Thalassaemia

Thalassaemia cuta ce ta jini da aka ratsa ta cikin dangi (wanda aka gada) a inda jiki ke yin sifa mara kyau ko kuma rashin isasshen adadin haemoglobin. Hemoglobin shine furotin a cikin jinin jini wanda ke ɗaukar oxygen. Rashin lafiyar yana haifar da adadi mai yawa na jan jini ana lalata shi, wanda ke haifar da ƙarancin jini.

Hemoglobin an yi shi da sunadarai biyu:

• Alpha globin
• Beta globin

Thalassaemia na faruwa ne lokacin da akwai nakasa a cikin kwayar halitta wacce ke taimakawa wajen sarrafa samar da ɗayan waɗannan sunadarai.

Akwai manyan nau'ikan thalassaemia guda biyu:

• Alfa thalassaemia na faruwa ne lokacin da kwayar halitta ko kwayoyin halittar da ke da alaƙa da furotin na alpha globin suka ɓace ko suka canza (suka canza).
• Beta thalassaemia yana faruwa yayin da lahani iri daya ya shafi samar da furotin na beta globin.

Alpha thalassemias yana faruwa galibi a cikin mutane daga Kudu maso gabashin Asiya, Gabas ta Tsakiya, China, da kuma waɗanda ke asalin Afirka.

Beta thalassemias yana faruwa galibi a cikin mutanen asalin Rum. Zuwa ƙaramin abu, ana iya shafar Sinawa, sauran Asiya, da Ba'amurken Afirka.

Akwai nau'ikan thalassaemia da yawa. Kowane nau'i yana da ƙananan ƙananan nau'ikan. Dukansu alpha da beta thalassaemia sun haɗa da siffofin biyu masu zuwa:

• Thalassaemia babba
• Thalassemia karami

Dole ne ku gaji lalacewar kwayar halitta daga iyayen biyu don haɓaka thalassaemia babba.

Minorananan cutar Thalassaemia yana faruwa idan kun karɓi lalatacciyar hanyar daga mahaifi ɗaya. Mutanen da ke da wannan nau'in cuta suna ɗaukar cutar. Yawancin lokaci, ba su da alamun bayyanar.

Beta thalassemia babba ana kiranta Cooley anemia.

Hanyoyin haɗari ga thalassaemia sun haɗa da:

• Asiya, Sinawa, Bahar Rum, ko ƙabilar Amurka ta Afirka
• Tarihin iyali na rashin lafiya

Mafi tsananin nau'in alpha thalassaemia shine ke haifar da haihuwa har abada (mutuwar jaririn da ba a haifa ba yayin haihuwa ko ƙarshen matakan ciki).

Yaran da aka haifa da beta thalassaemia babba (Cooley anemia) al'ada ce a lokacin haihuwa, amma suna fuskantar mummunan ƙarancin jini a lokacin shekarar farko ta rayuwa.

Sauran cututtuka na iya haɗawa da:

• Lalacewar kashi a fuska
• Gajiya
• Rashin ci gaba
• Rashin numfashi
• Fata mai launin rawaya (jaundice)

Mutanen da ke da ƙananan ƙwayar alpha da beta thalassaemia suna da ƙananan ƙwayoyin jini ja amma ba alamun alamun.

Mai ba da lafiyar ku zai yi gwajin jiki don neman ƙwarin girma.

Za a aika samfurin jini zuwa dakin gwaje-gwaje don a gwada shi.

• Jajayen kwayoyin jini zasu bayyana karama kuma suna da fasali mara kyau idan aka duba su a karkashin madubin hangen nesa.
• Cikakken lissafin jini (CBC) yana nuna karancin jini.
• Gwajin da ake kira hemoglobin electrophoresis ya nuna akwai wani nau'in cuta mara kyau na haemoglobin.
• Gwajin da ake kira nazarin canjin yanayi na iya taimakawa gano alpha thalassaemia.

Jiyya don manyan cututtukan thalassaemia galibi sun haɗa da ƙarin jini akai-akai da kuma ƙarin abinci.

Idan ka karɓi ƙarin jini, to bai kamata ka sha maganin ƙarfe ba. Yin hakan na iya haifar da yawan baƙin ƙarfe a jiki, wanda ke da lahani.

Mutanen da suka karɓi ƙarin jini da yawa suna buƙatar magani da ake kira chelation therapy. Ana yin hakan ne don cire ƙarfe mai yawa daga jiki.

Marwayar kashi a ƙashi na iya taimakawa wajen magance cutar a wasu mutane, musamman yara.

Thalassaemia mai tsanani na iya haifar da mutuwa da wuri (tsakanin shekaru 20 zuwa 30) saboda gazawar zuciya. Samun ƙarin jini akai-akai da magani don cire baƙin ƙarfe daga jiki yana taimaka inganta sakamakon.

Formsananan nau'ikan nau'ikan thalassaemia sau da yawa basa takaita rayuwa.

Kuna so ku nemi shawara akan kwayoyin idan kuna da tarihin iyali na yanayin kuma kuna tunanin samun yara.

Ba tare da magani ba, thalassemia babba yana haifar da gazawar zuciya da matsalolin hanta. Hakan kuma yana sa mutum ya zama mai saurin kamuwa da cututtuka.

Arin jini na iya taimakawa wajen sarrafa wasu alamun, amma yana da haɗarin illa daga baƙin ƙarfe da yawa.

Kira mai ba da sabis idan:

• Kai ko yaranka suna da alamun cutar thalassaemia.
• Ana kula da ku don cutar kuma sabbin alamun bayyanar sun ci gaba.

Anaemia na Bahar Rum; Cooley anemia; Beta thalassaemia; Alpha thalassaemia

• Thalassaemia babba
• Thalassemia karami

Cappellini MD. Thalassemias. A cikin: Goldman L, Schafer AI, eds. Magungunan Goldman-Cecil. 26th ed. Philadelphia, PA: Elsevier; 2020: babi na 153.

Chapin J, Giardina PJ. Ciwon Thalassaemia. A cikin: Hoffman R, Benz EJ, Silberstein LE, et al, eds. Hematology: Ka'idoji da Aiki. 7th ed. Philadelphia, PA: Elsevier; 2018: babi na 40.

Smith-Whitley K, Kwiatkowski JL. Hemoglobinopathies. A cikin: Kliegman RM, St. Geme JW, Blum NJ, Shah SS, Tasker RC, Wilson KM, eds. Nelson Littafin koyar da ilimin yara. 21st ed. Philadelphia, PA: Elsevier; 2020: babi na 489.