Gyara fuska da fuska

Sake gyaran kai da fuska shine tiyata don gyara ko sake fasalta nakasar kai da fuska (craniofacial).

Ta yaya aikin tiyata don nakasar kai da fuska (sake gina craniofacial) ya dogara da nau'in nakasa da nakasar, da yanayin mutum. Kalmar likitanci don wannan tiyatar shine sake gina craniofacial.

Gyara tiyata ya shafi kwanyar (cranium), kwakwalwa, jijiyoyi, idanu, da ƙashi da fatar fuska. Wannan shine dalilin da ya sa wani lokaci likitan filastik (don fata da fuska) da likitan jiji (kwakwalwa da jijiyoyi) suna aiki tare. Kwararrun likitocin kai da wuya suma suna gudanar da ayyukan sake gina craniofacial.

Anyi aikin tiyatar yayin da kuke bacci mai ƙwanƙwasa kuma ba tare da ciwo ba (a ƙarƙashin maganin rigakafi). Yin aikin na iya ɗaukar awanni 4 zuwa 12 ko fiye. Wasu kasusuwa na fuska ana yanka su kuma ana motsa su. Yayin aikin, ana motsa kyallen takarda kuma ana sake haɗa jijiyoyin jini da jijiyoyi ta hanyar amfani da dabarun yin aikin microscopic.

Za a iya ɗaukar ɓangaren kashi (ƙashin ƙashi) daga ƙashin ƙugu, haƙarƙari, ko kwanyar don cika wurare inda aka motsa ƙasusuwan fuska da kai. Ana iya amfani da ƙaramin gyale da faranti da aka yi da titanium ko na'urar gyarawa da aka yi da abubuwa masu iya ɗaukar hankali don riƙe ƙasusuwan a wurin. Hakanan za'a iya yin amfani da implants. Wsila za a iya haɗa jaƙu wuri ɗaya don riƙe sabbin matsayin ƙasusuwa a wurin. Don rufe ramuka, ana iya ɗaukar filo daga hannu, gindi, bangon kirji, ko cinya.

Wani lokaci aikin tiyatar na haifar da kumburin fuska, baki, ko wuya, wanda zai iya daukar makonni. Wannan na iya toshe hanyar iska. Don wannan, kuna iya buƙatar samun tracheostomy na ɗan lokaci. Wannan karamin rami ne wanda akeyi a wuyanka ta inda ake saka wani bututu (endotracheal tube) a cikin hanyar iska (trachea). Wannan zai baka damar yin numfashi lokacin da fuskarka da babar hanyar jirgin sama suka kumbura.

Za'a iya sake sake gina fannoni idan akwai:

• Lalacewar haihuwa da nakasa daga yanayi kamar su lebe ko leɓe, craniosynostosis, Apert syndrome
• Nakasassun da aka samu ta hanyar tiyata don magance ciwace-ciwace
• Raunin kai, fuska, ko muƙamuƙi
• Ƙari

Hadarin don maganin sa barci da tiyata gaba ɗaya shine:

• Matsalar numfashi
• Amsawa ga magunguna
• Zub da jini, toshewar jini, kamuwa da cuta

Hadarin ga tiyatar kai da fuska sune:

• Jijiyoyi (cututtukan jijiyoyin jiki) ko lalacewar kwakwalwa
• Bukatar yin tiyata mai zuwa, musamman ga yara masu tasowa
• Sashi ko asarar asarar kashi
• Sutura ta dindindin

Wadannan rikitarwa sun fi yawa ga mutanen da suka:

• Hayaki
• Yi rashin abinci mai gina jiki
• Samun wasu yanayin kiwon lafiya, kamar su lupus
• Yi yaduwar jini mara kyau
• Shin lalacewar jijiya da ta gabata

Kuna iya ɗaukar kwanakin 2 na farko bayan tiyata a cikin sashin kulawa mai ƙarfi. Idan baka da matsala, zaka iya barin asibitin cikin sati 1. Cikakken warkarwa na iya ɗaukar makonni 6 ko fiye. Kumburi zai inganta a cikin watanni masu zuwa.

Ana iya tsammanin bayyanar al'ada ta al'ada bayan tiyata. Wasu mutane suna buƙatar samun hanyoyin bibiya a cikin shekaru 1 zuwa 4 masu zuwa.

Yana da mahimmanci kada a buga wasanni na tuntuba na tsawon watanni 2 zuwa 6 bayan tiyata.

Mutanen da suka sami mummunan rauni galibi suna buƙatar yin aiki ta hanyar batutuwan motsin rai na rauni da canji a cikin bayyanar su. Yara da manya waɗanda suka sami mummunan rauni na iya samun raunin damuwa na ƙarshe, damuwa, da rikicewar damuwa. Tattaunawa da ƙwararren likitan ƙwaƙwalwa ko shiga ƙungiyar tallafi na iya zama taimako.

Iyayen yara masu nakasa a fuska galibi suna jin laifi ko kunya, musamman ma lokacin da nakasar take saboda yanayin dabi'arta. Yayinda yara ke girma kuma suka fahimci bayyanar su, alamun bayyanar cututtuka na iya haɓaka ko yin muni.

Maimaitawar Craniofacial; Tiyata-craniofacial tiyata; Gyaran fuska

• Kwanyar kai
• Kwanyar kai
• Cleft lebe gyara - jerin
• Maimaitawar Craniofacial - jerin

Baker SR. Sake ginin lahanin fuska. A cikin: Flint PW, Haughey BH, Lund V, et al, eds. Cummings Otolaryngology: Ciwon kai da wuya. Na 6 ed. Philadelphia, PA: Elsevier Saunders; 2015: sura 24.

McGrath MH, Pomerantz JH. Yin aikin tiyata. A cikin: Townsend CM Jr, Beauchamp RD, Evers BM, Mattox KL, eds. Littafin Sabiston na Tiyata: Tushen Halittu na Ayyukan Tiyata na Zamani. 20th ed. Philadelphia, PA: Elsevier; 2017: babi na 68.