Mawallafi: Eric Farmer
Ranar Halitta: 5 Maris 2021
Sabuntawa: 21 Nuwamba 2024
Anonim
ALL NIGHT WITH THE POLTERGEIST IN THE APARTMENT BUILDING, I filmed the creepy activity.
Video: ALL NIGHT WITH THE POLTERGEIST IN THE APARTMENT BUILDING, I filmed the creepy activity.

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Kusan shekaru talatin kenan tun lokacin da aka kafa dokar cin zarafi ga mata a shekarar 1994. Asalin sa hannun shugaban kasa Bill Clinton na wancan lokacin, tare da babban goyon baya daga dan takarar shugaban kasa na jam'iyyar Democrat na 2020 Joe Biden (wanda, a lokacin, Sanata ne ga Delaware), dokar ta ba da biliyoyin daloli don gudanar da bincike da kuma hukunta laifukan tashin hankali da ake yi wa mata. Har ila yau, ya haifar da ƙirƙirar Ofishin kan Rikicin Mata, wani ɓangaren Sashen Shari'a wanda ke ƙarfafa ayyuka ga waɗanda suka tsira daga tashin hankalin cikin gida, tashin hankali, cin zarafin mata, da bin diddigi. Dokar ta samar da layin waya na ƙasa ga waɗanda tashin hankalin cikin gida ya shafa. Ta tallafa wa mafaka da cibiyoyin rikicin da tallafawa horon tilasta bin doka a cikin al'ummomi a duk faɗin ƙasar don bincika ayyukan tashin hankali kan mata da tallafawa waɗanda suka tsira.


Don a ce mafi ƙanƙanta, VAWA ta canza yadda Amurkawa ke fahimta kuma suna kallon yadda ake cin zarafin mata. Tsakanin 1994 (lokacin da aka kirkiro doka) da 2010, tashin hankali na abokan hulɗa ya ragu da sama da kashi 60, a cewar Ma'aikatar Shari'a. Masana da yawa sun ce VAWA ta taka rawa sosai a wannan koma baya.

Tun lokacin da aka rattaba hannu kan doka, ana sabunta VAWA duk bayan shekara biyar, kowane lokaci yana gabatar da sabbin tanade -tanade don kare mata daga tashin hankali. Sabunta 2019 na VAWA, alal misali, sun haɗa da shawara don rufe abin da ake kira "saurin saƙon saurayi." A halin yanzu, dokar tarayya ta hana masu cin zarafi na gida samun bindigogi, amma idan mai zagin ya yi aure (ko kuma ya yi aure), yana zaune tare, ko kuma yana da yaro tare da wanda aka azabtar. Wannan yana nufin babu wani abin da zai hana abokan hulɗar soyayya masu cin zarafi samun damar yin amfani da bindigogi, koda kuwa suna da rikodin laifi na tashin hankalin gida. La’akari da cewa kisan kai da abokan hulɗa ke yi ya na ƙaruwa tsawon shekaru talatin; kasancewar mata sun kusa kashe su ta hanyar saduwa da ma’aurata; kuma kasancewar kasancewar bindiga kawai a cikin yanayin tashin hankali na cikin gida na iya haɓaka haɗarin kisan mace da kashi 500 cikin ɗari, bai kasance mafi mahimmanci a rufe “ramin saurayi” ba.


Koyaya, lokacin da aka gabatar da kawar da “gibin saurayi” a cikin sabuntawar 2019 na VAWA, Ƙungiyar Rifle ta Ƙasa, ƙungiyar masu fafutukar kare haƙƙin bindiga, ta yi ƙyamar ƙeta doka. Fadan bangaranci a Majalisa ya biyo baya, tare da dakatar da kokarin ba da izini na VAWA. Sakamakon haka, yanzu VAWA ta ƙare, ta bar waɗanda suka tsira daga tashin hankalin cikin gida, mafaka mata, da sauran ƙungiyoyi waɗanda ke ba da agajin da ake buƙata ga matan da aka ci zarafin ba tare da tallafin tarayya da na kuɗi ba. Wannan yana da mahimmanci musamman yanzu, kamar yadda layin tashin hankali na cikin gida da cibiyoyin rikicin fyade suka ba da rahoton ci gaba da ƙaruwa a cikin kira tun farkon barkewar COVID-19.

Don haka, ta yaya za mu sake ba da izini ga VAWA da inganta cibiyar tsaro ga waɗanda suka tsira daga tashin hankalin gida? Siffa ya yi magana da Lynn Rosenthal, sanannen zakaran kasa don rigakafin tashin hankalin iyali, game da ƙalubalen da ke fuskantar sake ba da izini na VAWA da kuma yadda Biden ke shirin tunkarar su. Rosenthal ta rike mukamai a matsayin darektan shirin Rikicin Mata kan Gidauniyar Biden, mashawarcin Fadar White House na farko kan cin zarafin mata a karkashin Shugaba Barack Obama, da mataimakiyar shugaban kawancen dabaru a Babban Hoton Rikicin Cikin Gida na Kasa.


SiffaWadanne manyan kalubale ne a halin yanzu ke fuskantar sake ba da izinin VAWA?

Rosenthal: Rikicin cikin gida da bindigogi haɗuwa ne mai kisa. Tun farkon VAWA, an sami kariya a cikin doka game da tashin hankali na bindiga, farawa da tanadin cewa wani wanda ke ƙarƙashin tsarin tsaro na dindindin (aka ba da umarnin hanawa) don tashin hankalin cikin gida ba zai iya mallakar bindigogi ko harsasai ba. Wata kariya a cikin dokar ita ce Kwaskwarimar Lautenberg, wacce ta bayyana cewa mutanen da aka samu da aikata laifukan cin zarafin cikin gida kuma ba za su iya mallakar bindigogi ko harsasai ba. Duk da haka, waɗannan kariyar suna aiki ne kawai idan wanda aka azabtar ya kasance (ko ya kasance) matar mai laifin, idan sun zauna tare, ko kuma idan sun yi tarayya da yaro. Rufe “saurin saƙon saurayi” kawai zai ba da waɗannan kariyar ga waɗanda ba su yi aure ba, ba su zauna tare ba, kuma ba su da ɗa tare.

VAWA bai kamata ba, ta kowace hanya, ta kasance ƙwallon ƙafa. Ya kamata ya zama wani yanki na doka wanda zai tattara mutane tare don magance lafiyar jama'a.

Lynn Rosenthal ne adam wata

VAWA bai kamata ba, ta kowace hanya, ta kasance ƙwallon ƙafa. Ita ce cibiyar mayar da martani ga al'umma game da tashin hankalin gida, tashin hankali na soyayya, cin zarafi, da kuma zage-zage. Ya kamata ya zama wani yanki na doka wanda zai tattara mutane tare don magance lafiyar jama'a. Bai kamata a yi amfani da shi azaman abin dogaro ba a fagen siyasar jama'a. Yakamata ta tsaya da kanta azaman yanki mai mahimmanci na doka. Abin ban tsoro ne ganin ba a ƙara waɗannan kariyar ba.

SiffaMe yasa yake da mahimmanci musamman don sake ba da izinin VAWA a cikin yanayin da ake ciki yanzu?

Rosenthal: Cutar ta COVID-19 ta fito da kowane irin banbanci, gami da banbancin launin fata a cikin martanin cutar da haɗarin da al'ummomin ke fuskanta. Lokacin da kuka ƙara tashin hankalin cikin gida a cikin mahaɗar, hakan yana sa al'amura su fi rikitarwa.

Dokar Taimakon Coronavirus, Taimako, da Dokar Tsaro ta Tattalin Arziki da Dokar Maɓalli na Omnibus na Lafiya da Maido da Tattalin Arziki sun haɗa wasu kudade don ayyukan tashin hankalin gida, amma bai isa ba. Dole ne mu ba da ƙarin taimako ga waɗanda suka tsira daga tashin hankalin gida da shirye -shiryen da ke yi musu hidima. Ka yi tunanin illar cutar a kan mutanen da ke rufe a cikin gidajensu, suna magance duk damuwar keɓewa, ƙoƙarin taimaka wa yaransu a makaranta, kuma fuskantar tashin hankali da cin zarafin gida. Muna buƙatar samun sauƙi ga waɗannan mutanen ba kawai ta hanyar VAWA ba, amma ta ƙarin matakan gaggawa ma, kamar wani fakitin dawo da COVID-19. In ba haka ba, za mu bar waɗanda ke fama da tashin hankalin cikin gida mai yiwuwa ba tare da taimako da kariya ba tsawon shekaru yayin da muke ci gaba da murmurewa daga ƙasar gaba ɗaya daga cutar.

Don sake ba da izini na VAWA, musamman, ainihin tambayar ita ce: Shin batun cin zarafin mata a gida shine fifikon ƙasarmu, ko a'a? Idan muka kalli bayanan, fiye da ɗaya cikin mata uku suna fuskantar wani irin cin zarafi daga hannun abokiyar zama. Wannan wani muhimmin bangare ne na al'ummarmu wanda galibi ba a magance bukatunsu ba. Idan muka fahimci girman matsalar da haɗarin da ke tattare da damuwar lafiyar lafiya da ta hankali ga mata da iyalai, to za mu mai da wannan fifiko. Mu za wuce wani kunshin murmurewa na COVID-19 cikin sauri kuma tare da ƙarin kuɗi don agajin tashin hankali na cikin gida. Mu za ci gaba tare da sake ba da izini na VAWA. Mu ba zai fadace-fadace ta bangaranci. Idan da gaske mun damu da wannan matsalar, za mu yi sauri, kuma za mu samar da abubuwan da ake buƙata.

Siffa: Bayan "saurin saƙon saurayi," wasu gyare-gyare ga VAWA na iya inganta lafiyar waɗanda suka tsira daga tashin hankalin gida?

Rosenthal: VAWA da farko ta mai da hankali kan inganta martanin adalci na aikata laifuka a cikin tashin hankali na cikin gida da cin zarafin fyade ta hanyar sauye-sauyen da ake buƙata, gami da samun jihohi don fifita lafiyar waɗanda abin ya shafa da ɗaukar alhakin masu laifi. Wani muhimmin sashi na farkon nau'ikan VAWA, wanda ke ci gaba da zama mai mahimmanci a yau, shine kuɗaɗen bayar da tallafi na haɗin gwiwar al'umma game da tashin hankalin cikin gida. Wannan yana nufin haɗa dukkan tsarin da ke tasiri kan yadda lamuran tashin hankalin cikin gida ke tafiya ta cikin tsarin: tilasta bin doka, masu gabatar da kara, kotuna, ƙungiyoyin ba da shawara, da dai sauransu.

Amma tsohon mataimakin shugaban kasa Biden, wanda ya gabatar da VAWA a cikin '90s, koyaushe yana cewa dokar aiki ne da ke gudana wanda zai haɓaka bisa buƙatun al'ummomi. Tare da kowane izini na VAWA - 2000, 2005, 2013 - akwai sabbin tanade -tanade. A yau, VAWA ta haɓaka don haɗawa da shirye-shiryen gidaje na wucin gadi (waɗanda ke ba da gidaje na ɗan lokaci da tallafi don taimakawa haɓaka rata tsakanin rashin gida da yanayin rayuwa na dindindin), gidaje masu tallafi, da kariya ta nuna wariya ga waɗanda aka zalunta a cikin gida. Har ila yau, VAWA yanzu ta haɗa da shirye-shiryen rigakafin tashin hankali na cikin gida da fa'idar ra'ayi game da horarwar da aka sanar da rauni (hanyar da ke gane yuwuwar kasancewar da rawar rauni a cikin halayen wasu) ga 'yan sanda da sauran ma'aikatan shari'a masu laifi.

Da fatan za a ba da tallafi a hannun al'ummomin da rikicin cikin gida ya fi shafa. Mata bakar fata suna fuskantar sau biyu da rabi na yawan kisan gilla na mata farar fata a yanayin tashin hankalin gida. Wannan yafi yawa saboda wariyar launin fata na tsarin laifi. Saboda waɗancan son zuciya, gunaguni na laifi - gami da tashin hankalin cikin gida - waɗanda mata masu launin fata ke yi ba a ɗaukar su da mahimmanci. Hakanan, saboda tashin hankalin 'yan sanda a cikin al'ummomi masu launi, mata baƙi na iya jin tsoron neman taimako.

Sa ido, kudade ya kamata ya kasance a hannun al'ummomin da rikicin cikin gida ya fi shafa.

Lynn Rosenthal ne adam wata

Yanzu da tattaunawa game da tsarin wariyar launin fata ya kasance gaba da tsakiya a Amurka, ta yaya za mu tabbatar cewa an haɗa laifukan cin zarafin cikin gida? VAWA tana ba da damar yin hakan daidai. Ya riga ya haɗa da tanade -tanade don gudanar da shirye -shiryen adalci na maidowa, wanda ya haɗa da ƙarin hanyar da ba ta dace ba ta kafa tattaunawa (ta hanyar taro da sasantawa) tsakanin waɗanda suka tsira da masu cin zarafi tare da taimakon al'umman da suka tsira (dangi, abokai, shugabannin imani, da sauransu). Wannan yana nufin muna kallon bayan aikin 'yan sanda a matsayin kawai martani ga tashin hankalin cikin gida da cin zarafin jima'i ta hanyar shigar da wasu sassa da ayyuka ga waɗanda suka tsira da kuma riƙe alhakin masu laifi. Wannan dama ce mai ban sha'awa kuma wani abu ne da za mu iya ci gaba da haɓakawa a nan gaba don VAWA.

Siffa: Waɗanne canje -canje za mu yi tsammanin gani a tashin hankalin cikin gida a Amurka idan muka zaɓi shugaban da ke fafutukar kare mata?

Rosenthal: Lokacin da Biden ya kasance a Fadar White House a matsayin mataimakin shugaban kasa, ya yi tasiri sosai kan martanin da al'ummar kasar ke yi game da cin zarafin mata a harabar makarantar. Ya yi aiki tare da Ma'aikatar Ilimi kan ƙarfafa Title IX (wanda ke kare ɗalibai daga wariyar jinsi, gami da cin zarafin jima'i). Ya taimaka haɓaka It On Us, shirin wayar da kan jama'a wanda ke kawo tattaunawa game da rigakafin cin zarafin jima'i ga ɗaruruwan kwalejoji da jami'o'i a duk faɗin ƙasar. Ya ba da gudummawar miliyoyin daloli ga ƙoƙarin da ƙasar ke yi don magance koma baya na kayan fyade da ba a gwada su ba don waɗanda suka tsira daga fyade su sami adalci.

Duk abin da ya yi ke nan a matsayinsa na mataimakin shugaban kasa. Ka yi tunanin abin da zai iya cim ma a matsayinsa na shugaban kasa. Zai iya saita abubuwan da suka fi muhimmanci a cikin kasafin kuɗin tarayya kuma ya ba da shawara ga Majalisa game da matakin kuɗin da shirye -shiryen rigakafin tashin hankali na cikin gida ke buƙatar magance girman matsalar. Zai iya mayar da mu ga ayyukan da suka faɗo ta hanya kamar horar da ma'aikatan kiwon lafiya game da tashin hankalin gida da saka hannun jari a rigakafin fyade da ilimi ga al'ummomin matasa. Rigakafi shine irin wannan muhimmin sashi na inda muke buƙatar zuwa na gaba. Akwai dabarun tushen shaida don nuna cewa zaku iya canza halaye, imani, da halaye game da tashin hankali da dangantaka lokacin da kuka gabatar da shirye-shiryen rigakafin ga matasa da wuri.

Lokacin da kake da shugaban da ke gwagwarmaya don tabbatar da waɗannan batutuwan yadda ya kamata, yana sanya mu kan hanyar kawo ƙarshen tashin hankalin gida da cin zarafi.

Don ƙarin bayani kan yadda, yaushe, da kuma inda za ku iya jefa ƙuri'a a wannan shekara ziyarci usa.gov/how-to-vote. Hakanan zaka iya zuwa vote.org don nemo wurin jefa ƙuri'a mafi kusa, neman katin jefa ƙuri'a, tabbatar da matsayin rajistar ku, har ma da masu tuni na zaɓe (don haka ba za ku taɓa rasa damar jin muryar ku ba). Sun yi karancin shekarun yin zabe a bana? Yi alƙawarin yin rajista, kuma vote.org zai aiko muku da saƙon rubutu a ranar haihuwar ku ta 18 - saboda mun yi gwagwarmaya sosai don wannan haƙƙin kada mu yi amfani da shi.

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