Hypercalcemia

Hypercalcemia yana nufin kuna da alli da yawa a cikin jinin ku.

Parathyroid hormone (PTH) da Vitamin D suna taimakawa wajen sarrafa daidaiton alli a cikin jiki.

• PTH ana yin sa ne ta gland parathyroid. Waɗannan ƙananan ƙananan ƙwayoyin cuta ne waɗanda ke cikin wuyan bayan glandar thyroid.
• Ana samun Vitamin D a yayin da fatar take fuskantar hasken rana, kuma daga tushen abinci ko kari.

Babban sanadin babban matakin jini shine wuce haddi PTH wanda aka fito da shi daga gland. Wannan wuce haddi yana faruwa ne saboda:

• Fadada daya ko fiye na glandon parathyroid.
• Girma akan ɗayan gland. Yawancin lokaci, waɗannan ci gaban suna da kyau (ba ciwon daji ba).

Hakanan ƙwayar Calcium na iya zama mai girma idan jikinka ƙasa da ruwa ko ruwa.

Sauran yanayi na iya haifar da hypercalcemia:

• Wasu nau'ikan cutar kansa, kamar su huhu da sankarar mama, ko kansar da ta bazu cikin sassan jikinka.
• Yawan bitamin D a cikin jininka (hypervitaminosis D).
• Kasancewa mara motsi a cikin gado tsawon kwanaki ko sati (yawancin yara).
• Yawancin alli a cikin abincinku. Wannan shi ake kira madara-alkali ciwo. Mafi yawan lokuta yakan faru ne yayin da mutum yake shan fiye da milligram 2000 na sinadarin calcium bicarbonate a rana tare da babban ƙwayoyin Vitamin D.
• Ciwan glandar thyroid.
• Ciwon koda koda yaushe ko gazawar koda.
• Magunguna kamar su lithium da thiazide diuretics (kwayoyi na ruwa).
• Wasu cututtuka ko matsalolin lafiya kamar su, cutar Paget, tarin fuka da sarcoidosis.
• Yanayin gado wanda yake shafar ikon jiki don sarrafa alli.

Maza da mata na kowane zamani na iya samun matakin ƙwayar alli. Koyaya, anfi samun hakan ga mata sama da shekaru 50 (bayan gama al'ada). A mafi yawan lokuta, wannan yana faruwa ne saboda yawan gland na parathyroid.

Yawancin lokaci ana gano yanayin a matakin farko ta amfani da gwajin jini na yau da kullun. Yawancin mutane ba su da alamun bayyanar.

Kwayar cututtukan saboda yawan sinadarin calcium suna iya bambanta, ya danganta da dalilin da kuma tsawon lokacin da matsalar ta kasance. Suna iya haɗawa da:

• Alamomin narkewar abinci, kamar su jiri, amai, rashin cin abinci, ko maƙarƙashiya
• Thirstara yawan ƙishirwa ko yawan fitsari, saboda canje-canje a koda
• Weaknessarfin ƙwayoyi ko ƙwanƙwasawa
• Canje-canje kan yadda kwakwalwarka take aiki, kamar jin kasala ko kasala ko rikicewa
• Ciwon ƙashi da ƙasusuwa masu saurin lalacewa

Ana buƙatar cikakken ganewar asali a cikin hypercalcemia. Mutanen da ke da duwatsun koda ya kamata su yi gwaje-gwaje don kimanta cutar hypercalcemia.

• Maganin alli
• Maganin PTH
• Maganin PTHrP (furotin mai alaƙa da PTH)
• Maganin bitamin D
• Fitsarin cikin fitsari

Ana amfani da jiyya don dalilin cutar hypercalcemia duk lokacin da zai yiwu. Mutanen da ke da hyperparathyroidism na farko (PHPT) na iya buƙatar tiyata don cire glandon ƙwayar parathyroid mara kyau. Wannan zai warkar da cutar sanyin jiki.

Mutanen da ke da ƙananan hypercalcemia na iya iya lura da yanayin sosai cikin lokaci ba tare da magani ba.

A cikin matan da suke cikin jinin al'ada, magani tare da estrogen na iya wani lokacin ya sauya matsakaicin matsin lamba.

Ciwon hypercalcemia mai tsanani wanda ke haifar da alamomin kuma yana buƙatar zaman asibiti ana iya bi dashi tare da masu zuwa:

• Ruwaye-shaye a cikin jijiya - Wannan shine mafi mahimmancin magani.
• Calcitonin.
• Dialysis, idan lalacewar koda yana da hannu.
• Maganin diuretic, kamar furosemide.
• Magungunan da ke dakatar da fashewar kashi da sha ta jiki (bisphosphonates).
• Glucocorticoids (steroids).

Yaya za ku iya yi ya dogara da dalilin babban ƙwayar ku. Hangen nesa yana da kyau ga mutanen da ke da ƙananan hyperparathyroidism ko hypercalcemia waɗanda ke da sanadin magani. Yawancin lokaci, babu rikitarwa.

Mutanen da ke da cutar hypercalcemia saboda yanayi kamar ciwon daji ko sarcoidosis na iya yin kyau. Wannan shi ne mafi yawancin lokuta saboda cutar kanta, maimakon yawan matakin alli.

GASTROINTESTINAL

• Pancreatitis
• Ciwon miki

KODA

• Calcium yana ajiye a cikin koda (nephrocalcinosis) wanda ke haifar da rashin aikin koda
• Rashin ruwa
• Hawan jini
• Rashin koda
• Dutse na koda

Ilimin halin dan Adam

• Bacin rai
• Matsalar maida hankali ko tunani

GASKIYA

• Cusoshin ƙashi
• Karaya
• Osteoporosis

Wadannan rikitarwa na hypercalcemia na dogon lokaci ba abune da yawa a yau a ƙasashe da yawa.

Tuntuɓi mai ba da kiwon lafiya idan kana da:

• Tarihin iyali na hypercalcemia
• Tarihin iyali na hyperparathyroidism
• Kwayar cututtukan hypercalcemia

Ba za a iya hana yawancin abubuwan da ke haifar da cutar hypercalcemia ba. Mata sama da shekaru 50 ya kamata su ga mai ba da su a kai a kai kuma a duba matakin alli na jinansu idan suna da alamun cutar hypercalcemia.

Yi magana da mai baka game da madaidaicin kashi idan kana shan sinadarin calcium da bitamin D.

Calcium - daukaka; Babban matakin alli; Hyperparathyroidism - hypercalcemia

• Hypercalcemia - fitarwa

• Endocrine gland

Aronson JK. Analogues na Vitamin D. A cikin: Aronson JK, ed. Hanyoyin Meyler na Magunguna. 16th ed. Waltham, MA: Elsevier BV ;; 2016: 487-487.

Coleman RE, Brown J, Holen I. oneasassun ƙasusuwa. A cikin: Niederhuber JE, Armitage JO, Kastan MB, Doroshow JH, Tepper JE, eds. Abeloff na Clinical Oncology. Na 6 ed. Philadelphia, PA: Elsevier; 2020: babi na 56.

Darr EA, Sritharan N, Pellitteri PK, Sofferman RA, Randolph GW. Gudanar da cututtukan parathyroid. A cikin: Flint PW, Haughey BH, Lund V, et al, eds. Cummings Otolaryngology: Ciwon kai da wuya. Na 6 ed. Philadelphia, PA: Elsevier Saunders; 2015: babi na 124.

Thakker RV. Kwayoyin parathyroid, hypercalcemia, da hypocalcemia. A cikin: Goldman L, Schafer AI, eds. Magungunan Goldman-Cecil. 26th ed. Philadelphia, PA: Elsevier; 2020: babi na 232.