Rashin ciwo

Down syndrome wani yanayi ne na kwayar halitta wanda mutum yake da chromosomes 47 maimakon 46 da aka saba.

A mafi yawan lokuta, Ciwan Down yana faruwa ne lokacin da akwai ƙarin kwafin chromosome 21. Wannan nau'in ciwo na Down ana kiransa trisomy 21. extraarin chromosome yana haifar da matsaloli game da yadda jiki da kwakwalwa ke haɓaka.

Rashin ciwo na ƙasa shine ɗayan sanannun sanadin lahani na haihuwa.

Symptomsananan cututtukan cututtuka suna bambanta daga mutum zuwa mutum kuma yana iya kasancewa daga mai sauƙi zuwa mai tsanani. Komai tsananin yanayin da yanayin yake, mutanen da ke fama da rashin lafiya suna da fitaccen sanannen bayyanar.

Kai na iya zama karami fiye da yadda yake da kyau kuma ba a tsara shi ba. Misali, kan na iya zama zagaye tare da yanki mai fadi a bayansa. Cornerawon cikin ido na iya zama zagaye maimakon nunawa.

Alamun jiki na yau da kullun sun haɗa da:

• Rage sautin tsoka yayin haihuwa
• Fata mai wuyar wuyan wuyan wuyan
• Hancin hanci
• Wuraren da aka keɓe tsakanin ƙasusuwan kwanyar (sutura)
• Creirƙira guda ɗaya a tafin hannu
• Kananan kunnuwa
• Moutharamin bakin
• Idanuwan da ke sama sama
• M, gajerun hannaye masu gajerun yatsu
• Farin launuka akan sashin launuka masu launi (Brushfield spots)

Ci gaban jiki yakan fi hankali fiye da yadda yake. Yawancin yara da ke fama da cutar rashin lafiya ba sa taɓa kai matsayin manya.

Hakanan yara na iya jinkirta ci gaban tunani da zamantakewar su. Matsaloli na yau da kullun na iya haɗawa da:

• Halin motsa jiki
• Rashin yanke hukunci
• An gajeren hankali
• Sannu a hankali ilmantarwa

Yayinda yara masu fama da rashin lafiya ke girma kuma suka fahimci gazawar su, suma suna iya jin takaici da fushi.

Yawancin yanayi daban-daban na likita ana ganin su a cikin mutanen da ke fama da ciwo na Down, ciki har da:

• Laifin haihuwa wanda ya shafi zuciya, kamar nakasar jijiyoyin atrial ko kuma raunin ɓarin ciki
• Ana iya ganin tabin hankali
• Matsalar ido, irin su cutar ido (yawancin yara masu cutar Down syndrome suna buƙatar tabarau)
• Yin amai da wuri da yawa, wanda yana iya zama alama ce ta toshewar hanji, kamar su ciwan ƙoshin ciki da atodia duodenal
• Matsalar sauraro, mai yuwuwa ne sakamakon cututtukan kunne da aka maimaita
• Matsalolin hip da haɗarin rabuwa
• Matsalar maƙarƙashiya na dogon lokaci (na yau da kullun)
• Mutuwar bacci (saboda bakin, maƙogwaro, da kuma hanyar iska sun kasance kunkuntar cikin yara masu cutar Down syndrome)
• Hakora da suka bayyana daga baya fiye da yadda aka saba kuma a wani wuri wanda ka iya haifar da matsala da taunawa
• Rashin maganin thyroid (hypothyroidism)

Likita yakan iya yin binciken rashin lafiyar Down a lokacin haihuwa dangane da yadda jaririn yake. Dikita na iya jin gunaguni na zuciya yayin sauraron kirjin jariri tare da stethoscope.

Za a iya yin gwajin jini don bincika ƙarin chromosome da tabbatar da ganewar asali.

Sauran gwaje-gwajen da za'a iya yi sun haɗa da:

• Echocardiogram da ECG don bincika lahani na zuciya (yawanci ana yin su jim kaɗan bayan haihuwa)
• X-ray na kirji da kuma gastrointestinal tract

Mutanen da ke fama da cutar ciwo suna buƙatar a bincika su sosai don wasu yanayin kiwon lafiya. Ya kamata su sami:

• Binciken ido a kowace shekara yayin yarinta
• Gwajin ji a kowane watanni 6 zuwa 12, ya danganta da shekaru
• Nazarin hakori kowane watanni 6
• X-ray na sama ko na mahaifa a tsakanin shekaru 3 da 5
• Pap smears da pelvic exams farawa a lokacin balaga ko ta shekaru 21
• Gwajin thyroid a kowane watanni 12

Babu takamaiman magani don rashin ciwo na Down. Idan ana bukatar magani, yawanci ana danganta shi da matsalolin rashin lafiya. Misali, yaron da aka haifa da toshewar hanji na iya buƙatar babban tiyata bayan haihuwa. Wasu lahani na zuciya na iya buƙatar tiyata.

Lokacin ciyar da nono, jariri ya kamata ya zama mai tallafi sosai kuma ya farka. Jaririn na iya ɗan malalewa saboda rashin kulawar harshe. Amma jarirai da yawa masu fama da cutar rashin lafiya suna iya samun nasarar shayarwa.

Kiba zai iya zama matsala ga yara da manya. Samun yalwar aiki da guje wa abinci mai yawan kalori suna da mahimmanci. Kafin fara ayyukan wasanni, ya kamata a binciki wuyan yaron da kwatangwalo.

Horar da ɗabi'a na iya taimaka wa mutanen da ke fama da cutar rashin lafiya da danginsu don magance damuwa, fushi, da halayyar tilastawa da ke faruwa sau da yawa. Iyaye da masu kulawa ya kamata su koya don taimaka wa mutumin da ke fama da rashin lafiya ya magance damuwa. A lokaci guda, yana da mahimmanci a karfafa 'yanci.

'Yan mata matasa da mata masu fama da cutar rashin lafiya suna iya ɗaukar ciki. Akwai haɗarin haɗari ga lalata da wasu nau'ikan cin zarafin maza da mata. Yana da mahimmanci ga waɗanda ke da cutar Down zuwa:

• A koya muku game da daukar ciki da kuma yin taka tsantsan
• Koyi yin shawarwari don kansu a cikin mawuyacin yanayi
• Kasance cikin yanayi mai aminci

Idan mutum yana da lahani na zuciya ko wasu matsalolin zuciya, ana iya ba da magungunan rigakafi don hana kamuwa da ciwon zuciya da ake kira endocarditis.

Ana ba da ilimi na musamman da horo a yawancin al'ummomi don yara tare da jinkiri a ci gaban hankali. Maganganun magana na iya taimakawa inganta ƙwarewar harshe. Jiki na jiki na iya koyar da dabarun motsi. Maganin sana'a na iya taimakawa tare da ciyarwa da aiwatar da ayyuka. Kula da lafiyar hankali na iya taimaka wa iyaye da yaron don magance matsalolin yanayi. Hakanan ana yawan buƙatar masu ilimi na musamman.

Abubuwan da ke gaba na iya ba da ƙarin bayani game da Ciwon Down:

• Cibiyoyin Kula da Rigakafin Cututtuka - www.cdc.gov/ncbddd/birthdefects/downsyndrome.html
• Downungiyar Downungiyar Ciwon Downasa ta Kasa - www.ndss.org
• National Down Syndrome Congress - www.ndsccenter.org
• NIH Tsarin Gida na Gida - ghr.nlm.nih.gov/condition/down-syndrome

Kodayake yara da yawa da ke fama da rashin lafiya suna da iyakancewa ta jiki da ta hankali, za su iya rayuwa mai zaman kanta da wadatar rayuwa har zuwa girma.

Kimanin rabin yaran da ke fama da ciwo na Down suna haifuwa ne tare da matsalolin zuciya, gami da ɓoyewar ɗakunan ɗakuna, raunin ɓoyayyiyar hanji, da kuma nakasar matashin da ke ciki Tsananin matsalolin zuciya na iya haifar da saurin mutuwa.

Mutanen da ke fama da rashin lafiya suna da ƙarin haɗari ga wasu nau'ikan cutar sankarar bargo, wanda kuma na iya haifar da mutuwa da wuri.

Matsayin rashin ilimin hankali ya bambanta, amma yawanci matsakaici ne. Manya da ke fama da cutar rashin lafiya suna da haɗarin kamuwa da cutar mantuwa.

Ya kamata a tuntubi mai ba da kiwon lafiya don sanin ko yaron na buƙatar ilimi na musamman da horo. Yana da mahimmanci yaro ya riƙa duba lafiyarsa tare da likita.

Masana sun ba da shawarar ba da shawara kan kwayar halitta ga mutanen da ke da tarihin iyali na Down syndrome da ke son haihuwa.

Hadarin mace na samun ɗa mai cutar Down syndrome na ƙaruwa yayin da ta tsufa. Haɗarin yana da girma sosai tsakanin mata masu shekaru 35 zuwa sama.

Ma'auratan da suka riga sun sami ɗa mai fama da cutar Down Down suna da haɗarin samun wani jaririn da yanayin.

Gwaje-gwaje kamar su nuchal translucency duban dan tayi, amniocentesis, ko chorionic villus Sampleling za a iya yi a kan tayi a lokacin fewan watannin farko na ciki don bincika cutar ta Down.

Trisomy 21

Bacino CA, Lee B. Cytogenetics. A cikin: Kliegman RM, St. Geme JW, Blum NJ, Shah SS, Tasker RC, Wilson KM, eds. Nelson Littafin koyar da ilimin yara. 21st ed. Philadelphia, PA: Elsevier; 2020: babi na 98.

Driscoll DA, Simpson JL, Holzgreve W, Otano L. Binciken kwayar halitta da ganewar asali A cikin: Gabbe SG, Niebyl JR, Simpson JL, et al, eds. Obetetrics: Ciki da Ciki. 7th ed. Philadelphia, PA: Elsevier; 2017: babi na 10.

Nussbaum RL, McInnes RR, Willard HF. Kwayar halittar chromosomal da asalin halittar cuta: rikicewar yanayin rashin daidaito da kuma chromosomes na jima'i. A cikin: Nussbaum RL, McInnes RR, Willard HF, eds. Thompson da Thompson Genetics a Magunguna. 8th ed. Philadelphia, PA: Elsevier; 2016: babi na 6.