Ciwon ƙwayar cuta

Ciwon ƙwayar cuta shine ci gaban mahaukaci a cikin gland. Pituitary karamar glandace a gindin kwakwalwa. Yana daidaita ma'aunin jiki na yawancin hormones.

Mafi yawan cututtukan pituitary ba su da matsala (marasa kyau). Har zuwa 20% na mutane suna da cututtukan pituitary. Yawancin waɗannan ciwace-ciwacen ba sa haifar da alamomi kuma ba a taɓa bincikar su yayin rayuwar mutum.

Pituitary wani bangare ne na tsarin endocrin. Pituitary yana taimaka wajan sakin fitowar homonu daga wasu cututtukan endocrine, kamar su thyroid, gland din jima'i (testes ko ovaries), da kuma adrenal gland. Hakanan pituitary yana sakin homon wanda yake shafar kayan jikin mutum kai tsaye, kamar kasusuwa da glandon nono. Kwayoyin cutar pituitary sun hada da:

• Adrenocorticotropic hormone (ACTH)
• Ci gaban girma (GH)
• Prolactin
• Hormone-stimulating hormone (TSH)
• Luteinizing hormone (LH) da hormone mai motsa jiki (FSH)

Yayinda ciwon kumburin jikin mutum ke tsirowa, ƙwayoyin salula na al'ada na al'ada zasu iya lalacewa. Wannan yana haifar da gland shine yake baya samarda isasshen homonon sa. Wannan yanayin ana kiransa hypopituitarism.

Ba a san musabbabin cututtukan cututtukan pituitary ba. Wasu cututtukan suna haifar da cututtukan gado kamar su endocrine neoplasia I (MEN I).

Sauran cututtukan cututtukan kwakwalwa da ke ci gaba a ɓangaren ƙwaƙwalwar (ƙashin ƙwanƙolin mutum), zai iya haifar da cutar ta pituitary gland, wanda ke haifar da alamun bayyanar.

Wasu cututtukan cututtukan jiki suna haifar da da yawa daga ɗaya ko fiye da hormones. A sakamakon haka, alamun alamun ɗayan ko fiye na waɗannan yanayi na iya faruwa:

• Hyperthyroidism (thyroid gland shine yake yin yawancin homoninta; wannan yanayi ne mai matukar wahala game da cututtukan pituitary)
• Ciwon Cushing (jiki yana da girma sama da matakin al'ada na hormone cortisol)
• Gigantism (haɓakar da ba ta dace ba saboda mafi girma fiye da matakin haɓakar girma na yau da kullun yayin ƙuruciya) ko acromegaly (mafi girma fiye da matakin al'ada na haɓakar girma a cikin manya)
• Ruwan nono da kuma lokacin al'ada ga mata
• Rage aikin jima'i a cikin maza

Kwayar cutar da ke haifar da matsin lamba daga babban ƙwayar cuta na ciki na iya haɗawa da:

• Canje-canje a cikin hangen nesa kamar hangen nesa biyu, asarar filin gani (asarar hangen nesa), faɗuwar ido da idanu ko canje-canje a hangen nesa.
• Ciwon kai.
• Rashin kuzari.
• Hancin magudanar ruwa mai tsabta, mai gishiri.
• Tashin zuciya da amai.
• Matsaloli tare da jin warin.
• A cikin al'amuran da ba safai ba, waɗannan alamun suna faruwa ba zato ba tsammani kuma suna iya zama masu tsanani (pituitary apoplexy).

Mai ba da lafiyar ku zai yi gwajin jiki. Mai ba da sabis ɗin zai lura da duk wata matsala tare da hangen nesa biyu da filin gani, kamar asarar hangen nesa (gefe) ko ikon gani a wasu yankuna.

Jarabawar za ta bincika alamun alamun cortisol da yawa (Cushing syndrome), hormone mai girma da yawa (acromegaly), ko prolactin da yawa (prolactinoma).

Ana iya umartar gwaje-gwaje don bincika aikin endocrine, gami da:

• Matakan Cortisol - gwajin maye gurbin dexamethasone, gwajin fitsari cortisol, gwajin cortisol na salivary
• FSH matakin
• Matsayin haɓakar insulin-1 (IGF-1)
• LHlevel
• Matakan Prolactin
• Matakan testosterone / estradiol
• Matakan hormone na thyroid - gwajin T4 kyauta, gwajin TSH

Gwajin da ke taimakawa tabbatar da cutar sun hada da masu zuwa:

• Filin gani
• MRI na kai

Yin aikin tiyata don cire ƙari yawanci ana buƙata, musamman idan ƙari yana latsawa akan jijiyoyin da ke kula da gani (jijiyoyin gani).

Mafi yawan lokuta, ana iya cire cututtukan pituitary ta hanyar hanci da sinadirai. Idan ba za a iya cire kumburin ta wannan hanyar ba, an cire shi ta cikin kwanyar.

Za'a iya amfani da maganin haskakawa don rage ƙwayar cuta a cikin mutanen da ba za su iya yin tiyata ba. Hakanan za'a iya amfani dashi idan ƙari ya dawo bayan tiyata.

A wasu lokuta, ana ba da magunguna don rage wasu nau'ikan ciwace-ciwace.

Waɗannan albarkatun na iya samar da ƙarin bayani game da ciwace ciwan jiki:

• Cibiyar Cancer ta Kasa - www.cancer.gov/types/pituitary
• Networkungiyar Sadarwar Pituitary - pituitary.org
• Pungiyar Pituitary - www.pituitarysociety.org

Idan za a iya cire ciwon cikin tiyata, yanayin zama ya yi kyau zuwa daidai, ya danganta da ko an cire duka kumburin.

Babban mawuyacin hali shine makanta. Wannan na iya faruwa idan jijiya ta lalace sosai.

Ciwan ciki ko cire shi na iya haifar da rashin daidaituwa na rayuwar rayuwa. Ana iya buƙatar maye gurbin homon ɗin da abin ya shafa, kuma kuna iya buƙatar shan magani har tsawon rayuwar ku.

Tumurai da tiyata na iya lalata wani lokacin na baya (ɓangaren baya na gland). Wannan na iya haifar da ciwon sikari, yanayin da ke da alamomin yawan yin fitsari da ƙishirwa.

Kira mai ba ku sabis idan kun ci gaba da alamun bayyanar cututtukan ƙwayar cuta.

Tumor - pituitary; Penitary adenoma

• Endocrine gland
• Pituitary gland shine yake

Dorsey JF, Salinas RD, Dang M, et al. Ciwon daji na tsarin kulawa na tsakiya. A cikin: Niederhuber JE, Armitage JO, Kastan MB, Doroshow JH, Tepper JE, eds. Abeloff na Clinical Oncology. Na 6 ed. Philadelphia, PA: Elsevier; 2020: babi na 63.

Melmed S, Kleinberg D. Magungunan Pituitary da ciwace-ciwacen daji. A cikin: Melmed S, Polonsky KS, Larsen PR, Kronenberg HM, eds. Littafin Williams na Endocrinology. 13th ed. Philadelphia, PA: Elsevier; 2016: babi na 9.