Parathyroid cutar hyperplasia

Parathyroid hyperplasia shine fadada dukkanin gland na parathyroid 4. Glandan parathyroid suna cikin wuyansa, kusa ko haɗe da gefen gefen glandar thyroid.

Kwayoyin parathyroid suna taimakawa sarrafa alli da cirewa ta jiki. Suna yin wannan ta hanyar samar da kwayar parathyroid (PTH). PTH yana taimakawa sarrafa alli, phosphorus, da matakan bitamin D a cikin jini kuma yana da mahimmanci ga ƙoshin lafiya.

Parathyroid hyperplasia na iya faruwa a cikin mutane ba tare da tarihin iyali na cutar ba, ko kuma wani ɓangare na cututtukan 3 da aka gada:

• Yawancin endoprine neoplasia I (MEN I)
• MAZA IIA
• Haɗin kai na dangi wanda ya keɓance

A cikin mutanen da ke fama da cututtukan cututtukan gado, an canza asalin (maye gurbin) asalin ta cikin dangi. Kuna buƙatar samun kwayar halitta daga mahaifa ɗaya don haɓaka yanayin.

• A cikin MEN I, matsaloli a cikin gland na parathyroid suna faruwa, kazalika da ciwace-ciwace a cikin gland na pituitary da pancreas.
• A cikin MEN IIA, yawan aiki na gland na parathyroid yana faruwa, tare da ciwace-ciwace a cikin adrenal ko glandon gland.

Parathyroid hyperplasia wanda ba wani ɓangare na cututtukan da aka gada ba yafi yawaita. Yana faruwa ne saboda wasu yanayin kiwon lafiya. Yanayi na yau da kullun waɗanda zasu iya haifar da hyperplasia parathyroid sune cututtukan koda da na rashi bitamin D. A lokuta biyun, cututtukan parathyroid sun kara girma saboda matakan bitamin D da alli sun yi kadan.

Kwayar cutar na iya haɗawa da:

• Kashewar kashi ko ciwon kashi
• Maƙarƙashiya
• Rashin kuzari
• Ciwon tsoka
• Ciwan

Za a yi gwajin jini don bincika matakan:

• Alli
• Phosphorus
• Magnesium
• PTH
• Vitamin D
• Ayyukan koda (Creatinine, BUN)

Za'a iya yin gwajin fitsari na tsawon awanni 24 domin sanin yadda ake tace sinadarin calcium daga jiki zuwa cikin fitsarin.

Ragewar xari da gwajin yawaitar kashi (DXA) na iya taimakawa wajen gano karaya, asarar kashi, da laushin kashi. Ana iya yin duban dan tayi da CT scans don duba glandon parathyroid a wuya.

Idan kwayar cutar parathyroid hyperplasia ta kasance saboda cututtukan koda ko ƙarancin bitamin D kuma an same shi da wuri, mai ba ku sabis zai iya ba da shawarar ku sha bitamin D, ƙwayoyin bitamin D-da sauran magunguna.

Yin aikin tiyata yawanci ana yin sa yayin da gland na parathyroid ke samar da PTH mai yawa da haifar da bayyanar cututtuka. Yawancin lokaci 3 1/2 gland an cire. Sauran nama za'a iya dasa su a cikin gaban goshin ko wuyan wuya. Wannan yana ba da damar sauƙaƙa zuwa ga nama idan bayyanar cututtuka ta dawo. An sanya wannan ƙwayar don hana jiki samun ƙananan PTH, wanda zai iya haifar da ƙananan ƙwayoyin calcium (daga hypoparathyroidism).

Bayan tiyata, babban matakin alli na iya ci gaba ko dawowa. Yin tiyata na iya haifar da hypoparathyroidism wani lokacin, wanda ke sa matakin ƙwayar allurar jini ya yi ƙasa sosai.

Parathyroid hyperplasia na iya haifar da hyperparathyroidism, wanda ke haifar da karuwa a matakin alli na jini.

Matsalolin sun hada da karin alli a cikin kodan, wanda zai iya haifar da dutsen koda, da kuma osteitis fibrosa cystica (wuri mai laushi, mai rauni a cikin kasusuwa).

Yin aikin tiyata a wasu lokuta na iya lalata jijiyoyin da ke kula da muryar murya. Wannan na iya shafar ƙarfin muryar ku.

Matsaloli na iya haifar da wasu cututtukan ƙwayoyin cuta waɗanda ke cikin ɓangaren cututtukan MEN.

Kira mai ba da sabis idan:

• Kuna da alamun bayyanar cutar hypercalcemia
• Kuna da tarihin iyali na cutar NAMIJI

Idan kuna da tarihin iyali na rashin lafiyar MEN, kuna so ayi binciken kwayar halitta don bincika asalin larurar. Waɗanda ke da lalatacciyar ƙwayar cuta na iya samun gwajin gwaji na yau da kullun don gano kowane alamun bayyanar.

Landsara girman glandon parathyroid; Osteoporosis - parathyroid cutar hyperplasia; Thinarfafa ƙashi - parathyroid hyperplasia; Osteopenia - parathyroid cutar hyperplasia; Babban matakin alli - parathyroid hyperplasia; Ciwon koda na kullum - parathyroid hyperplasia; Rashin koda - parathyroid hyperplasia; Othractive parathyroid - parathyroid cutar hyperplasia

• Endocrine gland
• Parathyroid gland

Reid LM, Kamani D, Randolph GW. Gudanar da cututtukan parathyroid. A cikin: Flint PW, Francis HW, Haughey BH, et al, eds. Cummings Otolaryngology: Ciwon kai da wuya. 7th ed. Philadelphia, PA: Elsevier; 2021: babi na 123.

Thakker RV. Kwayoyin parathyroid, hypercalcemia da hypocalcemia. A cikin: Goldman L, Schafer AI, eds. Magungunan Goldman-Cecil. 26th ed. Philadelphia, PA: Elsevier; 2020: babi na 232.