Leptospirosis

Leptospirosis cuta ce da kwayar leptospira ke haifarwa.

Ana iya samun wadannan kwayoyin a cikin ruwa mai kyau wanda fitsarin dabbobi ya lalata shi. Kuna iya kamuwa da cutar idan kuka sha ko kuma sun haɗu da gurɓataccen ruwa ko ƙasa. Kamuwa da cuta yana faruwa a cikin yanayi mai dumi. Leptospirosis ba ya yaduwa daga mutum zuwa mutum, sai dai a cikin al'amuran da ba safai ake samunsu ba.

Hanyoyin haɗari sun haɗa da:

• Bayyanar da aiki - manoma, makiyaya, ma'aikatan mayanka, masu cin amana, likitocin dabbobi, masu saran itace, ma'aikatan lambatu, ma'aikatan filin shinkafa, da ma'aikatan soja.
• Ayyukan nishaɗi - yin iyo da ruwa mai kyau, kwalekwale, kayakin kaya, da hawa keke a wurare masu dumi
• Bayyanar gida - karnukan dabbobi, dabbobin gida, tsarin kamo ruwan sama, da kuma berayen da ke dauke da cutar

Cutar Weil, mai tsananin nau'in leptospirosis, ba kasafai ake samun irinta ba a cikin Amurka. Hawaii tana da adadi mafi girma na Amurka.

Kwayar cutar na iya ɗaukar kwanaki 2 zuwa 30 (matsakaita kwanaki 10) don haɓaka, kuma na iya haɗawa da:

• Dry tari
• Zazzaɓi
• Ciwon kai
• Ciwon tsoka
• Tashin zuciya, amai, da gudawa
• Girgiza sanyi

Ananan alamun bayyanar sun haɗa da:

• Ciwon ciki
• Sautin huhu mara kyau
• Ciwon ƙashi
• Jan mahaɗa ba tare da ruwa ba
• Landsara girman ƙwayar lymph
• Sara girma ko hanta
• Hadin gwiwa
• Idityarfin tsoka
• Taushin tsoka
• Rushewar fata
• Ciwon wuya

Jinin ana gwada shi don ƙwayoyin cuta na ƙwayoyin cuta. A lokacin wasu matakai na rashin lafiyar, ana iya gano kwayoyin cutar ta hanyar amfani da gwajin polymerase sarkar dauki (PCR).

Sauran gwaje-gwajen da za a iya yi:

• Kammala ƙididdigar jini (CBC)
• Creatine kinase
• Harshen enzymes
• Fitsari
• Al'adun jini

Magunguna don magance leptospirosis sun haɗa da:

• Ampicillin
• Azithromycin
• Ceftriaxone
• Doxycycline
• Maganin penicillin

Rikitarwa ko lamura masu tsanani na iya buƙatar taimako na tallafi. Kuna iya buƙatar magani a cikin sashin kulawa mai kulawa na asibiti (ICU).

Kasancewa gaba ɗaya yana da kyau. Koyaya, lamari mai rikitarwa na iya zama na mutuwa idan ba a magance shi da sauri ba.

Matsaloli na iya haɗawa da:

• Maganin Jarisch-Herxheimer lokacin da aka bada maganin penicillin
• Cutar sankarau
• Zubar jini mai tsanani

Tuntuɓi mai ba da sabis na kiwon lafiya idan kana da wasu alamun bayyanar, ko abubuwan haɗarin, leptospirosis.

Guji yankunan ruwa mai tsafta ko ambaliyar ruwa, musamman a yanayin yanayin wurare masu zafi. Idan ka gamu da wani yanki mai hatsarin gaske, yi taka tsantsan don kaucewa kamuwa da cuta. Sanya tufafi masu kariya, takalma, ko takalmi lokacin da kake kusa da ruwa ko ƙasa mai ƙazantar da fitsarin dabbobi. Kuna iya ɗaukar doxycycline don rage haɗarin

Cutar cuta; Zazzabin Icterohemorrhagic; Cutar Swineherd; Zazzabin filin shinkafa; Zazzabi mai yankan rago; Zazzabin zazzaɓi; Zazzabin laka; Ciwon jaundice; Ciwon Stuttgart; Zazzabin Canicola

• Antibodies

Galloway RL, Stoddard RA, Schafer IJ. Leptospirosis. CDC Yellow Book 2020: Bayanin Lafiya don Matafiyin Kasa da Kasa. Cibiyoyin Kula da Cututtuka da Cututtuka. wwwnc.cdc.gov/travel/page/yellowbook-home. An sabunta Yuli 18, 2019. An shiga Oktoba 7, 2020.

Haake DA, Levett PN. Leptospira nau'in (leptospirosis). A cikin: Bennett JE, Dolin R, Blaser MJ, eds. Mandell, Douglas, da Ka'idojin Bennett da Aiwatar da Cututtukan Cutar. 9th ed. Philadelphia, PA: Elsevier; 2020: babi na 239.

Zaki S, Shieh WJ. Leptospirosis. A cikin: Goldman L, Schafer AI, eds. Magungunan Goldman-Cecil. 26th ed. Philadelphia, PA: Elsevier; 2020: babi na 307.