Ciwon Nephrotic

Ciwon Nephrotic wani rukuni ne na alamomin da suka haɗa da furotin a cikin fitsari, ƙarancin sunadarin jini a cikin jini, hauhawar matakan cholesterol, matakan triglyceride, ƙara haɗarin daskarewar jini, da kumburi.

Ciwon Nephrotic yana haifar da rikice-rikice daban-daban waɗanda ke lalata kodan. Wannan lalacewar yana haifar da sakin furotin mai yawa a cikin fitsari.

Dalilin da ya fi dacewa a cikin yara shine ƙananan cutar canji. Membranous glomerulonephritis shine sanadin kowa ga manya. A cikin cututtukan biyu, glomeruli a cikin kodan sun lalace. Glomeruli sune tsarin da ke taimakawa wajen tace ɓarnar ruwa da ruwa.

Hakanan wannan yanayin na iya faruwa daga:

• Ciwon daji
• Cututtuka irin su ciwon sukari, lupus erythematosus na tsarin, myeloma da yawa, da amyloidosis
• Kwayar cuta
• Rikicin rigakafi
• Cututtuka (kamar su kumburin hanji, ciwon hanta, ko mononucleosis)
• Amfani da wasu ƙwayoyi

Zai iya faruwa tare da cututtukan koda kamar:

• Tashin hankali da sashin jiki na glomerulosclerosis
• Glomerulonephritis
• Mesangiocapillary glomerulonephritis

Ciwon ƙuruciya na iya shafar kowane rukuni na shekaru. A cikin yara, ya fi dacewa tsakanin shekaru 2 zuwa 6. Wannan rikicewar yana faruwa sau da yawa fiye da maza fiye da mata.

Kumburi (edema) shine mafi yawan alamun bayyanar. Yana iya faruwa:

• A fuska da kewaye idanu (kumburin fuska)
• A cikin hannaye da kafafu, musamman a ƙafa da ƙafafun kafa
• A cikin yankin ciki (kumburin ciki)

Sauran cututtukan sun hada da:

• Fuskar fata ko ciwo
• Fitowar fitsari mai kumfa
• Rashin cin abinci
• Rage nauyi (ba da niyya ba) daga riƙewar ruwa
• Kamawa

Mai ba da sabis na kiwon lafiya zai yi gwajin jiki. Za a yi gwaje-gwajen dakin gwaje-gwaje don ganin yadda kodan ke aiki sosai. Sun hada da:

• Gwajin jini na Albumin
• Gwajin sunadarai na jini, kamar su rukunin rayuwa na yau da kullun ko cikakken tsarin rayuwa
• Nitrogen na jini (BUN)
• Creatinine - gwajin jini
• Creatinine yarda - fitsari gwajin
• Fitsari

Fats galibi ma suna cikin fitsari. Matakan cholesterol na jini da triglyceride na iya zama masu girma.

Ana iya buƙatar tantance kwayar koda don gano dalilin rashin lafiyar.

Gwaje-gwaje don kawar da dalilai daban-daban na iya haɗa da masu zuwa:

• Antinuclear antibody
• Cryoglobulins
• Levelsara matakan
• Gwajin haƙuri na Glucose
• Kwayar Hepatitis B da C
• Gwajin HIV
• Rheumatoid factor
• Maganin sinadarin protein electrophoresis (SPEP)
• Syphilis serology
• Furotin furotin electrophoresis (UPEP)

Wannan cutar na iya canza sakamakon gwajin da ke gaba:

• Matakan Vitamin D
• Maganin ƙarfe
• Fitsarin Urinary

Makasudin magani shine don taimakawa bayyanar cututtuka, hana rikitarwa, da jinkirta lalacewar koda. Don sarrafa cututtukan nephrotic, dole ne a magance rashin lafiyar da ke haifar da ita. Kuna iya buƙatar magani don rayuwa.

Jiyya na iya haɗawa da ɗayan masu zuwa:

• Kula da hawan jini a ko a kasa 130/80 mm Hg don jinkirta lalacewar koda. Magungunan hana yaduwar enzyme na angiotensin (ACE) ko masu hana masu karɓar maganin angiotensin (ARBs) sune magungunan da akafi amfani dasu. Masu hana ACE da ARBs na iya taimakawa rage adadin furotin da aka ɓata a cikin fitsarin.
• Corticosteroids da wasu kwayoyi waɗanda ke hana ko nutsuwa da tsarin garkuwar jiki.
• Yin maganin babban cholesterol don rage haɗarin matsalolin zuciya da na jijiyoyin jini - Abincin mai mai ƙarancin mai, mai ƙarancin cholesterol yawanci baya isa ga mutanen da ke fama da ciwon nephrotic. Ana iya buƙatar magunguna don rage yawan cholesterol da triglycerides (yawanci suna statins).
• Abincin mai ƙarancin sodium na iya taimakawa tare da kumburi a hannu da ƙafafu. Magungunan ruwa (diuretics) na iya taimakawa tare da wannan matsalar.
• Abincin mai ƙananan furotin na iya zama mai taimako. Mai ba ku sabis na iya ba da shawarar abinci mai ƙarancin furotin (gram 1 na furotin a kowace kilogram na nauyin jiki kowace rana).
• Shan sinadarin bitamin D idan rashin lafiyar nephrotic na dadewa kuma baya amsa magani.
• Shan magungunan sikanin jini don magance ko hana daskarewar jini.

Sakamakon ya bambanta. Wasu mutane suna murmurewa daga yanayin. Wasu kuma suna kamuwa da cutar koda na tsawon lokaci kuma suna bukatar wankin koda daga karshe a dasa musu koda.

Matsalolin kiwon lafiya waɗanda ke iya haifar da cututtukan nephrotic sun haɗa da:

• Ciwon koda
• Eningarfafa jijiyoyin da cututtukan zuciya masu alaƙa
• Ciwon koda na kullum
• Fara yawan ruwa, gazawar zuciya, haɓakar ruwa a huhu
• Cututtuka, gami da cututtukan huhu na huhu
• Rashin abinci mai gina jiki
• Ciwon koda na jijiyoyin jiki

Kira mai ba da sabis idan:

• Kai ko yaronka ya kamu da alamun cututtukan nephrotic, gami da kumburi a fuska, ciki, ko hannu da ƙafa, ko ciwon fata
• Ana kula da ku ko yaranku don ciwon nephrotic, amma alamun ba su inganta
• Sabbin bayyanar cututtuka sun haɓaka, gami da tari, rage fitowar fitsari, rashin jin daɗin fitsari, zazzabi, tsananin ciwon kai

Jeka dakin gaggawa ko kira lambar gaggawa ta gida (kamar 911) idan raunin ya kama.

Yin maganin yanayin da zai iya haifar da cututtukan nephrotic na iya taimakawa hana ciwon.

Nephrosis

• Ciwon jikin koda

Erkan E. Ciwon ƙwayar cuta. A cikin: Kliegman RM, St. Geme JW, Blum NJ, Shah SS, Tasker RC, Wilson KM, eds. Nelson Littafin koyar da ilimin yara. 21st ed. Philadelphia, PA: Elsevier; 2020: babi na 545.

Saha MK, Pendergraft WF, Jennette JC, Falk RJ. Cutar farko ta glomerular. A cikin: Yu ASL, Chertow GM, Luyckx VA, Marsden PA, Skorecki K, Taal MW, eds. Brenner da Rector na Koda. 11th ed. Philadelphia, PA: Elsevier; 2020: babi na 31.