Cutar-maganin cuta

Cututtukan da ke dauke da kwayoyi (GVHD) wani lamari ne mai barazanar rayuwa wanda zai iya faruwa bayan wasu kwayoyin kwayar halitta ko dasashi da aka samu.

GVHD na iya faruwa bayan ɓacin ƙashi, ko tantanin halitta, dasawa wanda wani ya karɓi naman kashin ƙashi ko ƙwayoyin daga mai bayarwa. Wannan nau'in dasawa ana kiransa allogeneic. Sabbin, kwayoyin dasawa suna daukar jikin mai karban a matsayin baƙon. Lokacin da wannan ya faru, ƙwayoyin suna afkawa jikin mai karɓa.

GVHD baya faruwa yayin da mutane suka karɓi ƙwayoyin kansu. Wannan nau'in dasa shi ake kira autologous.

Kafin dasawa, ana duba tsoka da sel daga yiwuwar masu bayarwa don ganin yadda suka dace da wanda ake karba. GVHD ba zai iya faruwa ba, ko kuma alamun bayyanar za su fi sauƙi, idan wasan ya kusa. Damar GVHD ita ce:

• Kusan 35% zuwa 45% lokacin da mai bayarwa da mai karɓa suna da alaƙa
• Kusan 60% zuwa 80% lokacin da mai bayarwa da mai karɓa ba su da alaƙa

Akwai nau'ikan GVHD iri biyu: mai tsanani da na kullum. Kwayar cututtuka a cikin GVHD mai tsanani da na yau da kullun daga mai sauƙi zuwa mai tsanani.

Cutar GVHD mai ɗumbin yawa yakan faru ne a cikin kwanaki ko kuma kusan ƙarshen watanni 6 bayan dasawa. Tsarin rigakafi, fata, hanta, da hanji galibi sun fi cutuwa. Acuteananan bayyanar cututtuka sun haɗa da:

• Ciwon ciki ko naƙuda, jiri, amai, da gudawa
• Jaundice (canza launin rawaya na fata ko idanu) ko wasu matsalolin hanta
• Rashin fata, ƙaiƙayi, jan launi a wuraren fata
• Riskarin haɗari ga cututtuka

GVHD na yau da kullun yakan fara sama da watanni 3 bayan dasawa, kuma zai iya rayuwa tsawon rayuwa. Symptomsananan bayyanar cututtuka na iya haɗawa da:

• Bushewar idanu, jin zafi, ko hangen nesa
• Bushewar baki, fararen faci a cikin bakin, da kuma jin daɗin abinci mai yaji
• Gajiya, raunin tsoka, da ciwo mai tsanani
• Hadin gwiwa ko taurin kai
• Fushin fata tare da tashe, wuraren da ba su canza launi ba, da kuma matse fata ko kauri
• Rashin numfashi saboda lalacewar huhu
• Rashin farji
• Rage nauyi
• Rage kwararar bile daga hanta
• Gashi mai laushi da tsufa da wuri
• Lalacewa ga gland din gumi
• Cytopenia (rage yawan ƙwayoyin jinin girma)
• Pericarditis (kumburi a cikin membrane da ke kewaye da zuciya; yana haifar da ciwon kirji)

Za a iya yin gwaje-gwaje da gwaje-gwaje da yawa don tantancewa da sa ido kan matsalolin da GVHD ya haifar. Waɗannan na iya haɗawa da:

• X-ray ciki
• CT duba ciki da kirjin CT
• Gwajin aikin hanta
• PET scan
• MRI
• Osaramin maganin ƙwaƙwalwa
• Gwajin hanta

Biopsy na fata, ƙwayoyin mucous a cikin bakin, na iya taimakawa don tabbatar da ganewar asali.

Bayan dasawa, mai karban magani yawanci yakan sha magunguna, kamar su prednisone (wani steroid), wanda yake dakile garkuwar jiki. Wannan yana taimakawa rage damar (ko tsanani) na GVHD.

Za ku ci gaba da shan magunguna har sai mai ba ku kiwon lafiya yana tunanin haɗarin GVHD ya yi ƙasa. Yawancin waɗannan magungunan suna da illa, haɗe da lalata koda da hanta. Kuna da gwaje-gwaje na yau da kullun don kallon waɗannan matsalolin.

Outlook ya dogara da tsananin GVHD. Mutanen da ke karɓar kayan haɗin ƙashi da ƙwayoyin cuta yawanci suna yin mafi kyau.

Wasu lokuta na GVHD na iya lalata hanta, huhu, hanyar narkewa, ko wasu gabobin jiki. Hakanan akwai haɗarin kamuwa da cuta mai tsanani.

Yawancin lokuta na GVHD mai tsanani ko na yau da kullun ana iya magance su cikin nasara. Amma wannan baya bada garantin cewa dasa dashi da kansa zaiyi nasarar magance asalin cutar.

Idan kun sami dusar ƙashi, kira mai ba ku nan da nan idan kun ci gaba da alamun GVHD ko wasu alamomin da ba a saba gani ba.

GVHD; Dashen kasusuwan kasusuwa - dasa-da-mai karbar bakuncin cuta; Tsarin dasa kara - dasa-da-mai karbar bakuncin cuta; Dasawar Allogeneic - GVHD

• Marashin kashin kashi - fitarwa

• Antibodies

Bishop MR, Keating A. Hematopoietic yana kara dasa kwayar halitta. A cikin: Goldman L, Schafer AI, eds. Magungunan Goldman-Cecil. 26th ed. Philadelphia, PA: Elsevier; 2020: babi na 168.

Im A, Pavletic SZ. Tsarin dashen Hematopoietic. A cikin: Niederhuber JE, Armitage JO, Kastan MB, Doroshow JH, Tepper JE, eds. Abeloff na Clinical Oncology. Na 6 ed. Philadelphia, PA: Elsevier; 2020: babi na 28.

Reddy P, Ferrara JLM. Gwanin-maganin-cutar da kuma maganin-cutar sankarar bargo. A cikin: Hoffman R, Benz EJ, Silberstein LE, et al, eds. Hematology: Ka'idoji da Aiki. 7th ed. Philadelphia, PA: Elsevier; 2018: babi 108.