Delirium

Delirium kwatsam rikicewa ne kwatsam saboda saurin canje-canje a aikin kwakwalwa wanda ke faruwa tare da rashin lafiyar jiki ko ta hankali.

Delirium galibi ana haifar dashi ne ta rashin lafiya ta zahiri ko ta hankali kuma yawanci na ɗan lokaci ne kuma mai juyawa ne. Yawancin rikice-rikice suna haifar da lalacewa.Sau da yawa, waɗannan ba sa ba wa kwakwalwa damar samun iskar oxygen ko wasu abubuwa. Hakanan suna iya haifar da sunadarai masu haɗari (gubobi) su hau cikin kwakwalwa. Delirium na kowa ne a cikin sashin kulawa mai mahimmanci (ICU), musamman ma a cikin tsofaffi.

Dalilin ya hada da:

• Barasa ko shan magani fiye da kima ko janyewa
• Amfani da ƙwayoyi ko ƙari fiye da kima, gami da sanya nutsuwa a cikin ICU
• Wutar lantarki ko wasu rikicewar sunadarai na jiki
• Cututtuka irin su cututtukan fitsari ko ciwon huhu
• Rashin barci mai tsanani
• Guba
• Janar maganin sa barci da tiyata
  

Delirium ya haɗa da canji mai sauri tsakanin yanayin tunanin mutum (misali, daga ƙoshin lafiya zuwa tashin hankali da komawa zuwa gajiya).

Kwayar cutar sun hada da:

• Canje-canje a faɗakarwa (yawanci yawan faɗakarwa da safe, ƙasa da faɗakarwa da dare)
• Canje-canje a cikin ji (abin mamaki) da fahimta
• Canje-canje a matakin sani ko wayewa
• Canje-canje a cikin motsi (alal misali, na iya zama mai saurin motsi ko motsawa)
• Canje-canjen yanayin bacci, bacci
• Rikicewa (rikicewa) game da lokaci ko wuri
• Rage ƙwaƙwalwar ajiyar gajeren lokaci da tunowa
• Tunanin da ba shi da tsari, kamar magana ta hanyar da ba ta da ma'ana
• Canji na motsin rai ko na ɗabi'a, kamar fushi, tashin hankali, ɓacin rai, bacin rai, da yawan farin ciki
• Rashin nutsuwa
• Motsi da aka samu ta hanyar canje-canje a cikin tsarin juyayi
• Matsalar tattara hankali

Gwaje-gwaje masu zuwa na iya samun sakamako mara kyau:

• Binciken tsarin juyayi (binciken neurologic), gami da gwaje-gwajen ji (jin dadi), halin tunani, tunani (aikin fahimi), da aikin motsa jiki
• Nazarin neuropsychological

Hakanan za'a iya yin gwaje-gwaje masu zuwa:

• Gwajin jini da fitsari
• Kirjin x-ray
• Nazarin Cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) (lakaran kashin baya, ko hujin lumbar)
• Kayan lantarki (EEG)
• Shugaban CT scan
• Shugaban MRI scan
• Gwajin halin tunani

Manufar magani ita ce sarrafawa ko juyawa dalilin cutar. Jiyya ya dogara da yanayin da ke haifar da lalacewa. Mutumin na iya bukatar tsayawa a asibiti na wani ɗan gajeren lokaci.

Tsayawa ko canza magunguna waɗanda ke ƙara rikicewa, ko waɗanda ba lallai ba ne, na iya inganta aikin ƙwaƙwalwa.

Ya kamata a magance rikice-rikicen da ke haifar da rikicewa. Waɗannan na iya haɗawa da:

• Anemia
• Rage oxygen (hypoxia)
• Ajiyar zuciya
• Babban matakan carbon dioxide (hypercapnia)
• Cututtuka
• Rashin koda
• Rashin hanta
• Rashin abinci mai gina jiki
• Yanayin tabin hankali (kamar ɓacin rai ko hauka)
• Ciwon cututtukan thyroid

Yin maganin rashin lafiya na likita da na hankali sau da yawa yana inganta aikin tunani.

Ana iya buƙatar magunguna don sarrafa halayya ko halayyar haushi. Wadannan yawanci ana farawa da ƙananan ƙwayoyi kuma ana daidaita su kamar yadda ake buƙata.

Wasu mutanen da ke da cutar hauka na iya cin gajiyar kayan aikin ji, tabarau, ko kuma aikin tiyatar ido.

Sauran jiyya na iya taimaka:

• Gyara halaye don sarrafa rashin yarda ko halaye masu haɗari
• Yanayinta na zahiri don rage rikicewa

M yanayin da ke haifar da delirium na iya faruwa tare da cuta na dogon lokaci (na kullum) wanda ke haifar da lalata. M kwakwalwa syndromes iya zama reversible ta zalunta cikin hanyar.

Delirium yakan ɗauki kusan sati 1. Yana iya ɗaukar makonni da yawa kafin aikin ƙwaƙwalwa ya koma yadda yake. Cikakken dawowa ya zama gama gari, amma ya dogara da mahimmin sanadiyyar hayyacin.

Matsalolin da ka iya haifar da hauka sun haɗa da:

• Rashin ikon aiki ko kula da kai
• Rashin ikon hulɗa
• Ci gaba zuwa wawanci ko suma
• Sakamakon sakamako na magunguna da ake amfani dasu don magance matsalar

Kira mai ba da sabis na kiwon lafiya idan akwai saurin canji a cikin halin ƙwaƙwalwa.

Kula da yanayin da ke haifar da hauka na iya rage haɗarin sa. A cikin mutanen da ke kwance a asibiti, guje wa ko amfani da ƙananan ƙwayoyin maganin kwantar da hankula, saurin magance cututtukan rayuwa da cututtuka, da amfani da shirye-shiryen fuskantarwa na gaskiya zai rage haɗarin ɓatarwa ga waɗanda ke cikin haɗarin gaske.

Babban rikice rikice; Ciwon ƙwaƙwalwar ƙwaƙwalwa

• Tsarin juyayi na tsakiya da tsarin juyayi na gefe
• Brain

Guthrie PF, Rayborn S, Butcher HK. Takaddun ka'idoji na tushen shaida: delirium. J Gerontol Nurs. 2018; 44 (2): 14-24. PMID: 29378075 www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/29378075.

Inouye SK. Delirium a cikin mazan haƙuri. A cikin: Goldman L, Schafer AI, eds. Magungunan Goldman-Cecil. 26th ed. Philadelphia, PA: Elsevier; 2020: babi na 25.

Mendez MF, Padilla CR. Delirium. A cikin: Daroff RB, Jankovic J, Mazziotta JC, Pomeroy SL, eds. Bradley's Neurology a cikin Clinical Practice. 7th ed. Philadelphia, PA: Elsevier; 2016: babi na 4.