Anemia

Anemia wani yanayi ne wanda jiki bashi da isasshen ƙwayoyin jan jini. Kwayoyin jinin ja suna samar da iskar oxygen ga kyallen takarda.

Anemia daban-daban sun hada da:

• Anemia saboda rashin bitamin B12
• Anemia saboda rashi (folic acid)
• Anemia saboda rashin ƙarfe
• Karancin cutar rashin lafiya
• Anaemia mai raunin jini
• Idiopathic cutar ruɓaɓɓen jini
• Karancin jini na Megaloblastic
• Anemia mai ciwo
• Cutar Sikila
• Thalassaemia

Anaemia rashin ƙarancin ƙarfe shine mafi yawan nau'in rashin jini.

Kodayake yawancin sassan jiki suna taimakawa wajen yin jajayen ƙwayoyin jini, yawancin aikin ana yin su ne a cikin kashin ƙashi. Kashin kashin nama shine laushi mai taushi a tsakiyar ƙashi wanda ke taimakawa ƙirƙirar dukkan ƙwayoyin jini.

Lafiyayyun kwayoyin jinin jini na karshe tsakanin kwana 90 da 120. Sassan jikinka sannan cire tsoffin kwayoyin jini. Wani hormone da ake kira erythropoietin (epo) da aka yi a cikin ƙododanka yana nuna sigar kashin kashinka don yin ƙarin jajayen ƙwayoyin jini.

Hemoglobin shine furotin mai dauke da iskar oxygen a cikin kwayoyin jinin ja. Yana ba jajayen kwayoyin jini launi. Mutanen da ke da karancin jini ba su da isasshen haemoglobin.

Jiki yana buƙatar wasu bitamin, ma'adanai, da abubuwan gina jiki don yin isasshen ƙwayoyin jini. Iron, bitamin B12, da folic acid sune manyan abubuwa guda uku. Jiki bazai isa da waɗannan abubuwan gina jiki ba saboda:

• Canje-canje a cikin rufin ciki ko hanji wanda ya shafi yadda ake amfani da abinci mai kyau (misali, cutar celiac)
• Rashin cin abinci mara kyau
• Yin aikin tiyata wanda ke cire wani ɓangare na ciki ko hanji

Abubuwan da ka iya haddasa karancin jini sun hada da:

• Rashin ƙarfe
• Rashin bitamin B12
• Rashin ƙoshin lafiya
• Wasu magunguna
• Rushewar jajayen ƙwayoyin jini a baya fiye da yadda al'ada take (wanda wataƙila matsalolin tsarin garkuwar jiki ne ke haifar shi)
• Dogon lokaci (na kullum) cututtuka irin su cututtukan koda, ciwon daji, ulcerative colitis, ko rheumatoid arthritis
• Wasu nau'ikan cututtukan anemia, kamar thalassaemia ko sikila cell anemia, ana iya gado
• Ciki
• Matsaloli tare da bargon kasusuwa kamar su lymphoma, leukemia, myelodysplasia, myeloma da yawa, ko kuma anemia
• Rage jini a hankali (alal misali, daga lokacin al'ada mai zafi ko ulcer)
• Kwatsam asarar jini

Wataƙila ba ku da alamun bayyanar inemiemia yana da sauƙi ko kuma idan matsalar ta taso a hankali. Kwayar cututtukan da zasu iya faruwa da farko sun hada da:

• Jin rauni ko kasala sau da yawa fiye da yadda aka saba, ko motsa jiki
• Ciwon kai
• Matsalolin tattara hankali ko tunani
• Rashin fushi
• Rashin ci
• Jin ƙyama da ƙwanƙwasa hannaye da ƙafa

Idan cutar karancin jini ta zama mafi muni, alamun cutar na iya haɗawa da:

• Launin shuɗi zuwa fararen idanu
• Nailsusoshin ƙusa
• Ana son cin kankara ko wasu abubuwan da ba abinci ba (cututtukan pica)
• Haskewar kai lokacin da kake tsaye
• Launin launi na fata
• Ofarancin numfashi tare da sauƙin aiki ko ma a huta
• Ciwo ko kumburin harshe
• Ciwon marurai
• Rashin al'ada ko ƙarar jinin haila ga mata
• Rashin sha'awar jima'i a cikin maza

Mai ba da sabis ɗin zai yi gwajin jiki, kuma zai iya samun:

• Wata zuciyar ta yi gunaguni
• Pressurearancin jini, musamman idan ka tashi tsaye
• Zazzaɓi kaɗan
• Fata mai haske
• Saurin bugun zuciya

Wasu nau'ikan cutar ƙarancin jini na iya haifar da wasu binciken akan gwajin jiki.

Gwajin jini da ake amfani dashi don tantance wasu nau'ikan cutar rashin jini na iya haɗawa da:

• Matakan jini na baƙin ƙarfe, bitamin B12, folic acid, da sauran bitamin da kuma ma'adanai
• Kammala lissafin jini
• Icididdigar Reticulocyte

Sauran gwaje-gwajen ana iya yin su don neman matsalolin likita waɗanda zasu iya haifar da ƙarancin jini.

Ya kamata a ba da magani a dalilin cutar karancin jini, kuma zai iya haɗawa da:

• Karin jini
• Corticosteroids ko wasu magunguna waɗanda ke hana tsarin rigakafi
• Erythropoietin, magani ne wanda ke taimakawa kashin kashin ka ya samar da karin kwayoyin jini
• Arin ƙarfe, bitamin B12, folic acid, ko wasu bitamin da kuma ma'adanai

Muguwar karancin jini na iya haifar da ƙarancin iskar oxygen a cikin mahimman sassan jiki kamar zuciya, kuma yana iya haifar da rashin aikin zuciya.

Kirawo mai ba da sabis idan kuna da alamun rashin jini ko zubar jini na al'ada.

• Kwayoyin jinin jini - elliptocytosis
• Kwayoyin jini - spherocytosis
• Kwayoyin jinin ja - ƙwayoyin sikila da yawa
• Ovalocytosis
• Kwayoyin jinin ja - sikila da Pappenheimer
• Jini jajayen, masu niyya
• Hemoglobin

Elghetany MT, Schexneider KI, Banki K. Rashin lafiyar Erythrocytic. A cikin: McPherson RA, Pincus MR, eds. Henry's Clinical Diagnosis and Management by Hanyoyin Laboratory. 23 ga ed. St Louis, MO: Elsevier; 2017: babi na 32.

Lin JC. Hanyar kusanci da rashin jini a cikin baligi da yaro. A cikin: Hoffman R, Benz EJ, Silberstein LE, et al, eds. Hematology: Ka'idoji da Aiki. 7th ed. Philadelphia, PA: Elsevier; 2018: babi na 34.

Yana nufin RT. Kusanci da anemias. A cikin: Goldman L, Schafer AI, eds. Magungunan Goldman-Cecil. 26th ed. Philadelphia, PA: Elsevier; 2020: babi na 149.