Cutar Hirschsprung

Cutar Hirschsprung itace toshe babban hanji. Yana faruwa ne saboda mummunan motsi na tsoka a cikin hanji. Yanayi ne na haihuwa, wanda ke nufin ya kasance daga haihuwa.

Mutuwar jijiyoyi a cikin hanji suna taimakawa narkewar abinci da ruwa suna motsawa ta hanji. Wannan ake kira peristalsis. Jijiyoyi tsakanin matakan tsokoki suna haifar da nakudar.

A cikin cutar Hirschsprung, jijiyoyi sun ɓace daga wani ɓangare na hanji. Yankunan da ba tare da waɗannan jijiyoyi ba zasu iya tura abu ta hanya. Wannan yana haifar da toshewa. Abubuwan cikin hanji sun ginu a bayan toshewar. Hanji da ciki sun kumbura sakamakon.

Cutar Hirschsprung tana haifar da kusan kashi 25% na dukkan cututtukan hanji da aka haifa. Yana faruwa sau 5 sau da yawa a cikin maza fiye da na mata. Cututtukan Hirschsprung wasu lokuta ana danganta su da wasu al'adun gado ko na haihuwa, kamar Down syndrome.

Kwayar cututtukan da ka iya kasancewa a jarirai da jarirai sun hada da:

• Matsala tare da motsa hanji
• Rashin wucewar meconium jim kadan bayan haihuwa
• Rashin samun kujerun farko a cikin awanni 24 zuwa 48 bayan haihuwa
• Ba safai ba amma kujerun fashewa
• Jaundice
• Rashin ciyarwa
• Rashin nauyin nauyi
• Amai
• Zawo na ruwa (a cikin jariri)

Kwayar cututtuka a cikin yara mafi girma:

• Maƙarƙashiya da take ƙara muni a hankali
• Tasirin tasiri
• Rashin abinci mai gina jiki
• Sannu a hankali
• Ciki ya kumbura

Ba za a iya bincikar ƙananan larura har sai jaririn ya girma.

Yayin gwajin jiki, mai ba da kiwon lafiya na iya jin madaukai na hanji a cikin kumburin ciki. Gwajin dubura na iya bayyanar da muryar tsoka a cikin jijiyoyin dubura.

Gwaje-gwajen da aka yi amfani da su don gano cutar Hirschsprung na iya haɗawa da:

• X-ray na ciki
• Manometry na dubura (ana zura balan-balan a cikin duburar don auna matsa lamba a yankin)
• Barium enema
• Kwayar halittar ciki

Hanyar da ake kira ban ruwa ta bayan fage na taimakawa rage matsin lamba a cikin (decompress) cikin hanji.

Dole ne a fitar da ɓangaren mahaukaci na hanji ta amfani da tiyata. Mafi yawanci, ana cire dubura da kuma ɓangaren mahaifa. Lafiyayyen sashin uwar hanji sai a ja shi a liƙe a dubura.

Wasu lokuta ana iya yin hakan a cikin aiki ɗaya. Koyaya, ana yin shi sau biyu. An fara yin gyaran fata. Sauran ɓangaren aikin ana yin shi daga baya a cikin shekarar farko ta yaro.

Kwayar cutar ta inganta ko tafi cikin yawancin yara bayan tiyata. Aananan mayananan yara na iya samun maƙarƙashiya ko matsalolin sarrafa sanduna (rashin saurin ciki). Yaran da suka sami kulawa da wuri ko kuma waɗanda ke da gajeriyar ɓangaren hanji da ke ciki suna da kyakkyawan sakamako.

Matsaloli na iya haɗawa da:

• Kumburi da kamuwa da hanji (enterocolitis) na iya faruwa kafin a yi tiyata, kuma wani lokacin a cikin shekaru 1 zuwa 2 na farko daga baya. Kwayar cututtukan suna da tsanani, gami da kumburin ciki, gudawa mai ƙamshi, ƙoshin lafiya, da rashin cin abinci.
• Lalacewa ko fashewar hanji.
• Shortananan cututtukan hanji, yanayin da zai haifar da rashin abinci mai gina jiki da rashin ruwa a jiki.

Kira mai ba da yaron idan:

• Childanka ya kamu da alamun cutar Hirschsprung
• Yaronku yana da ciwon ciki ko wasu sababbin alamomi bayan an kula da shi don wannan yanayin

Mai haihuwa megacolon

Bass LM, Wershil BK. Anatomy, histology, embryology, da rashin ci gaban ƙananan hanji da ƙanana. A cikin: Feldman M, Friedman LS, Brandt LJ, eds. Sleisenger da cututtukan hanta da cutar Fordtran: Pathophysiology / Diagnosis / Management. 10 ed. Philadelphia, PA: Elsevier Saunders; 2016: babi na 98.

Kliegman RM, St Geme JW, Blum NJ, Shah SS, Tasker RC, Wilson KM. Rashin lafiyar motsa jiki da cutar Hirschsprung. A cikin: Kliegman RM, St Geme JW, Blum NJ, Shah SS, Tasker RC, Wilson KM, eds. Nelson Littafin koyar da ilimin yara. 21st ed. Philadelphia, PA: Elsevier; 2020: babi na 358.