Cutar-kwayar cutar sankarau

Cutar sankarau na nan lokacin da membran ɗin da ke rufe kwakwalwa da lakar ya zama kumbura suka kumbura. Ana kiran wannan suturar meninges.

Kwayar cuta kwayar cuta ce wacce take iya haifar da cutar sankarau. Kwayoyin cuta masu saurin yaduwa nau'in nau'in nau'in nau'in nau'in kwayar cuta ce wacce ke aiki da irin wannan yanayin a cikin jiki. Ana kiransu gram-negative saboda sun zama ruwan hoda lokacin da aka gwada su a dakin gwaje-gwaje tare da tabo na musamman da ake kira Gram stain.

Za a iya haifar da cutar sankarau mai saurin kamuwa da kwayoyin cuta na Gram-negative ciki har da meningococcal da H mura.

Wannan labarin ya shafi kwayar cutar sankarau da kwayoyin cuta masu zuwa ke haifarwa:

• Escherichia coli
• Klebsiella ciwon huhu
• Pseudomonas aeruginosa
• Sabis marsescens

Cutar sankarau da ke saurin kwayar cutar kwayar cuta ta fi yawa a cikin jarirai fiye da manya. Amma kuma yana iya faruwa a cikin manya, musamman waɗanda ke da ɗaya ko fiye da haɗarin haɗari. Abubuwan haɗari a cikin manya da yara sun haɗa da:

• Kamuwa da cuta (musamman a cikin ciki ko sashin fitsari)
• Yin aikin tiyata a kwanannan
• Raunin kwanan nan ga kai
• Matsalolin rashin lafiya
• Ruwan jijiyoyin jikin mutum ya daina sanyawa bayan tiyatar kwakwalwa
• Matsanancin fitsari
• Hanyar kamuwa da fitsari
• Karfin garkuwar jiki

Kwayar cutar yawanci kan zo da sauri, kuma na iya haɗawa da:

• Zazzabi da sanyi
• Halin tunanin mutum ya canza
• Tashin zuciya da amai
• Haskakawa zuwa haske (photophobia)
• Tsananin ciwon kai
• Neckunƙun wuya (meningismus)
• Kwayar cutar mafitsara, koda, hanji, ko ciwon huhu

Sauran alamun da zasu iya faruwa tare da wannan cuta:

• Gaggawa
• Bulging fontanelles a cikin jarirai
• Rage hankali
• Rashin ciyarwa ko rashin haushi a cikin yara
• Saurin numfashi
• Halin da ba a saba gani ba, tare da kai da wuya a baya (opisthotonos)

Mai ba da sabis na kiwon lafiya zai yi gwajin jiki. Tambayoyi zasu mayar da hankali kan alamomin cutar da yiwuwar bayyanar da su ga wani wanda zai iya samun alamomin iri ɗaya, kamar wuya da zazzabi.

Idan mai bayarwa yana tunanin cutar sankarau na iya yuwuwa, za a iya yin hujin lumbar don cire samfurin ruwan kashin baya don gwaji.

Sauran gwaje-gwajen da za'a iya yi sun haɗa da:

• Al'adar jini
• Kirjin x-ray
• CT scan na kai
• Gram tabo, sauran tabo na musamman

Za a fara maganin rigakafi da wuri-wuri. Ceftriaxone, ceftazidime, da cefepime sune maganin rigakafi wanda akafi amfani dashi don wannan nau'in cutar sankarau. Sauran kwayoyin rigakafi ana iya ba su, ya danganta da nau'in ƙwayoyin cuta.

Idan kana da jijiyar baya, za'a iya cire shi.

An fara maganin farko, mafi kyawun sakamakon.

Mutane da yawa suna murmurewa gaba ɗaya. Amma, mutane da yawa suna da lalacewar kwakwalwa ta har abada ko kuma mutu irin wannan cutar sankarau. Childrenananan yara da manya sama da shekaru 50 suna da haɗarin mutuwa. Yadda za ku yi ya dogara da:

• Shekarunka
• Yaya za'a fara jiyya
• Lafiyar ku gaba daya

Matsaloli na dogon lokaci na iya haɗawa da:

• Lalacewar kwakwalwa
• Ruwan ruwa tsakanin kwanyar da kwakwalwa (subdural effusion)
• Ruwan ruwa a cikin kokon kai wanda ke haifar da kumburin kwakwalwa (hydrocephalus)
• Rashin ji
• Kamawa

Kira 911 ko lambar gaggawa na cikin gida ko zuwa ɗakin gaggawa idan kuna tsammanin meningitis a cikin ƙaramin yaro wanda ke da alamun bayyanar:

• Matsalar ciyarwa
• Babban kuka
• Rashin fushi
• Zazzabin da ba'a bayyana ba

Cutar sankarau na saurin zama cuta mai barazanar rai.

Gaggauta magance cututtukan da ke da alaƙa na iya rage tsanani da rikitarwa na cutar sankarau.

Cutar-kwayar cutar sankarau

• Tsarin juyayi na tsakiya da tsarin juyayi na gefe
• Fididdigar ƙwayoyin CSF

Cibiyoyin Kula da Cututtuka da Rigakafin yanar gizo. Ciwon sankarau na kwayan cuta. www.cdc.gov/meningitis/bacterial.html. An sabunta Agusta 6, 2019. An shiga Disamba 1, 2020.

Nath A. Cutar sankarau: kwayar cuta, kwayar cuta, da sauran su. A cikin: Goldman L, Schafer AI, eds. Magungunan Goldman-Cecil. 26th ed. Philadelphia, PA: Elsevier; 2020: babi na 384.

Hasbun R, Van de Beek D, Brouwer MC, Tunkel AR .. Cutar sankarau mai tsanani. A cikin: Bennett JE, Dolin R, Blaser MJ, eds. Mandell, Douglas, da Ka'idojin Bennett da Aiwatar da Cututtukan Cutar. 9th ed. Philadelphia, PA: Elsevier; 2020: babi na 87.