Ciwon koda na kullum

Ciwon koda na yau da kullun shine jinkirin asarar aikin koda cikin lokaci. Babban aikin koda shine cire shara da yawan ruwa daga jiki.

Ciwon koda na kullum (CKD) sannu a hankali yana ƙara muni cikin watanni ko shekaru. Kila ba ku lura da alamun bayyanar ba na wani lokaci. Rashin aiki na iya zama da jinkiri don haka ba ka da alamomi har sai ƙodarka ta kusan daina aiki.

Mataki na ƙarshe na CKD ana kiransa ƙarshen ƙwayar cuta (ESRD). A wannan matakin, koda ba ta da ikon cire isasshen ɓarnar ruwa da yawan ruwa daga jiki. A wannan lokacin, kuna buƙatar wankin koda ko dashen koda.

Ciwon sukari da hawan jini sune sanadin 2 da suka fi yawan gaske kuma suna da lissafi ga mafi yawan lokuta.

Yawancin cututtuka da yanayi da yawa na iya lalata kodan, gami da:

• Rashin lafiyar jiki (kamar su lupus erythematosus da scleroderma)
• Laifin haihuwa na kodan (kamar cutar koda polycystic)
• Wasu sunadarai masu guba
• Rauni ga koda
• Dutse na koda da kamuwa da cuta
• Matsaloli tare da jijiyoyin ciyar da koda
• Wasu magunguna, kamar ciwo da magungunan daji
• Fitsarin baya zuwa cikin kodan (reflux nephropathy)

CKD yana haifar da tarin ruwa da kayayyakin sharar jiki. Wannan yanayin yana shafar yawancin tsarin jiki da ayyuka, gami da:

• Hawan jini
• Countarancin ƙwayoyin jini
• Vitamin D da lafiyar kashi

Alamomin farko na CKD sunyi daidai da sauran cututtuka da yawa. Wadannan alamun na iya zama alamar kawai ta matsala a matakan farko.

Kwayar cutar na iya haɗawa da:

• Rashin cin abinci
• Jin ciwo da gajiya na gaba ɗaya
• Ciwon kai
• Itching (pruritus) da bushewar fata
• Ciwan
• Rage nauyi ba tare da kokarin rage kiba ba

Kwayar cututtukan da ka iya faruwa yayin da aikin koda ya kara tsananta sun hada da:

• Baƙin duhu ko fata mara kyau
• Ciwon ƙashi
• Dwowa ko matsalolin tattara hankali ko tunani
• Nutji ko kumburi a hannu da ƙafa
• Arƙwarar tsoka ko raɗaɗi
• Warin numfashi
• Barami mai sauƙi, ko jini a cikin kujerun
• Thirstishirwa mai yawa
• Yawan hutun lokaci
• Matsaloli tare da aikin jima'i
• Lokacin jinin haila ya tsaya (amenorrhea)
• Rashin numfashi
• Matsalar bacci
• Amai

Yawancin mutane za su sami cutar hawan jini a duk matakan CKD. Yayin jarabawa, mai ba da kula da lafiyar ku na iya jin motsin zuciya ko huhu mara kyau a kirjin ku. Kuna iya samun alamun lalacewar jijiya yayin gwajin tsarin juyayi.

Nazarin fitsari na iya nuna furotin ko wasu canje-canje a cikin fitsarin. Wadannan canje-canjen na iya bayyana watanni 6 zuwa 10 ko fiye kafin bayyanar cututtuka ta bayyana.

Gwajin da ke duba yadda kodan ke aiki sun hada da:

• Yarda da halittar
• Matakan halittar
• Nitrogen na jini (BUN)

CKD yana canza sakamakon wasu gwaje-gwaje da yawa. Kuna buƙatar yin gwaje-gwaje masu zuwa sau da yawa kamar kowane watanni 2 zuwa 3 lokacin da cutar koda ta ƙara tsananta:

• Albumin
• Alli
• Cholesterol
• Kammala ƙididdigar jini (CBC)
• Wutan lantarki
• Magnesium
• Phosphorous
• Potassium
• Sodium

Sauran gwaje-gwajen da za'a yi don neman dalilin ko nau'in cututtukan koda sun haɗa da:

• CT scan na ciki
• MRI na ciki
• Duban dan tayi
• Koda biopsy
• Binciken koda
• Koda duban dan tayi

Wannan cutar na iya canza sakamakon gwajin da ke gaba:

• Erythropoietin
• Parathyroid hormone (PTH)
• Gwajin ƙashi
• Matakan Vitamin D

Kula da hawan jini zai rage saurin lalacewar koda.

• Ana amfani da masu hana magungunan angiotensin (ACE) masu hanawa ko kuma masu hana karɓar baƙar fata (ARBs) galibi.
• Manufar shine a kiyaye hawan jini a ko a ƙasa 130/80 mm Hg.

Yin canje-canje na rayuwa na iya taimakawa kare kodan, da hana cututtukan zuciya da shanyewar jiki, kamar su:

• KADA KA shan taba.
• Ku ci abinci wanda ke da ƙananan mai da cholesterol.
• Motsa jiki a kai a kai (yi magana da likitanka ko nas kafin fara motsa jiki).
• Drugsauki ƙwayoyi don rage cholesterol ɗin ku, idan an buƙata.
• Kiyaye yawan jinin jikinka.
• Guji cin gishiri da yawa ko potassium.

Koyaushe yi magana da gwani na koda kafin shan kowane magani kan-kanti. Wannan ya hada da bitamin, ganye da kari. Tabbatar cewa duk masu samarda da ka ziyarta sun san kana da CKD. Sauran jiyya na iya haɗawa da:

• Magunguna da ake kira masu ɗaurewar phosphate, don taimakawa hana haɓakar haɓakar phosphorous
• Ironarin baƙin ƙarfe a cikin abinci, ƙwayoyin baƙin ƙarfe, baƙin ƙarfe da ake bayarwa ta jijiya (baƙin ƙarfe na ƙarfe) ɗauka na musamman na wani magani da ake kira erythropoietin, da ƙarin jini don magance cutar rashin jini
• Calciumarin alli da bitamin D (koyaushe ku yi magana da mai ba ku sabis kafin ɗauka)

Mai ba ku sabis na iya sa ku bi abinci na musamman don CKD.

• Iyakance ruwan sha
• Cin ƙananan furotin
• Untata phosphorous da sauran wutan lantarki
• Samun isasshen adadin kuzari don hana ragin nauyi

Duk mutanen da ke da CKD ya kamata su kasance na yau da kullun kan waɗannan rigakafin masu zuwa:

• Allurar cutar hepatitis A
• Cutar rigakafin hepatitis B
• Alurar rigakafin mura
• Alurar rigakafin ciwon huhu (PPV)

Wasu mutane suna amfanuwa da shiga cikin ƙungiyar tallafawa cututtukan koda.

Mutane da yawa ba a bincikar su da CKD har sai sun rasa yawancin aikin koda.

Babu magani ga CKD. Idan ya ta'azzara ga ESRD, kuma yaya da sauri, ya dogara da:

• Dalilin lalacewar koda
• Yadda kake kula da kanka da kyau

Rashin koda shine matakin ƙarshe na CKD. Wannan shine lokacin da kodanku ba zasu iya tallafawa bukatun jikinmu ba.

Mai ba ku sabis zai tattauna tare da ku kafin ku buƙace shi. Dialysis yana cire ɓarnar da ke cikin jininka lokacin da ƙododanka ba za su iya yin aikinsu ba.

A mafi yawan lokuta, za ka je wankin koda idan kashi 10 zuwa 15% na aikin kodar ka suka rage.

Koda mutanen da ke jiran dashen koda na iya buƙatar wankin koda yayin jiran.

Matsaloli na iya haɗawa da:

• Anemia
• Zuban jini daga ciki ko hanji
• Kashi, haɗin gwiwa, da ciwon tsoka
• Canje-canje a cikin sukarin jini
• Lalacewa ga jijiyoyin kafafu da hannaye (na jijiyoyin jiki)
• Rashin hankali
• Girman ruwa a kewayen huhu (kwayar halitta)
• Rikici na zuciya da jini
• Babban matakan phosphorous
• Babban matakan potassium
• Hyperparathyroidism
• Riskarin haɗarin kamuwa da cuta
• Lalacewar hanta ko gazawa
• Rashin abinci mai gina jiki
• Rashin kuskure da rashin haihuwa
• Kamawa
• Kumbura (edema)
• Raguwa da kasusuwa da kuma kasadar kasusuwa

Kula da yanayin da ke haifar da matsalar na iya taimakawa hana ko jinkirta CKD. Mutanen da ke da ciwon sukari ya kamata su kula da sukarin jini da matakan jini kuma kada su sha sigari.

Rashin koda - na kullum; Renal gazawar - na kullum; Rashin ƙarancin koda; Ciwon koda; Rashin ciwan koda

• Ciwon jikin koda
• Koda - jini da fitsari suna gudana
• Glomerulus da nephron

Christov M, Sprague SM. Ciwon koda na kullum - cutawar ƙashi na ma'adinai. A cikin: Yu ASL, Chertow GM, Luyckx VA, Marsden PA, Skorecki K, Taal MW, eds. Brenner da Rector na Koda. 11th ed. Philadelphia, PA: Elsevier; 2020: babi na 53.

Grams NI, McDonald SP. Epidemiology na cututtukan koda da dialysis. A cikin: Feehally J, Floege J, Tonelli M, Johnson RJ, eds. M Clinical Nephrology. Na 6 ed. Philadelphia, PA: Elsevier; 2019: babi na 77.

Taal MW. Rarrabawa da gudanar da cutar koda mai tsanani. A cikin: Yu ASL, Chertow GM, Luyckx VA, Marsden PA, Skorecki K, Taal MW, eds. Brenner da Rector na Koda. 11th ed. Philadelphia, PA: Elsevier; 2020: babi na 59.