Guillain-Barré ciwo

Guillain-Barré ciwo (GBS) babbar matsala ce ta kiwon lafiya da ke faruwa yayin da tsarin kariya na jiki (na rigakafi) ya kai hari ga kuskure ga ɓangaren ɓangarorin jijiyoyin jiki. Wannan yana haifar da kumburin jijiyoyi wanda ke haifar da rauni na jiji ko inna da sauran alamomi.

Ba a san ainihin dalilin GBS ba. Ana tunanin cewa GBS cuta ce ta autoimmune. Tare da rashin lafiyar jiki, tsarin garkuwar jiki ya afkawa kansa bisa kuskure. GBS na iya faruwa a kowane zamani. An fi samunta a tsakanin mutane tsakanin shekara 30 zuwa 50.

GBS na iya faruwa tare da cututtuka daga ƙwayoyin cuta ko ƙwayoyin cuta, kamar su:

• Mura
• Wasu cututtukan ciki
• Ciwon huhu na mycoplasma
• HIV, kwayar da ke haifar da HIV / AIDS (ba safai ba)
• Herpes simplex
• Mononucleosis

GBS na iya faruwa tare da wasu yanayin kiwon lafiya, kamar:

• Tsarin lupus erythematosus
• Cutar Hodgkin
• Bayan tiyata

GBS yana lalata sassan jijiyoyi. Wannan lalacewar jijiya yana haifar da ƙwanƙwasawa, rauni na tsoka, rashin daidaito, da kuma inna. GBS galibi yana shafar suturar jijiya (myelin sheath). Ana kiran wannan lalacewar demyelination. Yana sa siginar jijiya su motsa a hankali. Lalacewa ga wasu sassan jijiyoyin na iya sa jijiyar ta daina aiki.

Kwayar cutar GBS na iya yin muni da sauri. Yana iya ɗaukar yan awanni kaɗan don alamun da suka fi tsanani su bayyana. Amma rauni wanda ke ƙaruwa a cikin kwanaki da yawa ma sananne ne.

Raunin jijiyoyi ko asarar aikin tsoka (inna) yana shafar ɓangarorin biyu na jiki. A mafi yawan lokuta, raunin tsoka yana farawa a kafafu kuma ya bazu zuwa hannaye. Wannan shi ake kira hauhawar hauka.

Idan kumburin ya shafi jijiyoyin kirji da diaphragm (babban tsoka da ke ƙarƙashin huhunka wanda ke taimaka maka numfashi) kuma waɗannan tsokoki ba su da ƙarfi, ƙila kana buƙatar taimakon numfashi.

Sauran alamomi da alamomin GBS sun haɗa da:

• Rashin karfin jijiya a cikin hannu da kafafu
• Tinging ko numbness (m asarar abin mamaki)
• Clearfin jijiyoyin jiki ko ciwo (na iya zama kamar ciwo mai kama da ciki)
• Movementungiyar ba tare da haɗin kai ba (ba zai iya tafiya ba tare da taimako ba)
• Pressureananan hawan jini ko kulawar hawan jini mara kyau
• Bugun zuciya

Sauran cututtuka na iya haɗawa da:

• Duban gani da hangen nesa biyu
• Rashin hankali da fadowa
• Matsalar motsi tsokoki na fuska
• Ragewar jijiyoyin jiki
• Jin zuciya ta buga (bugun zuciya)

Alamun gaggawa (nemi taimakon likita yanzun nan):

• Numfashi na wani lokaci
• Ba za a iya jan dogon numfashi ba
• Rashin numfashi
• Matsalar haɗiyewa
• Rushewa
• Sumewa
• Jin haske a lokacin da yake tsaye

Tarihin kara raunin tsoka da inna na iya zama alama ta GBS, musamman idan akwai rashin lafiya na kwanan nan.

Gwajin likita na iya nuna rauni na tsoka. Hakanan za'a iya samun matsaloli game da hawan jini da bugun zuciya. Waɗannan ayyuka ne waɗanda tsarin juyayi ke sarrafa su ta atomatik. Jarabawar na kuma iya nuna cewa abubuwan motsa jiki kamar su idon sawu ko gwiwa sun ragu ko sun bata.

Za a iya samun alamun ragin numfashi sanadiyyar cutar ingarman ƙwayoyin numfashi.

Za a iya yin gwaje-gwaje masu zuwa:

• Samfuran jijiyoyin ciki (na kashin baya)
• ECG don bincika aikin lantarki a cikin zuciya
• Electromyography (EMG) don gwada aikin lantarki a cikin tsokoki
• Gwajin saurin tafiyar da jijiyoyi don gwada yadda saurin sakonnin lantarki ke ratsa jijiya
• Gwajin aikin huhu don auna numfashi da yadda huhu ke aiki

Babu maganin GBS. Ana amfani da jiyya don rage bayyanar cututtuka, magance rikitarwa, da hanzarta murmurewa.

A farkon matakan rashin lafiyar, ana iya ba da magani da ake kira apheresis ko plasmapheresis. Ya ƙunshi cirewa ko toshe furotin, waɗanda ake kira ƙwayoyin cuta, waɗanda ke kai hari ga ƙwayoyin jijiyoyin. Wani magani shine cikin rigakafin rigakafin jini (IVIg). Dukansu jiyya suna haifar da saurin haɓaka, kuma duka suna da tasiri iri ɗaya. Amma babu fa'ida ga amfani da magungunan duka a lokaci guda. Sauran jiyya na taimakawa rage kumburi.

Lokacin da alamun cutar suka yi tsanani, za a buƙaci magani a asibiti. Da alama za a ba da tallafi na numfashi.

Sauran jiyya a asibiti suna mai da hankali kan hana rikitarwa. Waɗannan na iya haɗawa da:

• Masu rage jini domin kiyaye daskarewar jini
• Tallafin numfashi ko bututun numfashi da iska, idan diaphragm yayi rauni
• Magungunan ciwo ko wasu magunguna don magance ciwo
• Matsayi mai kyau na jiki ko bututun ciyarwa don hana yin rauni yayin ciyarwa, idan ƙwayoyin da aka yi amfani da su don haɗiye ba su da ƙarfi
• Jiki na jiki don taimakawa kiyaye haɗin gwiwa da tsokoki lafiya

Waɗannan albarkatun na iya samar da ƙarin bayani game da GBS:

• Guillain-Barré Syndrome Foundation International - www.gbs-cidp.org
• Nationalungiyar forasa don Rare Rashin Lafiya - rarediseases.org/rare-diseases/guillain-barre-syndrome

Saukewa na iya ɗaukar makonni, watanni, ko shekaru. Yawancin mutane suna rayuwa kuma suna murmurewa gaba ɗaya. A cikin wasu mutane, rauni mai rauni na iya ci gaba. Sakamakon zai iya zama mai kyau lokacin da alamun suka tafi a cikin makonni 3 bayan fara farawa.

Matsalolin da ka iya faruwa na GBS sun hada da:

• Matsalar numfashi (gazawar numfashi)
• Raguwa da kyallen takarda a cikin gidajen abinci (kwangila) ko wasu nakasa
• Cloullen jini (thrombosis mai zurfin jijiya) wanda ke samuwa lokacin da mai GBS ba ya aiki ko kuma dole ne ya zauna a kan gado
• Riskarin haɗarin kamuwa da cuta
• Orananan ko rashin karfin jini
• Shan inna cewa shi ne m
• Namoniya
• Lalacewar fata (ulcers)
• Shan iska ko ruwa a cikin huhu

Nemi taimakon likita kai tsaye idan kana da ɗayan waɗannan alamun:

• Matsalar shan dogon numfashi
• Rage ji (jin dadi)
• Rashin numfashi
• Matsalar haɗiyewa
• Sumewa
• Rashin ƙarfi a ƙafafun da ke ƙara lalacewa a kan lokaci

GBS; Ciwon Landry-Guillain-Barré; Ciwon idiopathic polyneuritis; Ciwon polyneuritis; Ciwon cututtukan polyneuropathy; Inflammatoryananan cututtukan cututtukan cututtukan ƙwayoyin cuta; Hawan inna

• Musclesananan tsokoki na baya
• Isar jijiyoyi zuwa ƙashin ƙugu
• Brain da tsarin juyayi

Canjin CWJ. Myasthenia gravis da Guillain-Barré ciwo. A cikin: Parrillo JE, Dellinger RP, eds. Magungunan Kulawa mai mahimmanci: Ka'idojin bincikowa da Gudanarwa a cikin Matasa. 5th ed. Philadelphia, PA: Elsevier; 2019: babi na 61.

Katirji B. Rashin lafiyar jijiyoyi na gefe. A cikin: Daroff RB, Jankovic J, Mazziotta JC, Pomeroy SL, eds. Bradley's Neurology a cikin Clinical Practice. 7th ed. Philadelphia, PA: Elsevier; 2016: babi 107.