Rashin lafiyar rashin ƙarfi

Rashin lafiyar rashin lafiyar jiki yana faruwa yayin da karfin garkuwar jiki ya ragu ko ba ya nan.

Tsarin rigakafi ya ƙunshi ƙwayoyin lymphoid a cikin jiki, wanda ya haɗa da:

• Kashin kashin
• Magungunan Lymph
• Sassan ƙwayoyin ciki da na ciki
• Thymus
• Tonsil

Sunadarai da kwayoyin halitta a cikin jini suma ɓangare ne na garkuwar jiki.

Tsarin rigakafi yana taimakawa kare jiki daga abubuwa masu haɗari da ake kira antigens. Misalan antigens sun hada da kwayoyin cuta, ƙwayoyin cuta, gubobi, ƙwayoyin kansa, da jinin baƙi ko kyallen takarda daga wani mutum ko jinsin.

Lokacin da garkuwar jiki ta gano antigen, sai ta amsa ta hanyar samar da sunadarai da ake kira antibodies wadanda suke lalata abubuwa masu cutarwa. Har ila yau amsawar tsarin rigakafi ya ƙunshi aiwatar da ake kira phagocytosis. A yayin wannan aikin, wasu kwayoyin farin jini suna hadiyewa da lalata kwayoyin cuta da sauran abubuwa na waje. Sunadaran da ake kira taimako tare da wannan aikin.

Rashin lafiyar rashin lafiyar jiki na iya shafar kowane ɓangare na tsarin garkuwar jiki. Mafi sau da yawa, waɗannan yanayin suna faruwa ne yayin da ƙwayoyin jini na musamman da ake kira T ko B lymphocytes (ko duka biyun) basa aiki kullum ko jikinka baya samar da isassun ƙwayoyin cuta.

Rashin lafiyar rashin ƙarancin gado wanda ke shafar ƙwayoyin B sun haɗa da:

• Hypogammaglobulinemia, wanda yawanci yakan haifar da cututtukan numfashi da na ciki
• Agammaglobulinemia, wanda ke haifar da mummunan cututtuka a farkon rayuwa, kuma sau da yawa yana mutuwa

Rashin lafiyar rashin ilimin gado wanda ke shafar ƙwayoyin T na iya haifar da cututtukan Candida (yisti) da yawa. Immunarancin ƙarancin gado ya shafi duka ƙwayoyin T da ƙwayoyin B. Zai iya zama sanadin mutuwa a cikin shekarar farko ta rayuwa idan ba a magance shi da wuri ba.

An ce mutane suna da rigakafin rigakafi lokacin da suke da cuta ta rashin ƙarfi saboda magunguna da ke raunana garkuwar jiki (kamar su corticosteroids). Rigakafin rigakafi shima sakamako ne na gama gari wanda ake bayarwa don magance kansar.

Rashin ƙarancin rigakafin rigakafi na iya zama rikitarwa na cututtuka irin su HIV / AIDS da rashin abinci mai gina jiki (musamman idan mutum bai ci isasshen furotin ba). Yawancin cututtukan daji na iya haifar da ƙarancin kariya.

Mutanen da aka cire maifa a jikinsu suna da matsalar rashin kariya, kuma suna cikin hatsarin kamuwa da wasu kwayoyin cuta wadanda kwayar cutar zata taimaka wajen yaki. Mutanen da ke fama da ciwon sukari suma suna cikin haɗarin kamuwa da wasu cututtuka.

Yayin da kuka tsufa, garkuwar jiki ba zata yi tasiri ba. Kwayoyin rigakafi na jiki (musamman kayan kwayar lymphoid kamar su thymus) sun kankane, kuma adadi da aikin fararen sel din jini sun fadi.

Yanayi da cututtuka masu zuwa na iya haifar da rashin lafiyar rashin ƙarfi:

• Ataxia-telangiectasia
• Haɗa ƙarancin abubuwa
• Ciwan DiGeorge
• Hypogammaglobulinemia
• Ciwon aiki
• Leukocyte lahani na mannewa
• Agammaglobulinemia
• Ciwon Wiskott-Aldrich

Mai ba ku kiwon lafiya na iya tunanin kuna da cutar rashin kariya idan kuna da:

• Cututtuka da ke ci gaba da dawowa ko ba sa tafiya
• Tsananin kamuwa da cuta daga ƙwayoyin cuta ko wasu ƙwayoyin cuta waɗanda yawanci ba sa haifar da kamuwa da cuta mai tsanani

Sauran alamun sun hada da:

• Rashin amsa ga magani don cututtuka
• Jinkirtawa ko rashin dawowa daga rashin lafiya
• Wasu nau'ikan cutar kansa (kamar Kaposi sarcoma ko non-Hodgkin lymphoma)
• Wasu cututtuka (gami da wasu nau'o'in ciwon huhu ko cututtukan yisti da aka maimaita)

Kwayar cutar ta dogara da cutar. Misali, wadanda ke da karancin matakin IgA hade da kananan matakan wasu kananan nau'ikan IgG na iya samun matsalolin da suka shafi huhu, sinus, kunnuwa, makogwaro, da hanyar narkarda abinci.

Gwaje-gwajen da aka yi amfani da su don taimakawa wajen gano rashin lafiyar rashin ƙarfin iya haɗawa da:

• Plementara matakan cikin jini, ko wasu gwaje-gwaje don auna abubuwan da ƙwayoyin cuta ke fitarwa
• Gwajin HIV
• Matakan Immunoglobulin a cikin jini
• Amintaccen electrophoresis (jini ko fitsari)
• T (thymus samu) ƙididdigar lymphocyte
• Cellidayar ƙwayar ƙwayar jini

Manufar magani ita ce kiyaye cututtuka da kuma magance kowace cuta da cututtukan da suke tasowa.

Idan kana da garkuwar garkuwar jiki, ya kamata ka guji cudanya da mutanen da suke da cuta ko cuta mai saurin yaduwa. Wataƙila ku guji mutanen da aka yiwa rigakafin rigakafin ƙwayoyin cuta a cikin makonni 2 da suka gabata.

Idan kun sami kamuwa da cuta, mai ba da sabis ɗinku zai bi da ku da zafin rai. Wannan na iya haɗawa da amfani da maganin rigakafi na dogon lokaci ko magungunan rigakafi don hana cututtuka daga dawowa.

Ana amfani da Interferon don magance cututtukan ƙwayoyin cuta da wasu nau'ikan cutar kansa. Magunguna ne wanda ke sa garkuwar jiki tayi aiki sosai.

Mutanen da ke ɗauke da kwayar cutar HIV / AIDs na iya ɗaukar haɗakar magunguna don rage adadin HIV a cikin tsarin garkuwar jikinsu da inganta rigakafin su.

Mutanen da za su yi shirin cire saifa ya kamata a yi musu rigakafin makonni 2 kafin a yi musu aiki a kan ƙwayoyin cuta kamar Ciwon huhu na Streptococcus kuma Haemophilus mura. Mutanen da ba a ba su rigakafin rigakafin rigakafi ba ko kuma ba su da wata rigakafi da ya kamata su ma su karɓi MMR, da kuma rigakafin cutar kaza. Bugu da kari, ana kuma ba da shawarar mutane su sami jerin rigakafin DTaP ko harbi mai kara kamar yadda ake bukata.

Za'a iya amfani da dashen ƙashi don kula da wasu sharuɗɗan rashin ƙarancin ƙarfi.

Rigakafin wucewa (karɓar ƙwayoyin cuta da wani mutum ko dabba suka yi) wani lokaci ana iya ba da shawarar don hana rashin lafiya bayan an bijirar da ku ga wasu ƙwayoyin cuta ko ƙwayoyin cuta.

Ana iya taimaka wa mutanen da ke da ƙarancin matakan rashin immunoglobulins tare da ƙwayar rigakafi (IVIG), wanda aka bayar ta jijiya.

Wasu cututtukan rashin ƙarancin jiki suna da sauƙi kuma suna haifar da rashin lafiya lokaci zuwa lokaci. Wasu suna da tsanani kuma suna iya mutuwa. Rigakafin rigakafin rigakafi da magunguna ke haifarwa sau da yawa yakan daina idan an dakatar da maganin.

Matsalolin rikice-rikice na rashin kariya na iya haɗawa da:

• Mutuwar lokaci ko ci gaba
• Riskarin haɗarin wasu cututtukan daji ko ƙari
• Riskarin haɗarin kamuwa da cuta

Kira mai ba ku sabis nan da nan idan kun kasance kan ilimin sankarar magani ko corticosteroids kuma kun ci gaba:

• Zazzabi na 100.5 ° F (38 ° C) ko mafi girma
• Tari tare da rashin numfashi
• Ciwon ciki
• Sauran sababbin cututtuka

Jeka dakin gaggawa ko kira lambar gaggawa ta gida (kamar 911) idan kana da taurin kai da ciwon kai tare da zazzabin.

Tuntuɓi mai ba da sabis idan kun maimaita cututtukan yisti ko ɓarkewar baki.

Babu wata sananniyar hanya don hana cututtukan rashin ƙarancin gado. Idan kuna da tarihin iyali na rashin lafiyar rashin ƙarfi, kuna so neman shawarwarin kwayoyin halitta.

Yin jima'i mafi aminci da guje wa raba ruwan jiki na iya taimakawa rigakafin HIV / AIDS. Tambayi mai ba ka magani idan wani magani da ake kira da Truvada ya dace da kai don hana kamuwa da kwayar HIV.

Kyakkyawan abinci mai gina jiki na iya hana ƙarancin ƙarancin abinci da rashin abinci mai gina jiki ya haifar.

Rigakafin rigakafi; Immunodepressed - rashin daidaituwa; Immunosuppressed - rashin daidaituwa; Hypogammaglobulinemia - rashin daidaituwa; Agammaglobulinemia - ƙarancin kariya

• Antibodies

Abbas AK, Lichtman AH, Pillai S. Haɓaka kuma sun sami ƙarancin kariya. A cikin: Abbas AK, Lichtman AH, Pillai S, eds. Kwayar salula da kwayoyin halitta. 9th ed. Philadelphia, PA: Elsevier; 2018: babi na 21.

Bonanni P, Grazzini M, Niccolai G, et al. An ba da shawarar yin rigakafi don marasa lafiya marasa ƙarfi da marasa ƙarfi. Hum Alurar rigakafi. 2017; 13 (2): 359-368. PMID: 27929751 pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/27929751/.

Cunningham-Rundles C. Cutar cututtukan rashin ƙarfi na farko. A cikin: Goldman L, Schafer AI, eds. Magungunan Goldman-Cecil. 26th ed. Philadelphia, PA: Elsevier; 2020: babi na 236.