Hydrocephalus

Hydrocephalus shine tarin ruwa a cikin kokon kai wanda ke haifar da kumburin kwakwalwa.

Hydrocephalus yana nufin "ruwa akan kwakwalwa."

Hydrocephalus yana faruwa ne saboda matsala ta kwararar ruwan da ke kewaye kwakwalwa. Wannan ruwa shi ake kira cerebrospinal fluid, ko CSF. Ruwan ruwa yana kewaye kwakwalwa da layin baya kuma yana taimakawa matashi kwakwalwa.

CSF kullum tana tafiya ta cikin kwakwalwa da laka kuma ana jiƙa shi a cikin jini. Matakan CSF a cikin kwakwalwa na iya tashi idan:

• An toshe kwararar CSF
• Ruwan baya samun shiga cikin jini yadda yakamata.
• Kwakwalwa na yin ruwa da yawa.

Yawan CSF yana sanya matsi akan kwakwalwa. Wannan yana tura kwakwalwa sama ga kokon kai kuma yana lalata narkar da kwakwalwar.

Hydrocephalus na iya farawa yayin da jariri ke girma a cikin mahaifar. Abu ne gama gari ga jariran da ke da myelomeningocele, nakasar haihuwa wanda ɓangaren kashin baya baya rufewa daidai.

Hydrocephalus na iya kasancewa saboda:

• Launin kwayoyin
• Wasu cututtuka a lokacin daukar ciki

A cikin ƙananan yara, hydrocephalus na iya zama saboda:

• Cututtukan da ke shafar tsarin jijiyoyi na tsakiya (kamar su cutar sankarau ko encephalitis), musamman a jarirai.
• Zubar da jini a cikin kwakwalwa a lokacin ko kuma ba da daɗewa ba bayan haihuwa (musamman a cikin jariran da ba a haifa ba).
• Rauni kafin, lokacin, ko bayan haihuwa, gami da zubar jini mai rauni.
• Umuƙuran ƙwayar jijiyoyi na tsakiya, gami da kwakwalwa ko laka.
• Rauni ko rauni.

Hydrocephalus galibi yana faruwa ne ga yara. Wani nau'in, da ake kira matsa lamba na al'ada hydrocephalus, na iya faruwa a cikin manya da tsofaffi.

Kwayar cututtukan hydrocephalus sun dogara da:

• Shekaru
• Adadin lalacewar kwakwalwa
• Abin da ke haifar da haɓakar ruwan CSF

A cikin jarirai, hydrocephalus yana sa fontanelle (wuri mai laushi) ya kumbura kuma kai ya zama ya fi girma fiye da yadda ake tsammani. Alamomin farko na iya haɗawa da:

• Idanuwan da suke bayyana don kallon ƙasa
• Rashin fushi
• Kamawa
• Sutattun keɓaɓɓu
• Bacci
• Amai

Kwayar cutar da ka iya faruwa a manyan yara na iya haɗawa da:

• Takaitaccen, shrill, high-pitched kuka
• Canje-canje a cikin halin mutum, ƙwaƙwalwar ajiya, ko ikon yin tunani ko tunani
• Canje-canje a bayyanar fuska da tazarar ido
• Idanun ido ko motsin ido
• Matsalar ciyarwa
• Yawan bacci
• Ciwon kai
• Rashin fushi, rashin saurin fushi
• Rashin ikon fitsari (rashin fitsari)
• Rashin daidaituwa da matsalar tafiya
• Muscle spasticity (spasm)
• Saurin girma (yaro 0 zuwa 5 shekaru)
• Sannu a hankali ko ƙuntataccen motsi
• Amai

Mai ba da sabis na kiwon lafiya zai bincika jaririn. Wannan na iya nuna:

• Mike ko jijiyoyin jijiyoyi a fatar kan jaririn.
• Sautunan da ba na al'ada ba lokacin da mai gabatarwa ya taɓa kwanyar a hankali, yana nuna matsala game da ƙasusuwa.
• Duk ko ɓangaren kai na iya zama ya fi girma girma, sau da yawa ɓangaren gaba.
• Idanun da suka yi kama da "sun shiga ciki."
• Farin ɓangaren ido ya bayyana akan yankin mai launi, yana mai da shi kamar "faɗuwar rana."
• Tunani na iya zama al'ada.

Maimaita ma'aunin kewayewar kai tsawon lokaci na iya nuna cewa kan yana ƙaruwa.

A CT scan yana daya daga cikin mafi kyawun gwaji don gano hydrocephalus. Sauran gwaje-gwajen da za'a iya yi sun haɗa da:

• Arteriography
• Binciken kwakwalwa ta amfani da rediyo
• Cranial duban dan tayi (duban dan tayi na kwakwalwa)
• Lumbar huda da jarrabawar ruɓaɓɓen ruwan sha (da wuya ake yi)
• Kwancen x-ray

Manufar magani ita ce rage ko hana lalacewar kwakwalwa ta hanyar inganta kwararar CSF.

Za a iya yin aikin tiyata don cire toshewar, idan za ta yiwu.

Idan ba haka ba, za a iya sanya bututu mai sassauci da ake kira shunt a cikin kwakwalwa don sake juya kwararar CSF. Shunt din yana aika CSF zuwa wani sashin jiki, kamar yankin ciki, inda za'a iya sha.

Sauran jiyya na iya haɗawa da:

• Maganin rigakafi idan akwai alamun kamuwa da cuta. Infectionsananan cututtuka na iya buƙatar cire shunt.
• Hanyar da ake kira endoscopic na uku ventriculostomy (ETV), wanda ke taimakawa matsa lamba ba tare da maye gurbin shunt ba.
• Cirewa ko ƙonewa (ƙananan abubuwa) sassan kwakwalwar da ke samar da CSF.

Yaron zai buƙaci bincike na yau da kullun don tabbatar da cewa babu sauran matsaloli. Za a yi gwaje-gwaje akai-akai don bincika ci gaban yaron, da kuma neman matsalolin hankali, na jijiyoyin jiki, ko na zahiri.

Ziyartar masu ba da jinya, sabis na zamantakewar jama'a, kungiyoyin tallafi, da kuma hukumomin cikin gida na iya ba da goyon baya na motsin rai da taimako tare da kula da yaro tare da hydrocephalus wanda ke da babbar illa ga kwakwalwa.

Ba tare da magani ba, kusan mutane 6 cikin 10 da ke dauke da hydrocephalus za su mutu. Wadanda suka rayu zasu sami nau'ikan nakasassu na ilimi, na zahiri, da na jijiyoyin jiki.

Hangen nesa ya dogara da dalilin. Hydrocephalus wanda ba saboda cuta ba yana da kyakkyawan hangen nesa. Mutanen da ke da kwayar cutar hydrocephalus sakamakon ciwace-ciwacen ƙwayoyi galibi ba za su yi talauci ba.

Yawancin yara da ke dauke da hydrocephalus waɗanda suka rayu tsawon shekara 1 za su sami tsawon rayuwa daidai.

Shunt ɗin na iya zama toshe. Alamun irin wannan toshewar sun hada da ciwon kai da amai. Likitocin tiyata na iya taimaka wa buɗewar ba tare da maye gurbinsa ba.

Akwai wasu matsaloli tare da shunt din, kamar su kinking, rabuwar bututu, ko kamuwa da cuta a yankin na shunt.

Sauran rikitarwa na iya haɗawa da:

• Matsalolin tiyata
• Cututtuka kamar su sankarau ko encephalitis
• Rashin hankali
• Lalacewar jijiya (raguwar motsi, motsin rai, aiki)
• Rashin lafiyar jiki

Bincika nan da nan idan yaronka yana da alamun wannan cuta. Je zuwa dakin gaggawa ko kira 911 idan alamun gaggawa na faruwa, kamar:

• Matsalar numfashi
• Matsanancin bacci ko bacci
• Matsalolin ciyarwa
• Zazzaɓi
• Babban kuka
• Babu bugun jini (bugun zuciya)
• Kamawa
• Tsananin ciwon kai
• Wuya wuya
• Amai

Hakanan yakamata ku kira mai ba ku idan:

• An tabbatar da yaron yana da hydrocephalus, kuma yanayin yana ƙara muni.
• Ba ku da ikon kula da yaron a gida.

Kare kan jariri ko yaro daga rauni. Gaggauta maganin cututtuka da sauran rikice-rikice masu alaƙa da hydrocephalus na iya rage haɗarin ɓarkewar cuta.

Ruwa a kwakwalwa

• Ventriculoperitoneal shunt - fitarwa

• Kwanyar sabuwar haihuwa

Jamil O, Kestle JRW. Heydocephalus a cikin yara: ilimin ilimin halittu da gudanarwa gabaɗaya. A cikin: Winn HR, ed. Youmans da Winn Yin aikin tiyata. 7th ed. Philadelphia, PA: Elsevier; 2017: babi na 197.

Kinsman SL, Johnston MV. Abubuwa masu haɗari na tsarin kulawa na tsakiya. A cikin: Kliegman RM, St Geme JW, Blum NJ, Shah SS, Tasker RC, Wilson KM, eds. Nelson Littafin koyar da ilimin yara. 21st ed. Philadelphia, PA: Elsevier; 2020: babi 609.

Rosenberg GA. Mawaƙwalwar ƙwaƙwalwar ƙwaƙwalwar ƙwaƙwalwar ƙwaƙwalwar ƙwaƙwalwar ƙwaƙwalwar ƙwaƙwalwar ƙwaƙwalwa. A cikin: Daroff RB, Jankovic J, Mazziotta JC, Pomeroy SL, eds. Bradley's Neurology a cikin Clinical Practice. 7th ed. Philadelphia, PA: Elsevier; 2016: babi na 88.