Alurar rigakafi (rigakafi)

Ana amfani da allurar rigakafi don haɓaka garkuwar ku da kuma hana manyan cututtuka masu barazanar rai.

YADDA VACCINES YANA AIKI

Alluran rigakafi suna "koyar da" jikinku yadda za a kare kansu yayin da ƙwayoyin cuta, kamar ƙwayoyin cuta ko ƙwayoyin cuta, suka mamaye ta:

• Allurar rigakafin tana bijirar da kai zuwa ƙaramin, amintaccen adadin ƙwayoyin cuta ko ƙwayoyin cuta waɗanda aka raunana ko aka kashe.
• Tsarin garkuwar ku zai koya don ganewa da afkawa kamuwa da cutar idan kun kamu da cutar daga baya a rayuwa.
• A sakamakon haka, ba za ku yi rashin lafiya ba, ko kuma wataƙila kuna da wani saukin kamuwa da cuta. Wannan hanya ce ta dabi'a don magance cututtukan cututtuka.

Akwai nau'ikan rigakafi guda hudu a halin yanzu:

• Allurar rigakafin cutar yi amfani da sifofin raunana (masu rauni) na kwayar. Alurar rigakafin kyanda, kumburi, da rubella (MMR) da allurar rigakafin ƙwayar cuta da kaza (varna)
• Alurar rigakafin da ba a kashe ba ana yin su ne daga sunadarai ko wasu ƙananan abubuwa da aka ɗauka daga ƙwayoyin cuta ko ƙwayoyin cuta. Allurar tari (pertussis) misali ne.
• Alurar rigakafin Toxoid dauke da guba ko sinadarai da kwayoyin cuta ko kwayar cuta suka yi. Suna sanya ku kariya daga tasirin cutar, maimakon cutar da kanta. Misalan sune cututtukan cututtukan fuka da na tekun.
• Alluran rigakafi dauke da sinadarai da aka yi da mutum wanda yayi kamanceceniya da wasu kwayoyin cuta ko kwayoyin cuta. Alurar rigakafin Hepatitis B misali ne.

DALILAN DA MUKA BUKATA

Bayan 'yan makonni bayan haihuwa, jariran suna da ɗan kariya daga ƙwayoyin cuta da ke haifar da cututtuka. Wannan kariya ana wucewa daga mahaifiyarsu ta wurin mahaifa kafin haihuwa. Bayan ɗan gajeren lokaci, wannan kariya ta halitta ta tafi.

Alurar riga kafi na taimaka wa kariya daga cututtuka da yawa waɗanda ada sun fi yawa. Misalan sun hada da tetanus, diphtheria, mumps, measles, pertussis (tari), sankarau, da shan inna. Yawancin waɗannan cututtukan na iya haifar da cututtuka ko barazanar rai kuma suna iya haifar da matsalolin lafiya na tsawon rai. Saboda allurar rigakafi, yawancin waɗannan cututtukan ba su da yawa a yanzu.

KIYAYEWAR AL'AURAR

Wasu mutane suna damuwa cewa alurar riga kafi ba ta da hadari kuma tana iya zama illa, musamman ga yara. Suna iya tambayar mai ba su kiwon lafiya ya jira ko ma su zaɓi ba su da allurar. Amma fa'idodin allurar rigakafi sun fi haɗarinsu yawa.

Kwalejin ilimin likitancin Amurka, da Cibiyoyin Kula da Rigakafin Cututtuka (CDC), da Cibiyar Magunguna duk sun kammala cewa amfanin alurar riga kafi ya fi haɗarinsu.

Alluran rigakafi, irin su kyanda, kumburi, rubella, kaza, da allurar mura na hanci sun ƙunshi ƙwayoyin cuta masu rai, amma raunana:

• Sai dai idan garkuwar jikin mutum ta yi rauni, da wuya wata allurar rigakafi za ta bai wa mutum kamuwa da cutar. Mutanen da ke da raunin tsarin rigakafi kada su karbi wadannan rigakafin.
• Waɗannan rigakafin na rayuwa na iya zama haɗari ga ɗan tayi na mace mai ciki. Don guje wa cutar da jariri, mata masu ciki ba za su sami ɗayan waɗannan rigakafin ba. Mai bayarwa zai iya gaya muku lokacin da ya dace don samun waɗannan rigakafin.

Thimerosal shine abin adanawa wanda aka samo shi a yawancin rigakafin a baya. Amma yanzu:

• Akwai allurar rigakafin mura ta jarirai da ta yara waɗanda ba su da thimerosal.
• BABU sauran alurar riga kafi da aka saba amfani da su don yara ko manya da ke da thimerosal.
• Binciken da aka yi a cikin shekaru da yawa BAYA nuna alamar haɗi tsakanin thimerosal da autism ko wasu matsalolin likita ba.

Abubuwan rashin lafiyan ba kasafai suke faruwa ba kuma yawanci ga wani ɓangaren (ɓangaren) rigakafin.

JADAWALIN YADDA AKEYI

An sabunta jadawalin allurar rigakafin (rigakafin) kowane watanni 12 daga Cibiyoyin Kula da Rigakafin Cututtuka na Amurka (CDC). Yi magana da mai ba ku sabis game da takamaiman rigakafin don ku ko yaranku. Ana samun shawarwarin yanzu a gidan yanar gizon CDC: www.cdc.gov/vaccines/schedules.

MATAFIYA

Gidan yanar gizon CDC (wwwnc.cdc.gov/travel) yana da cikakkun bayanai game da rigakafin rigakafi da sauran kiyayewa ga matafiya zuwa wasu ƙasashe. Yawancin rigakafi ya kamata a karɓa aƙalla wata 1 kafin tafiya.

Kawo rikodin rigakafinka yayin tafiya zuwa wasu ƙasashe. Wasu ƙasashe suna buƙatar wannan rikodin.

YADDA AKA SABA

• Alurar rigakafin cutar kaza
• Rigakafin DTaP (allurar rigakafi)
• Allurar cutar hepatitis A
• Cutar rigakafin hepatitis B
• Alurar rigakafin Hib
• Alurar rigakafin HPV
• Alurar rigakafin mura
• Allurar rigakafin cutar sankarau
• Rigakafin MMR
• Pneumococcal conjugate alurar riga kafi
• Pneumococcal polysaccharide rigakafin
• Rigakafin cutar shan inna (rigakafi)
• Alurar rigakafin Rotavirus
• Alurar rigakafin Shingles
• Alurar rigakafin Tdap
• Alurar rigakafin Tetanus

Alurar riga kafi; Rigakafi; Rigakafi; Allurar rigakafi; Rigakafin - maganin alurar riga kafi

• Rigakafi
• Rigakafi
• Magungunan rigakafi

Bernstein HH, Kilinsky A, Orenstein WA. Ayyukan rigakafi. A cikin: Kliegman RM, St. Geme JW, Blum NJ, Shah SS, Tasker RC, Wilson KM, eds. Nelson Littafin koyar da ilimin yara. 21st ed. Philadelphia, PA: Elsevier; 2020: babi 197.

Cibiyoyin Kula da Cututtuka da Rigakafin yanar gizo. Tambayoyin Thimerosal. www.cdc.gov/vaccinesafety/Concerns/thimerosal/thimerosal_faqs.html. An sabunta Agusta 19, 2020. An shiga Nuwamba 6, 2020.

Freedman MS, Hunter P, Ault K, Kroger A. Kwamitin shawarwari kan ayyukan rigakafi ya ba da shawarar jadawalin rigakafin ga manya masu shekaru 19 ko sama da haka - Amurka, 2020. MMWR Morb Mutuwa Wkly Rep. 2020; 69 (5): 133-135. PMID: 32027627 pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/32027627/.

Kroger AT, Pickering LK, Mawle A, Hinman AR, Orenstein WA. Rigakafi. A cikin: Bennett JE, Dolin R, Blaser MJ, eds. Mandell, Douglas, da Ka'idojin Bennett da Aiwatar da Cututtukan Cutar. 9th ed. Philadelphia, PA: Elsevier; 2020: babi na 316.

Robinson CL, Bernstein H, Poehling K, Romero JR, Szilagyi P. Kwamitin Shawara kan ayyukan rigakafi ya ba da shawarar jadawalin rigakafin yara da matasa masu shekaru 18 ko ƙarami - Amurka, 2020. MMWR Morb Mutuwa Wkly Rep. 2020; 69 (5): 130-132. PMID: 32027628 pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/32027628/.

Strikas RA, Orenstein WA. Rigakafi. A cikin: Goldman L, Schafer AI, eds. Magungunan Goldman-Cecil. 26th ed. Philadelphia, PA: Elsevier; 2020: babi na 15.