Jagoran Matafiyi don gujewa kamuwa da cututtuka

Kuna iya kasancewa cikin ƙoshin lafiya yayin tafiya ta hanyar ɗaukar matakan da suka dace don kare kanku kafin ku tafi. Hakanan zaka iya yin abubuwa don taimakawa hana cutar yayin tafiya. Yawancin cututtukan da kuka kama yayin tafiya ƙanana ne. A cikin al'amuran da ba safai ba, duk da haka, suna iya zama mai tsanani, ko ma m.

Cututtuka sun bambanta a wurare daban-daban a duniya. Kuna buƙatar ɗaukar matakan rigakafi daban-daban, gwargwadon inda za ku. Ya kamata a yi la'akari da abubuwa masu zuwa:

• Kwari da ƙwayoyin cuta
• Yanayi na gari
• Tsabta

Mafi kyawun hanyoyin jama'a don bayanin tafiye-tafiye na yau da kullun sune:

• Cibiyoyin Kula da Rigakafin Cututtuka (CDC) - www.cdc.gov/travel
• Kungiyar Lafiya ta Duniya (WHO) - www.who.int/ith/en

KAFIN TAFIYA

Yi magana da mai kula da lafiyar ka ko ziyarci asibitin tafiya makonni 4 zuwa 6 kafin ka tashi don tafiyar ka. Kuna iya buƙatar rigakafi da yawa. Wasu daga cikin waɗannan suna buƙatar lokaci don aiki.

Hakanan kuna iya buƙatar sabunta rigakafin ku. Misali, kana iya bukatar allurar "kara karfi" don:

• Diphtheria, tetanus, da kuma pertussis (Tdap)
• Mura (mura)
• Kyanda - mumps - rubella (MMR)
• Polio

Hakanan kuna iya buƙatar maganin alurar rigakafi don cututtukan da ba kasafai ake samu a Arewacin Amurka ba. Misalan maganin alurar rigakafi sun haɗa da:

• Ciwon hanta A
• Ciwon hanta na B
• Meningococcal
• Typhoid

Wasu ƙasashe sun buƙaci yin rigakafi. Kuna iya buƙatar tabbacin cewa kun yi wannan rigakafin don shiga ƙasar.

• Ana buƙatar yin allurar rigakafin cutar shawara ta shiga cikin wasu Saharar Sahara, Afirka ta Tsakiya, da Kudancin Amurka.
• Ana bukatar yin allurar rigakafin cutar sankarau don shiga Saudiyya don aikin Hajji.
• Don cikakken jerin bukatun ƙasar, bincika gidan yanar gizon CDC ko WHO.

Mutanen da zasu iya samun buƙatun rigakafi daban-daban sun haɗa da:

• Yara
• Tsoffin mutane
• Mutanen da ke da rauni da garkuwar jiki ko HIV
• Mutanen da suke tsammanin yin hulɗa da wasu dabbobi
• Matan da suke ciki ko masu shayarwa

Duba tare da mai ba ku sabis ko asibitin tafiye-tafiye na gida.

HANA MALARIYA

Zazzabin cizon sauro cuta ce mai tsanani wacce ke yaɗuwa ta cizon wasu sauro, yawanci ana cizawa tsakanin magariba da wayewar gari. Yana faruwa galibi a yanayin wurare masu zafi da na yanayin zafi. Malaria na iya haifar da zazzabi mai zafi, girgiza sanyi, alamomin mura, da kuma rashin jini. Akwai nau'ikan cututtukan zazzabin cizon sauro guda 4.

Idan kuna tafiya zuwa yankin da cutar zazzabin cizon sauro ta zama ruwan dare, kuna iya buƙatar shan magungunan da ke hana cutar. Ana shan waɗannan magunguna kafin ku tafi, yayin tafiyarku, da kuma ɗan gajeren lokaci bayan dawowar ku. Yadda magungunan suke aiki ya bambanta. Wasu nau'ikan cutar zazzabin cizon sauro suna da tsayayya ga wasu magungunan rigakafi. Hakanan ya kamata ku dau matakan hana cizon kwari.

ZIKA VIRUS

Zika cuta ce ta cizon sauro mai cutar. Kwayar cutar sun hada da zazzabi, ciwon gabobi, kumburi, da jajayen idanu (conjunctivitis). Sauro da yake yada cutar Zika iri daya ne wanda yake yada zazzabin dengue da kwayar cutar chikungunya. Wadannan sauro yawanci suna cin abinci ne da rana. Babu wani maganin rigakafi don hana Zika.

An yi amannar cewa akwai alaƙa tsakanin iyaye mata masu kamuwa da cutar Zika da jariran da aka haifa da microcephaly da sauran lahani na haihuwa. Zika na iya yaduwa daga uwa zuwa jaririnta a mahaifa (a cikin mahaifa) ko kuma a lokacin haihuwa. Namiji mai dauke da cutar Zika na iya yada cutar ga abokan zamanta. Akwai rahotanni game da cutar Zika da ke yaduwa ta hanyar karin jini.

Kafin shekarar 2015, an gano kwayar cutar galibi a Afirka, kudu maso gabashin Asiya, da Tsibirin Pacific. Yanzu ya bazu zuwa jihohi da ƙasashe da yawa waɗanda suka haɗa da:

• Brazil
• Tsibirin Caribbean
• Amurka ta Tsakiya
• Meziko
• Amirka ta Arewa
• Kudancin Amurka
• Puerto Rico

An gano cutar a wasu yankuna na Amurka. Don ƙarin bayani na yau da kullun, da fatan za a ziyarci Gidan yanar gizon Cibiyar Kula da Rigakafin Cututtuka (CDC) - www.cdc.gov/zika.

Don hana kamuwa da kwayar Zika, dauki matakai don kaucewa cizon sauro. Ana iya hana yaduwar cutar ta hanyar jima’i ta hanyar amfani da kwaroron roba ko kuma rashin yin jima’i da wanda zai iya kamuwa da cutar.

HANA CUTUTTUKAN BANZA

Don hana cizon sauro da sauran kwari:

• Sanya maganin kwari lokacin da kake a waje, amma kayi amfani dashi lafiya.Abubuwan sakewa na al'ada sun haɗa da DEET da picaridin. Wasu magungunan maganin cututtukan halittu sune man lemun tsami (OLE), PMD, da IR3535.
• Hakanan zaka iya buƙatar amfani da gidan sauro lokacin da kake bacci.
• Sanye wando da riga mai dogon hannu, musamman da yamma.
• Barci kawai a wuraren da aka yi tsaro.
• Kar a sanya turare.

LAFIYA DA LAFIYA

Kuna iya kamuwa da wasu cututtukan ta hanyar ci ko shan gurɓataccen abinci ko ruwa. Akwai babban haɗarin kamuwa da cuta daga cin abincin da ba a dafa ba ko kuma ɗanyen abinci.

Nisanci abinci masu zuwa:

• Abincin da aka dafa wanda aka bari ya huce (kamar daga masu siyar da titi)
• 'Ya'yan itacen da ba a wanke da ruwa mai tsafta ba sannan aka bare shi
• Raw kayan lambu
• Salatin
• Abincin kiwo mara narkewa, kamar su madara ko cuku

Shan ruwa mara tsafta ko gurbataccen ruwa na iya haifar da kamuwa da cuta. Sha kawai abubuwan sha masu zuwa:

• Abin sha na gwangwani ko wanda ba a buɗe ba (ruwa, ruwan 'ya'yan itace, ruwan ma'adinai mai ƙanshi, abin sha mai taushi)
• Abin sha da aka yi da tafasasshen ruwa, kamar shayi da kofi

Kada a yi amfani da kankara a cikin abin shanku sai dai idan an yi shi daga tsarkakakken ruwa. Zaka iya tsarkake ruwa ta hanyar tafasa shi ko ta hanyar magance shi da wasu kayan aikin sinadarai ko matatun ruwa.

SAURAN MATAKI DOMIN HANA CUTUTTUKAN CUTUTTUKA

Tsaftace hannuwanku sau da yawa. Yi amfani da sabulu da ruwa ko mai tsabtace barasa don taimakawa hana kamuwa da cuta.

Kada ku tsaya ko yin iyo a cikin kogunan ruwa, koguna, ko tabkuna waɗanda suke da najasa ko najasar dabbobi a cikinsu. Wannan na iya haifar da kamuwa da cuta. Yin iyo a cikin wuraren waha na hlorin yana da aminci mafi yawan lokuta.

LOKACIN TANANTA MAI SANA'A

Za a iya magance gudawa a wasu lokuta ta hutawa da ruwa. Mai ba ku sabis na iya ba ku maganin rigakafi don yin balaguro idan kuna rashin lafiya tare da tsananin zawo yayin tafiya.

Samu likita nan da nan idan:

• Gudawa baya tafiya
• Kun kamu da zazzabi mai zafi ko bushewa

Tuntuɓi mai ba ku sabis lokacin da kuka dawo gida idan ba ku da lafiya da zazzaɓi yayin tafiya.

Lafiyar matafiya; Cututtuka da matafiya

• Cututtuka da matafiya
• Malaria

Beran J, Goad J. Routine na rigakafin tafiye-tafiye: hepatitis A da B, typhoid. A cikin: Keystone JS, Kozarsky PE, Connor BA, Nothdurft HD, Mendelson M, Leder, K, eds. Magungunan Tafiya. 4th ed. Philadelphia, PA: Elsevier; 2019: sura 11.

Cibiyoyin Kula da Cututtuka da Rigakafin yanar gizo. Cutar Zika. Ga masu ba da kiwon lafiya: kimantawa na asibiti da cuta. www.cdc.gov/zika/hc-providers/preparing-for-zika/clinicalevaluationdisease.html. An sabunta Janairu 28, 2019. An shiga Janairu 3, 2020.

Cibiyoyin Kula da Cututtuka da Rigakafin yanar gizo. Kwayar cutar Zika: hanyoyin yadawa. www.cdc.gov/zika/prevention/transmission-methods.html. An sabunta Yuli 24, 2019. An shiga Janairu 3, 2020.

Christenson JC, John CC. Shawara kan kiwon lafiya ga yara masu tafiya kasashen duniya. A cikin: Kliegman RM, St. Geme JW, Blum NJ, Shah SS, Tasker RC, Wilson KM, eds. Nelson Littafin koyar da ilimin yara. 21st ed. Philadelphia, PA: Elsevier; 2020: chap 200.

Freedman YA YI, Chen LH. Kusanci ga mai haƙuri kafin tafiya da bayan tafiya. A cikin: Goldman L, Schafer AI, eds. Magungunan Goldman-Cecil. 26th ed. Philadelphia, PA: Elsevier; 2020: babi na 270.

Yanar gizo Hukumar Lafiya ta Duniya. Jerin ƙasa: bukatun allurar rigakafin cutar shawara da shawarwari; halin da ake ciki na malaria; da sauran bukatun rigakafin. www.who.int/ith/ith_country_list.pdf. An shiga Janairu 3, 2020.