Tularemia

Tularemia cuta ce ta kwayan cuta a cikin berayen daji. Ana yada kwayoyin ne ga mutane ta hanyar taba nama daga dabbar da ke dauke da cutar. Hakanan za'a iya daukar kwayar cutar ta cakulkuli, cizon kudaje, da sauro.

Kwayar cuta ce ke haifar da Tularemia Francisella tularensis.

Mutane na iya kamuwa da cutar ta hanyar:

• Ciji daga cizon ƙwayar cuta, sauro, ko sauro
• Numfashi cikin datti ko kayan shuka
• Saduwa kai tsaye, ta hanyar hutawa a cikin fata, tare da dabba mai cutar ko gawarsa (galibi zomo, muskrat, beaver, ko squirrel)
• Cin nama mai cutar (ba safai ba)

Rikicin ya fi faruwa a Arewacin Amurka da sassan Turai da Asiya. A Amurka, ana samun wannan cutar sau da yawa a Missouri, Dakota ta Kudu, Oklahoma, da Arkansas. Kodayake barkewar cutar na iya faruwa a Amurka, amma ba safai ba.

Wasu mutane na iya kamuwa da cutar nimoniya bayan numfashi a cikin datti mai cuta ko kayan shuka. Wannan kamuwa da cutar an san ta faruwa ne a gonar Vineyard ta Martha (Massachusetts), inda kwayoyin cuta suke a cikin zomo, raccoons, da skunks.

Kwayar cututtukan suna ci gaba kwana 3 zuwa 5 bayan kamuwa. Rashin lafiyar yakan fara ne farat ɗaya. Yana iya ci gaba har tsawon makonni bayan bayyanar cututtuka sun fara.

Kwayar cutar sun hada da:

• Zazzabi, sanyi, zufa
• Fushin ido (conjunctivitis, idan cutar ta fara a cikin ido)
• Ciwon kai
• Starfin haɗin gwiwa, ciwon tsoka
• Jan wuri a fata, yana girma ya zama ciwo (ulcer)
• Rashin numfashi
• Rage nauyi

Gwaje-gwajen don yanayin sun hada da:

• Al'adar jini ga kwayoyin cuta
• Gwajin jini yana auna karfin garkuwar jiki (kwayoyi) ga kamuwa da cuta (serology for tularemia)
• Kirjin x-ray
• Polymerase sarkar dauki (PCR) gwajin samfurin daga miki

Manufar magani ita ce warkar da cutar tare da maganin rigakafi.

Ana amfani da maganin rigakafin streptomycin da tetracycline don magance wannan kamuwa da cutar. Wani maganin rigakafi, gentamicin, an gwada shi azaman madadin streptomycin. Gentamicin kamar yana da tasiri sosai, amma an yi nazarinsa a cikin ƙananan mutane kawai saboda wannan cuta ce da ba a cika samun ta ba. Ana iya amfani da maganin rigakafin tetracycline da chloramphenicol shi kaɗai, amma yawanci ba zaɓin farko bane.

Tularemia na mutuwa cikin kusan kashi 5% na cututtukan da ba a kula da su, kuma a cikin ƙasa da 1% na maganin da aka kula.

Tularemia na iya haifar da waɗannan rikitarwa:

• Ciwon ƙashi (osteomyelitis)
• Kamuwa da cutar cikin jakar kusa da zuciya (pericarditis)
• Kamuwa da cututtukan membranes da ke rufe kwakwalwa da laka (meningitis)
• Namoniya

Kira mai ba da kiwon lafiya idan alamun cutar sun ɓullo bayan cizon bera, cizon cizon yatsa, ko fallasa ga naman dabbar daji.

Hanyoyin kariya sun hada da sanya safar hannu lokacin yin fatar jiki ko suturar dabbobin daji, da nisantar dabbobi marasa lafiya ko matattu.

Zazzabin zazzaɓi; Zazzabin zomo; Pahvant Valley annoba; Cutar Ohara; Yato-byo (Japan); Lemming zazzabi

• Berayen kaska
• Kaska
• Tick ​​yana saka a cikin fata
• Antibodies
• Kwayar cuta

Penn RL. Francisella tularensis (tularemia). A cikin: Bennett JE, Dolin R, Blaser MJ, eds. Mandell, Douglas, da Bennett's Ka'idoji da Gwajin Cutar Cutar, Updatedaukaka Na Updatedarshe. 8th ed. Philadelphia, PA: Elsevier Saunders; 2015: babi na 229.

Schaffner W. Tularemia da sauran su Francisella cututtuka. A cikin: Goldman L, Schafer AI, eds. Magungunan Goldman-Cecil. 25th ed. Philadelphia, PA: Elsevier Saunders; 2016: babi na 311.