Syphilis

Syphilis cuta ce ta kwayar cuta wacce galibi ake yada ta ta hanyar jima'i.

Syphilis cuta ce mai saurin yaduwa ta hanyar jima'i (STI) wanda kwayar cuta ke haifarwa Treponema pallidum. Wannan kwayar cutar tana haifar da kamuwa da cuta yayin da ta shiga cikin fatar da ta karye ko membobin gamsai, yawanci na al'aura. Mafi yawan lokuta ana kamuwa da cutar ta sifila ta hanyar saduwa da jima'i, kodayake kuma ana iya yada ta ta wasu hanyoyin.

Syphilis na faruwa a duk duniya, galibi a cikin birane. Yawan kamuwa da cuta yana tashi cikin sauri cikin maza masu yin jima'i da maza (MSM). Matasa masu shekaru 20 zuwa 35 sune mafi haɗarin haɗari. Saboda mutane na iya zama ba su da masaniyar cewa suna kamuwa da cutar sikila, jihohi da yawa suna buƙatar gwaje-gwajen cutar syphilis kafin aure. Duk mata masu juna biyu da suka sami kulawa kafin haihuwa ya kamata a binciki cutar ta syphilis don hana kamuwa daga cutar zuwa ga jaririnsu (congenital syphilis).

Syphilis yana da matakai guda uku:

• Cutar syphilis ta farko
• Cutar syphilis
• Tertiary syphilis (ƙarshen lokacin rashin lafiya)

Ba a ganin yadda ake kamuwa da cutar sikandire ta biyu, da babban cutar sankarau, da kuma cututtukan da ake haifa a cikin Amurka kamar sau da yawa a Amurka saboda ilimi, bincike, da kuma magani.

Lokacin shiryawa don farkon cutar syphilis shine kwanaki 14 zuwa 21. Kwayar cututtukan cututtukan fuka na farko sune:

• Arami, ciwon mara mai zafi ko miki (wanda ake kira chancre) akan al'aura, baki, fata, ko dubura wanda yake warkar da kansa cikin sati 3 zuwa 6
• Larin lymph nodes a yankin na ciwon

Kwayoyin suna ci gaba da girma a cikin jiki, amma akwai 'yan alamun har zuwa mataki na biyu.

Alamomin kamuwa da cutar sikila na biyu suna farawa makonni 4 zuwa 8 bayan cutar ta farko. Kwayar cutar na iya haɗawa da:

• Rashin fata, yawanci akan tafin hannu da tafin ƙafa
• Ciwan da ake kira facin mucous a ciki ko kusa da bakin, farji, ko azzakari
• Istwa, facin faci (wanda ake kira condylomata lata) a cikin al'aura ko fatar fata
• Zazzaɓi
• Jin rashin lafiyar gaba ɗaya
• Rashin ci
• Muscle da haɗin gwiwa
• Magungunan kumbura kumbura
• Gani ya canza
• Rashin gashi

Manyan cututtukan syphilis suna tasowa a cikin mutanen da ba a kula da su. Alamomin cutar sun dogara da wane gabobi ne suka kamu. Sun bambanta sosai kuma suna da wahalar tantancewa. Kwayar cutar sun hada da:

• Lalacewa ga zuciya, haifar da cututtukan zuciya ko cutar bawul
• Cutar rikice-rikice ta tsakiya (neurosyphilis)
• Ciwan fata, ƙashi, ko hanta

Mai ba da sabis na kiwon lafiya zai yi gwajin jiki kuma ya yi tambaya game da alamun. Gwajin da za a iya yi sun hada da:

• Binciken ruwa daga ciwo (ba a cika yi ba)
• Echocardiogram, angiogram aortic, da catheterization na zuciya don kallon manyan hanyoyin jini da zuciya
• Toshin kashin baya da kuma binciken ruwa na kashin baya
• Gwajin jini don yin gwajin kwayar cuta ta syphilis (RPR, VDRL, ko AMANA)

Idan gwajin RPR, VDRL, ko TRUST ya tabbata, ɗayan gwaje-gwaje masu zuwa za'a buƙaci don tabbatar da cutar:

• FTA-ABS (gwajin antibody na yau da kullun)
• MHA-TP
• TP-EIA
• TP-PA

Za a iya magance cutar ta syphilis tare da maganin rigakafi, kamar:

• Penicillin G benzathine
• Doxycycline (nau'in tetracycline ne da ake bayarwa ga mutanen da ke rashin lafiyar maganin penicillin)

Tsawon magani ya danganta da yadda cutar sankara ke da wuya, da kuma abubuwa kamar lafiyar mutum gaba ɗaya.

Don magance syphilis yayin daukar ciki, penicillin shine maganin da aka zaɓa. Ba za a iya amfani da Tetracycline don magani ba saboda yana da haɗari ga jaririn da ba a haifa ba. Erythromycin na iya hana hana cututtukan ciki na haihuwa a cikin jariri. Mutanen da ke da rashin lafiyan penicillin ya kamata su zama ba su dace da shi ba, sannan a bi da su da maganin penicillin.

Awanni da yawa bayan samun magani don matakan farko na cutar sankara, mutane na iya fuskantar aikin Jarisch-Herxheimer. Wannan aikin yana faruwa ne ta hanyar maganin rigakafi ga kayayyakin lalacewar kamuwa da cuta kuma ba rashin lafiyan maganin kwayoyin ba.

Kwayar cutar da alamun wannan aikin sun hada da:

• Jin sanyi
• Zazzaɓi
• Jin ciwo na musamman (rashin lafiyar jiki)
• Ciwon kai
• Muscle da haɗin gwiwa
• Ciwan
• Rash

Wadannan cututtukan suna yawan bacewa cikin awanni 24.

Dole ne a ci gaba da bin hanyoyin jini a watanni 3, 6, 12, da 24 don tabbatar da cewa cutar ta tafi. Guji ma'amala ta jima'i lokacin da chancre ya kasance. Yi amfani da kwaroron roba har sai da aka yi gwaje-gwaje biyu na nuna cewa cutar ta warke, don rage damar yada kwayar cutar.

Haka kuma duk masu yin jima'i da wanda ke dauke da cutar ta syphilis ya kamata a kula da su. Syphilis na iya yaduwa cikin sauki a matakin firamare da sakandare.

Za a iya warkar da cutar sikari ta firamare da ta sakandare idan aka gano ta da wuri kuma aka magance ta gaba ɗaya.

Kodayake cutar sikari ta biyu yawanci yakan tafi ne cikin makonni, a wasu lokuta yana iya wucewa har zuwa shekara 1. Ba tare da magani ba, kusan kashi ɗaya bisa uku na mutane za su kamu da cutar ta syphilis.

Marigayi na yau da kullun zai iya zama mai nakasa har abada, kuma yana iya kaiwa ga mutuwa.

Rarraba na syphilis na iya haɗawa da:

• Matsalolin zuciya da jijiyoyin jini (aortitis da aneurysms)
• Ciwan fata da ƙashi (gummas)
• Neurosyphilis
• Syphilitic myelopathy - rikitarwa wanda ke tattare da rauni na tsoka da kuma abubuwan da basu dace ba
• Cutar sankara ta sankarau

Bugu da kari, cutar sikari ta biyu da ba a magance ba yayin daukar ciki na iya yada cutar ga jariri mai tasowa. Wannan shi ake kira syphilis na haihuwa.

Kira ga alƙawari tare da likitan lafiyar ku idan kuna da alamun cutar syphilis.

Har ila yau tuntuɓi mai ba ku sabis, ko kuma a bincika ku a wani asibitin STI idan kuna da:

• Yi ma'amala ta kut-da-kut da wani mutum wanda ke da cutar sankara ko wata cuta ta daban
• Tsunduma cikin duk wasu halayen jima'i masu haɗari, gami da samun abokan tarayya da yawa ko ba a sani ba ko amfani da magungunan ƙwaya

Idan kuna jima'i, kuyi jima'i mafi aminci kuma koyaushe kuyi amfani da robaron roba.

Duk mata masu ciki ya kamata a basu maganin cutar ta syphilis.

Cutar syphilis ta farko; Cutar syphilis ta sakandare; Marigayi na karshe; Babban ilimin syphilis; Treponema - syphilis; Sa'a; Cutar cututtukan jima'i - syphilis; Kamuwa da cutar ta hanyar jima'i - syphilis; STD - syphilis; STI - cutar syphilis

• Cutar syphilis ta farko
• Tsarin haihuwa da na mace
• Syphilis - na biyu a kan dabino
• Marigayi-karshen cutar sikila

Ghanem KG, ƙugiya EW. Syphilis. A cikin: Goldman L, Schafer AI, eds. Magungunan Goldman-Cecil. 26th ed. Philadelphia, PA: Elsevier; 2020: babi na 303.

Radolf JD, Tramont EC, Salazar JC. Syphilis (Treponema pallidum). A cikin: Bennett JE, Dolin R, Blaser MJ, eds. Mandell, Douglas, da Ka'idojin Bennett da Aiwatar da Cututtukan Cutar. 9th ed. Philadelphia, PA: Elsevier; 2020: babi na 237.

Stary G, Stary A. Kamuwa da cututtukan jima'i. A cikin: Bolognia JL, Schaffer JV, Cerroni L, eds. Dermatology. 4th ed. Philadelphia, PA: Elsevier; 2018: babi na 82.