Tetralogy na Fallot

Tetralogy na Fallot wani nau'in nakasuwar zuciya ne. Haɗin ciki yana nufin yana nan lokacin haihuwa.

Tetralogy na Fallot yana haifar da ƙarancin iskar oxygen a cikin jini. Wannan yana haifar da cyanosis (launin shuɗi mai launin shuɗi zuwa fata).

Tsarin gargajiya ya hada da lahani huɗu na zuciya da manyan hanyoyin jini:

• Defectaramar ƙwanƙwasa na rami (rami tsakanin ƙasan dama da hagu)
• Karkatar da hanyar fitar huhu (bawul da jijiya wanda ke hada zuciya da huhu)
• Ridarfafa aorta (jijiyoyin da ke ɗaukar jini mai wadataccen oxygen zuwa jiki) wanda aka sauya akan ƙugu na dama da kuma ɓarna na ƙugu, maimakon fitowa daga hagu ta hagu kawai
• Bangane mai kauri na hagu na dama (hawan jini na hagu na dama)

Tetralogy na Fallot ba safai ba, amma shine mafi yawan nau'in cututtukan zuciya na cyanotic. Yana faruwa daidai kamar sau da yawa a cikin maza da mata. Mutanen da ke da tasirin tasirin Fallot suna iya samun wasu lahani na rashin haihuwa.

Ba a san musabbabin mafi yawan larurar zuciya ba. Yawancin abubuwa suna da alama suna da hannu.

Abubuwan da ke ƙara haɗarin wannan yanayin yayin ɗaukar ciki sun haɗa da:

• Shaye-shaye a cikin uwa
• Ciwon suga
• Uwar da ta haura shekara 40
• Rashin abinci mai gina jiki yayin daukar ciki
• Rubella ko wasu cututtukan ƙwayoyin cuta yayin daukar ciki

Yaran da ke da tetralogy na Fallot suna iya samun cututtukan chromosome, irin su Down syndrome, Alagille syndrome, da DiGeorge syndrome (yanayin da ke haifar da larurar zuciya, ƙarancin alli, da kuma rashin ƙarfin garkuwar jiki).

Kwayar cutar sun hada da:

• Launin shuɗi zuwa fata (cyanosis), wanda yake daɗa muni yayin da jaririn ya damu
• Bingungiyar yatsun hannu (fata ko ƙarar ƙashi a kusa da farcen yatsun hannu)
• Wahalar ciyarwa (halaye marasa kyau)
• Rashin yin kiba
• Wucewa yayi
• Rashin ci gaba
• Tsugunnawa yayin lokutan cyanosis

Jarabawa ta jiki tare da stethoscope kusan koyaushe yana nuna gunaguni na zuciya.

Gwaje-gwaje na iya haɗawa da:

• Kirjin x-ray
• Kammala ƙididdigar jini (CBC)
• Echocardiogram
• Lantarki (ECG)
• MRI na zuciya (gabaɗaya bayan tiyata)
• CT na zuciya

Ana yin tiyata don gyara tetralogy na Fallot lokacin da jariri ya kasance ƙarami sosai, yawanci kafin watanni 6 na haihuwa. Wani lokaci, ana buƙatar tiyata fiye da ɗaya. Lokacin da aka yi amfani da tiyata sama da ɗaya, tiyata ta farko ana yin ta ne don taimakawa ƙara yawan jini zuwa huhu.

Za a iya yin aikin tiyata don magance matsalar a wani lokaci nan gaba. Sau da yawa sau ɗaya kawai ake yin tiyata don gyara cikin 'yan watannin farko na rayuwa. Ana yin tiyatar gyara don faɗaɗa wani ɓangaren ɓangaren ƙwayar huhu da aka taƙaita kuma a rufe lahanin ƙugu na ƙugu tare da faci.

Yawancin lokuta ana iya gyara ta hanyar tiyata. Yaran da ke yin tiyata yawanci suna yin kyau. Fiye da 90% sun rayu har zuwa girma kuma suna rayuwa mai rai, lafiya, da rayuwa mai amfani. Ba tare da tiyata ba, yawanci mutuwa tana faruwa ne lokacin da mutum ya kai shekara 20.

Mutanen da suka ci gaba, tsananin hucin bawul na huhu na iya buƙatar maye gurbin bawul din.

Ana ba da shawara mai yawa tare da likitan zuciya.

Matsaloli na iya haɗawa da:

• Rage girma da ci gaba
• Harshen zuciya mara kyau (arrhythmias)
• Searfafawa yayin lokuta idan babu isashshen oxygen
• Mutuwa daga kamun zuciya, koda bayan gyaran tiyata

Kira mai ba da sabis na kiwon lafiya idan sababbin alamun da ba a bayyana ba sun faru ko kuma yaron yana fama da cutar cyanosis (shuɗin fata).

Idan yaro mai tetralogy na Fallot ya zama shuɗi, nan da nan sanya yaron a gefensu ko baya kuma sanya gwiwoyi har zuwa kirji. Kwantar da hankalin yaron ka nemi likita nan take.

Babu wata hanyar da aka sani don hana yanayin.

Saiti; TOF; Ciwon zuciya na haihuwa - tetralogy; Ciwon zuciya na Cyanotic - tetralogy; Yanayin haihuwa - tetralogy

• Yin aikin tiyatar zuciya na yara - fitarwa

• Zuciya - sashi ta tsakiya
• Tetralogy na Fallot
• Cyanotic 'Tet sihiri'

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Fraser CD, Kane LC. Cutar cututtukan zuciya. A cikin: Townsend CM Jr, Beauchamp RD, Evers BM, Mattox KL, eds. Littafin Sabiston na Tiyata: Tushen Halittu na Ayyukan Tiyata na Zamani. 20th ed. Philadelphia, PA: Elsevier; 2017: babi na 58.

Webb GD, Smallhorn JF, Therrien J, Redington AN. Cutar cututtukan ciki a cikin baligi da haƙuri na yara. A cikin: Zipes DP, Libby P, Bonow RO, Mann DL, Tomaselli GF, Braunwald E, eds. Braunwald na Ciwon Zuciya: Littafin rubutu na Magungunan zuciya da jijiyoyin jini. 11th ed. Philadelphia, PA: Elsevier; 2019: babi na 75.