran mutane na iya dakatar da shan magunguna bayan fewan shekaru, musamman idan ƙarirsu karama ce lokacin da aka gano ta ko kuma ta ɓace daga MRI. Amma akwai haɗari cewa ƙari zai iya girma kuma ya sake samar da prolactin, musamman ma idan babban ƙari ne.

Babban prolactinoma na iya zama wani lokacin girma yayin wani lokacin ciki.

Za a iya yin aikin tiyata don kowane ɗayan masu zuwa:

• Kwayar cututtukan suna da tsanani, kamar ɓarkewar hangen nesa
• Ba za ku iya jure wa magunguna don magance kumburin ba
• Ciwan baya amsa ga magunguna

Radiation yawanci ana amfani dashi ne kawai ga mutanen da ke da prolactinoma wanda ke ci gaba da girma ko kuma ya ƙara muni bayan an gwada magunguna da tiyata. Za'a iya ba da radiation ta hanyar:

• Radiyon al'ada
• Gamma wuka (stereotactic radiosurgery) - wani nau'i ne na maganin fure-fure wanda yake mai da hankali akan x rayukan x-ray mai ƙarfi akan ƙananan yanki a cikin kwakwalwa.

Hangen nesa yawanci kyakkyawa ne, amma ya dogara da nasarar magani ko tiyata. Yin gwaji don bincika ko kumburin ya dawo bayan jiyya na da mahimmanci.

Jiyya don prolactinoma na iya canza matakan sauran kwayoyin hormones a cikin jiki, musamman idan ana yin tiyata ko radiation.

Babban matakan estrogen ko testosterone na iya kasancewa cikin haɓakar prolactinoma. Mata masu cutar prolactinomas ya kamata a bi a hankali yayin daukar ciki. Yakamata su tattauna wannan ciwon tare da mai samar dasu kafin shan kwayoyin hana haihuwa tare da abun da ke cikin estrogen sama da yadda ya saba.

Duba likitan ku idan kuna da alamun bayyanar prolactinoma.

Idan kuna da cutar prolactinoma a baya, kira mai ba ku don kulawa ta gaba ɗaya, ko kuma idan alamunku sun dawo.

Adenoma - ɓoyewa; Prolactin - asirin adenoma na pituitary

• Endocrine gland

Bronstein MD. Rashin lafiya na kwayar cutar prolactin da prolactinomas. A cikin: Jameson JL, De Groot LJ, de Kretser DM, et al, eds. Endocrinology: Manya da Yara. 7th ed. Philadelphia, PA: Elsevier Saunders; 2016: sura 7.

Tirosh A, Shimon I. Hanyar yau da kullun don jiyya don prolactinomas. Minerva Endocrinol. 2016; 41 (3): 316-323. PMID: 26399371 www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/26399371.