Zabiya

Albiniyanci nakasa ce ta samar da melanin. Melanin wani abu ne na halitta a cikin jiki wanda yake ba da launi ga gashinku, fata, da iris na ido.

Albinism na faruwa ne yayin daya daga cikin lahani na kwayoyin halitta ya sa jiki ya kasa samarwa ko rarraba melanin.

Wadannan lahani na iya wucewa (gado) ta cikin dangi.

Mafi tsananin nau'in albin shine ake kira albinism oculocutaneous. Mutanen da ke da irin wannan albin ɗin suna da fari ko ruwan hoda, fata, da launin iris. Suna kuma da matsalar gani.

Wani nau'in zabiya, ana kiran shi albinism iri 1 (OA1), yana shafar idanu ne kawai. Fatar jikin mutum da launin ido yawanci suna cikin yanayin al'ada. Koyaya, gwajin ido zai nuna cewa babu launi a bayan ido (kwayar ido).

Hermansky-Pudlak ciwo (HPS) wani nau'in albin ne wanda aka samu sakamakon canjin shi zuwa jinsi daya. Zai iya faruwa tare da cutar zubar jini, haka kuma tare da huhu, koda, da cututtukan hanji.

Mai cutar zafin nama na iya samun ɗayan waɗannan alamun:

• Babu launi a cikin gashi, fata, ko iris na ido
• Ya fi haske fiye da al'ada da gashi
• Facin rashin launin fata

Yawancin nau'o'in zabiya suna da alaƙa da alamun bayyanar masu zuwa:

• Idanun giciye
• Hasken haske
• Gudun ido cikin sauri
• Matsalar gani, ko makantar aiki

Gwajin kwayar halitta yana samar da ingantacciyar hanyar gano albinism. Irin wannan gwajin yana taimakawa idan kana da tarihin iyali na zabiya. Haka kuma yana da amfani ga wasu gungun mutane wadanda aka san su da cutar.

Mai kula da lafiyar ku na iya bincika yanayin dangane da bayyanar fatar ku, gashin ku, da idanun ku. Likitan ido da ake kira ophthalmologist na iya yin wutan lantarki. Wannan jarabawa ce da zata iya bayyana matsalolin hangen nesa masu nasaba da cutar zabiya. Gwajin da ake kira gwajin yuwuwar yuwuwar gani na iya zama da fa'ida sosai lokacin da cutar ba ta da tabbas.

Makasudin magani shine don taimakawa bayyanar cututtuka. Zai dogara ne da irin yadda cutar ta kasance.

Jiyya ya haɗa da kiyaye fata da idanu daga rana. Don yin wannan:

• Rage haɗarin kunar rana a jiki ta hanyar guje wa rana, ta amfani da abin rufe fuska, da kuma rufe suttura gaba ɗaya lokacin da ake fuskantar rana.
• Yi amfani da gilashin hasken rana tare da mahimmin abin kariya na rana (SPF).
• Sanye tabarau (kariya ta UV) don taimakawa sauƙaƙawar haske.

Sau da yawa ana sanya gilashi don gyara matsalolin gani da matsayin ido. A wasu lokuta ana bada shawarar yin tiyatar tsoka ta ido don gyara motsin ido mara kyau.

Groupsungiyoyin masu zuwa na iya ba da ƙarin bayani da albarkatu:

• Nationalungiyar forasa ta Zabiya da Taimakawa - www.albinism.org
• NIH / NLM Tsarin Gida na Gida - ghr.nlm.nih.gov/condition/ocular-albinism

Albiniyan baya yawanci yakan shafi rayuwa. Koyaya, HPS na iya rage tsawon rayuwar mutum saboda cutar huhu ko matsalolin zub da jini.

Mutanen da ke fama da cutar zabiya na iya takaitawa a cikin ayyukansu saboda ba za su iya jure wa rana ba.

Wadannan rikitarwa na iya faruwa:

• Rage gani, makanta
• Ciwon kansa

Kirawo mai ba ku sabis idan kuna da albiniya ko alamomi irin su ƙarar haske wanda ke haifar da rashin jin daɗi. Har ila yau kira idan kun lura da kowane canjin fata wanda zai iya zama farkon alamun cutar kansa.

Saboda zabiya an gada ne, nasiha kan kwayoyin halitta na da mahimmanci. Mutane da ke da tarihin albin a cikin gida ko canza launi mai haske ya kamata suyi la’akari da shawarwarin kwayoyin halitta.

Albinism na Oculocutaneous; Albinism na Ocular

• Melanin

Cheng KP. Ilimin lafiyar ido. A cikin: Zitelli BJ, McIntire SC, Nowalk AJ, eds. Zitelli da Davis 'Atlas na Ciwon Lafiyar Jiki na Yara. 7th ed. Philadelphia, PA: Elsevier; 2018: babi na 20.

Joyce JC. Raunin rashin lafiya. A cikin: Kliegman RM, St. Geme JW, Blum NJ, Shah SS, Tasker RC, Wilson KM, eds. Nelson Littafin koyar da ilimin yara. 21st ed. Philadelphia, PA: Elsevier; 2020: babi na 672.

Paller AS, Mancini AJ. Rashin lafiya na pigmentation. A cikin: Paller AS, Mancini AJ, eds. Hurwitz Clinical Ilimin likitancin yara. 5th ed. Philadelphia, PA: Elsevier; 2016: sura 11.