Retinopathy na rashin haihuwa

Retinopathy na rashin haihuwa (ROP) ciwan mahaifa ne mara kyau a cikin ido na ido. Yana faruwa ne a cikin jarirai waɗanda aka haifa da wuri (wanda bai kai ba).

Magudanar jini na tantanin ido (a bayan ido) zai fara bunkasa kimanin watanni 3 zuwa ciki. A mafi yawan lokuta, ana bunkasa su sosai a lokacin haihuwa ta al'ada. Idanu baza su iya bunkasa yadda ya kamata ba idan an haifi jariri da wuri. Jiragen ruwa na iya dakatar da girma ko girma ba tare da kwayar ido ba zuwa bayan ido. Saboda tasoshin suna da rauni, suna iya zubewa kuma suna haifar da zubar jini a ido.

Tsoron nama zai iya tasowa ya kuma ja da kwayar ido ya sakata daga farjin ido (raunin ido). A cikin yanayi mai tsanani, wannan na iya haifar da rashin gani.

A da, amfani da iskar oxygen da yawa a cikin kula da jariran da ba su isa haihuwa ba ya sa jiragen ruwa yin girma ba ji ba gani. Akwai ingantattun hanyoyin yanzu don lura da iskar oxygen. Sakamakon haka, matsalar ta zama ba ta zama ruwan dare ba, musamman a kasashen da suka ci gaba. Koyaya, har yanzu akwai rashin tabbas game da madaidaicin matakin iskar oxygen ga jarirai da ba su kai haihuwa ba a shekaru daban-daban. Masu bincike suna nazarin wasu abubuwan banda iskar oxygen wanda yake da tasirin tasirin ROP.

A yau, haɗarin haɓaka ROP ya dogara da mataki na rashin ƙarfi. Babiesananan yara da ke da ƙarin matsalolin likita suna cikin haɗarin haɗari.

Kusan duk jariran da aka haifa kafin makonni 30 ko kuma nauyinsu bai wuce fam 3 ba (gram 1500 ko kilogram 1.5) a lokacin haihuwa ana duba lafiyar su. Wasu jarirai masu haɗari waɗanda nauyinsu yakai fam 3 zuwa 4.5 (kilogram 1.5 zuwa 2) ko kuma waɗanda aka haifa bayan makonni 30 suma ya kamata a duba su.

Baya ga lokacin tsufa, wasu dalilai masu haɗari na iya haɗawa da:

• Takaitaccen tsayawa a numfashi (apnea)
• Ciwon zuciya
• Babban carbon dioxide (CO2) a cikin jini
• Kamuwa da cuta
• Acidananan acidity (pH)
• Oxygenananan oxygen
• Rashin numfashi
• Sannu a hankali bugun zuciya (bradycardia)
• Karin jini

Adadin ROP a cikin yawancin jariran da basu isa haihuwa ba ya sauka ƙwarai a ƙasashe masu tasowa a cikin fewan shekarun da suka gabata saboda kyakkyawan kulawa a sashen kulawa na kulawa da jarirai (NICU). Koyaya, yawancin jariran da aka haifa da wuri yanzu suna iya rayuwa, kuma waɗannan yara da ba a haifa ba suna cikin haɗarin ROP.

Canje-canjen hanyoyin jini ba za a iya gani da ido ba. Ana buƙatar gwajin ido ta likitan ido don bayyana irin waɗannan matsalolin.

Akwai matakai guda biyar na ROP:

• Mataki Na: Akwai ɗan ƙaramin ciwan jijiyoyin jini.
• Mataki na II: Ci gaban jirgin ruwa ba shi da matsala.
• Mataki na III: Ci gaban jirgin ruwa baƙon abu ba ne.
• Mataki na huɗu: Girmancin jirgin ruwa mara kyau ne sosai kuma akwai ɓataccen ɓangaren ƙwayar ido.
• Mataki na V: Akwai cikakkiyar raunin ido.

Jariri mai ROP kuma ana iya sanya shi a matsayin mai '' ƙarin cuta '' idan jijiyoyin mara lafiya sun dace da hotunan da aka yi amfani da su don gano yanayin.

Kwayar cutar ROP mai tsanani sun hada da:

• Motsa ido mara kyau
• Idanun giciye
• Rashin hangen nesa mai tsananin gaske
• -An fari masu fararen fata (leukocoria)

Jariran da aka haifa kafin makonni 30, nauyinsu bai wuce gram 1,500 ba (kimanin fam 3 ko kilogram 1.5) lokacin haihuwa, ko kuma suna cikin haɗari saboda wasu dalilai ya kamata a yi musu gwajin ido.

A mafi yawan lokuta, gwajin farko ya kamata ya kasance tsakanin makonni 4 zuwa 9 bayan haihuwa, ya danganta da lokacin haihuwar jaririn.

• Yaran da aka haifa da makonni 27 ko kuma daga baya galibi ana yin gwajin su a makonni 4 da haihuwa.
• Wadanda aka haifa a farkon lokuta galibi suna da jarrabawa daga baya.

Binciken na gaba ya dogara ne da sakamakon jarrabawar farko. Jarirai ba sa buƙatar wani gwaji idan jijiyoyin jini a cikin kwayar ido biyu sun kammala ci gaban al'ada.

Iyaye su sani irin binciken da ake yi na ido da ake buƙata kafin jariri ya bar gandun daji.

An nuna magani na farko don inganta damar jariri don gani na yau da kullun. Ya kamata magani ya fara tsakanin awanni 72 na gwajin ido.

Wasu jariran da ke da '' ƙari da cuta '' suna buƙatar magani na gaggawa.

• Ana iya amfani da maganin laser (hoton hoto) don hana rikitarwa na ci gaban ROP.
• Laser yana dakatar da jijiyoyin jini mara kyau daga girma.
• Za'a iya yin maganin a cikin gandun daji ta amfani da kayan aiki masu ɗauka. Don yin aiki da kyau, dole ne a yi shi gabanin kwayar ido ta fara yin rauni ko cirewa daga sauran idon.
• Sauran maganin, kamar yin allurar rigakafi wanda ke toshe VEG-F (haɓakar haɓakar jini) a cikin ido, ana ci gaba da nazarin.

Ana bukatar yin aikin tiyata idan kwayar ido ta cire. Yin tiyata ba koyaushe ke haifar da kyakkyawan hangen nesa ba.

Yawancin jarirai masu fama da raunin gani da ke da alaƙa da ROP suna da wasu matsalolin da suka shafi haihuwa da wuri. Za su buƙaci magunguna daban-daban.

Kimanin jarirai 1 cikin 10 da ke da canjin yanayi da wuri za su kamu da cutar ido mai tsanani. ROP mai tsanani na iya haifar da manyan matsalolin gani ko makanta. Babban mahimmancin sakamako shine ganowa da magani da wuri.

Matsalolin na iya haɗawa da hangen nesa mai tsanani ko makanta.

Hanya mafi kyau don hana wannan yanayin ita ce ɗaukar matakai don kauce wa haihuwa da wuri.Tsayar da wasu matsalolin rashin saurin haihuwa na iya taimakawa hana ROP.

Fibroplasia mai sake dawowa; ROP

Fierson WM; Kwalejin Kwalejin Ilimin Lafiyar Jama'a ta Amurka a kan Ciwon Ido; Cibiyar Nazarin Ido na Amurka; Americanungiyar (asar Amirka game da Ilimin Lafiyar Yara da Strabismus; Americanungiyar (asar Amirka ta Tabbatar da Orthowararru. Gwajin gwaji game da jarirai wanda bai kai ba don sake hango cutar rashin haihuwa. Ilimin likitan yara. 2018; 142 (6): e20183061. Ilimin likitan yara. 2019; 143 (3): 2018-3810. PMID: 30824604 www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/30824604.

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