Ystwayar tsoka

Muscle dystrophy rukuni ne na cututtukan gado waɗanda ke haifar da rauni na tsoka da asarar tsoka, wanda ya zama mafi muni tsawon lokaci.

Muscle dystrophies, ko MD, rukuni ne na yanayin gado. Wannan yana nufin an wuce dasu ta wurin dangi. Suna iya faruwa a yarinta ko girma. Akwai nau'ikan nau'ikan dystrophy na muscular. Sun hada da:

• Becker murdede dystrophy
• Duchenne dystrophy na muscular
• Emery-Dreifuss muscular dystrophy
• Facystcapulohumeral muscular dystrophy
• Ystarƙwarar murfin muscular dystrophy
• Oystlopharyngeal murdede dystrophy
• Myotonic murdede dystrophy

Ystwayar ƙwayar jijiyoyin jiki na iya shafar manya, amma siffofin da suka fi tsananta suna faruwa ne tun suna yara.

Kwayar cutar ta bambanta tsakanin nau'ikan cututtukan ƙwayoyin cuta. Dukkanin tsokoki na iya tasiri. Ko kuma, takamaiman ƙungiyoyi na tsokoki na iya shafar, kamar waɗanda ke kewaye da ƙashin ƙugu, kafada, ko fuska. Rashin rauni na tsoka a hankali yana ƙara muni kuma alamun cututtuka na iya haɗawa da:

• Layedaddamar da ci gaba na ƙwarewar motar tsoka
• Matsala ta amfani da ɗaya ko fiye da kungiyoyin tsoka
• Rushewa
• Fuskar ido (ptosis)
• Yawan faduwa
• Rashin ƙarfi a cikin tsoka ko rukuni na tsokoki yayin girma
• Asara a cikin girman tsoka
• Matsalar tafiya (jinkirta tafiya)

Rashin hankali na hankali yana cikin wasu nau'ikan ƙwayoyin cuta.

Binciken jiki da tarihin likitanku zasu taimaka wa mai ba da kiwon lafiya ƙayyade nau'in dystrophy na muscular. Groupsungiyoyin tsoka na musamman sun shafi nau'ikan nau'ikan dystrophy na muscular.

Jarabawar na iya nuna:

• Abun baya mai lankwasa (scoliosis)
• Hadin gwiwar hadin gwiwa (kwancen kafa, hannun hannu, ko wasu)
• Muscleananan ƙwayar tsoka (hypotonia)

Wasu nau'ikan dystrophy na muscular sun haɗa da ƙwayar zuciya, yana haifar da cardiomyopathy ko mahaukaciyar ƙwayar zuciya (arrhythmia).

Sau da yawa, ana samun asarar tsoka (asara). Wannan na iya zama da wahalar gani saboda wasu nau'ikan dystrophy na muscular suna haifar da tarin kitse da kayan haɗin kai wanda ke sa tsoka ta zama ta fi girma. Wannan ana kiran sa pseudohypertrophy.

Ana iya amfani da biopsy na tsoka don tabbatar da ganewar asali. A wasu lokuta, gwajin jinin DNA na iya zama duk abin da ake buƙata.

Sauran gwaje-gwaje na iya haɗawa da:

• Gwajin zuciya - ilimin lantarki (ECG)
• Gwajin jijiyoyi - gudanarwar jijiyoyi da lantarki (EMG)
• Fitsari da gwajin jini, gami da matakin CPK
• Gwajin kwayoyin halitta don wasu nau'ikan ƙwayoyin cuta

Babu sanannun magani ga ƙwayoyin cuta daban-daban. Manufar magani ita ce sarrafa alamun.

Jiki na jiki na iya taimakawa wajen kiyaye ƙarfi da aiki. Braafafun kafa da keken guragu na iya haɓaka motsi da kula da kai. A wasu lokuta, tiyata akan kashin baya ko ƙafafu na iya taimakawa inganta aiki.

Corticosteroids da aka sha ta baki ana sanya wasu lokuta ga yara tare da wasu dystrophies na muscular don kiyaye su tafiya har tsawon lokacin da zai yiwu.

Ya kamata mutum ya kasance mai aiki yadda ya kamata. Babu wani aiki kwata-kwata (kamar gadon kwanciya) na iya sa cutar ta yi muni.

Wasu mutanen da ke da rauni na numfashi na iya cin gajiyar na'urori don taimakawa numfashi.

Kuna iya sauƙaƙa damuwar rashin lafiya ta hanyar shiga ƙungiyar tallafi inda membobi ke raba abubuwan da suka dace da matsaloli.

Tsananin rashin lafiya ya dogara da nau'in dystrophy na muscular. Duk nau'ikan dystrophy na muscular sannu a hankali yana ƙara muni, amma yadda saurin hakan ke faruwa ya bambanta sosai.

Wasu nau'ikan dystrophy na muscular, kamar su Duchenne dystrophy na muscular a cikin yara maza, suna da kisa. Sauran nau'ikan suna haifar da ƙaramar nakasa kuma mutane suna da tsawon rayuwa.

Kira mai ba da sabis idan:

• Kuna da alamun cututtukan tsoka.
• Kuna da tarihin kai ko na iyali na dystrophy na muscular kuma kuna shirin samun yara.

Ana ba da shawara game da kwayar halitta lokacin da akwai tarihin iyali na dystrophy na muscular. Mata na iya rashin alamun cuta, amma har yanzu suna ɗauke da kwayar cutar. Ana iya gano dystrophy na mushen Duchenne tare da kimanin kashi 95% na daidaito ta hanyar binciken kwayar halitta da aka yi yayin daukar ciki.

Myopathy da aka gada; MD

• Musclesananan tsokoki na baya
• Musclesananan tsokoki na gaba
• Tendons da tsokoki
• Musclesananan tsokoki na kafa

Bharucha-Goebel DX. Musical dystrophies. A cikin: Kliegman RM, St. Geme JW, Blum NJ, Shah SS, Tasker RC, Wilson KM, eds. Nelson Littafin koyar da ilimin yara. 21st ed. Philadelphia, PA: Elsevier; 2020: babi na 627.

Selcen D. Cututtukan tsoka. A cikin: Goldman L, Schafer AI, eds. Magungunan Goldman-Cecil. 26th ed. Philadelphia, PA: Elsevier; 2020: babi 393.