Ciwon kwayar cutar Coronavirus 2019 (COVID-19)

Cutar Coronavirus 2019 (COVID-19) cuta ce ta numfashi wanda ke haifar da zazzaɓi, tari, da gajeren numfashi. COVID-19 mai saurin yaduwa, kuma ya yadu a duk duniya. Yawancin mutane suna samun rashin lafiya zuwa matsakaici. Manya tsofaffi da mutanen da ke da wasu halaye na lafiya suna cikin haɗarin rashin lafiya mai tsanani da mutuwa.

COVID-19 ana haifar da kwayar cutar SARS-CoV-2 (mai tsananin ciwo na numfashi coronavirus 2). Coronaviruses dangin ƙwayoyin cuta ne waɗanda ke iya shafar mutane da dabbobi. Suna iya haifar da cututtukan numfashi mai sauƙi zuwa matsakaici, kamar sanyi na yau da kullun. Wasu kwaroron kwaya na iya haifar da mummunar cuta wanda ke haifar da cutar huhu har ma da mutuwa.

COVID-19 an fara ruwaito shi a garin Wuhan, Lardin Hubei, China a farkon Disamba, 2019. Tun daga wannan lokacin, ya bazu ko'ina cikin duniya da kuma cikin Amurka.

SARS-CoV-2 betacoronavirus ne, kamar MERS da SARS coronaviruses, waɗanda duka suka samo asali daga jemage. Ana tunanin cewa kwayar ta yadu daga dabbobi zuwa mutane. Yanzu cutar ta fi yaduwa daga mutum zuwa mutum.

COVID-19 yana yaduwa ga mutane cikin kusanci (kusan ƙafa 6 ko mita 2). Lokacin da wani mai cutar ya yi tari, atishawa, waka, magana, ko numfashi, digo-digir-gir sai watsawa cikin iska. Kuna iya kamuwa da cutar idan kuna numfashi a cikin waɗannan ɗigunan ko sun shiga idanunku.

A wasu lokuta, COVID-19 na iya yadawa ta iska kuma ya kamu da mutane da ke sama da ƙafa 6 nesa. Droananan ɗigon ruwa da barbashi na iya kasancewa cikin iska na mintina zuwa awanni. Wannan ana kiransa watsawa ta iska, kuma yana iya faruwa a wuraren da aka kewaya tare da rashin iska mai kyau. Koyaya, ya fi dacewa ga COVID-19 don yaɗa ta hanyar kusanci.

Kadan sau da yawa, rashin lafiyar na iya yaduwa idan ka taɓa farfajiya tare da ƙwayar cuta a kanta, sannan ka taɓa idanunka, hanci, bakinka, ko fuskarka. Amma wannan ba ana zaton shine babbar hanyar da kwayar take yaduwa ba.

COVID-19 yana yaduwa daga mutum zuwa mutum da sauri. Cibiyoyin Kula da Rigakafin Cututtuka na Amurka (CDC) da Hukumar Lafiya ta Duniya (WHO) suna ɗaukar COVID-19 a matsayin babbar barazanar lafiyar jama'a a duniya da Amurka. Halin yana gudana cikin sauri, don haka yana da mahimmanci a bi jagorancin gida na yanzu akan yadda zaka kare kanka da wasu daga samun da kuma yada COVID-19.

COVID-19 bayyanar cututtuka sun kasance daga m zuwa mai tsanani. Tsoffin mutane da mutanen da ke da wasu halaye na kiwon lafiya da ke akwai suna da haɗarin kamuwa da cuta mai tsanani da mutuwa. Yanayin kiwon lafiya da ke ƙara wannan haɗarin sun haɗa da:

• Ciwon zuciya
• Ciwon koda
• COPD (cututtukan huhu na huɗu da ke faruwa)
• Kiba (BMI na 30 ko sama)
• Rubuta ciwon sukari na 2
• Rubuta ciwon sukari na 1
• Dasawar kwayoyin halitta
• Cutar sikila
• Ciwon daji
• Shan taba
• Rashin ciwo
• Ciki

Kwayar cutar COVID-19 na iya haɗawa da:

• Zazzaɓi
• Jin sanyi
• Tari
• Rashin numfashi ko wahalar numfashi
• Gajiya
• Ciwon tsoka
• Ciwon kai
• Rashin jin dandano ko wari
• Ciwon wuya
• Cushewar hanci ko hanci
• Tashin zuciya ko amai
• Gudawa

(Lura: Wannan ba cikakken jerin alamun bayyanar cututtuka ba ne. Ana iya ƙarawa yayin da masana kiwon lafiya ke koyo game da cutar.)

Wasu mutane na iya zama ba su da wata alama ko kaɗan ko kuma suna da wasu, amma ba duka alamun ba ne.

Kwayar cututtukan na iya bayyana cikin kwanaki 2 zuwa 14 bayan fallasa su. Mafi sau da yawa, bayyanar cututtuka suna bayyana kusan kwanaki 5 bayan fallasa. Koyaya, zaku iya yada kwayar cutar koda kuwa baku da alamun bayyanar.

Severearin cututtuka masu tsanani waɗanda ke buƙatar neman taimakon likita yanzun nan sun haɗa da:

• Matsalar numfashi
• Ciwon kirji ko matsin lamba da ke ci gaba
• Rikicewa
• Rashin iya farkawa
• Blue lebe ko fuska

Idan kana da alamun cutar COVID-19, mai ba ka kiwon lafiya na iya yanke shawarar gwada ka don cutar.

Idan kayi gwaji akan COVID-19, za a tattara abubuwan da ake shafawa daga bayan hanci, ta gaban hancin, ko maƙogwaro. Idan ana tunanin mutum yana da COVID-19, za a gwada waɗannan samfuran na SARS-CoV-2.

Idan kana murmurewa a gida, ana ba da kulawa ta tallafi don taimakawa bayyanar cututtuka. Mutanen da ke fama da tsananin rashin lafiya za a kula da su a asibiti. Wasu mutane ana basu magungunan gwaji.

Idan ana kula da ku a asibiti kuma kuna karɓar maganin oxygen, jiyya ga COVID-19 na iya haɗawa da magunguna masu zuwa, waɗanda har yanzu ana kimanta su:

• Remdesivir, wani maganin rigakafin kwayar cutar, don taimakawa rage kwayar cutar. Ana ba da wannan magani ta jijiya (IV).
• Dexamethasone, maganin cututtukan steroid, don taimakawa rage yawan amsawar rigakafi a cikin jiki. Idan dexamethasone bai samu ba, za'a iya baka wani maganin corticosteroid kamar prednisone, methylprednisolone ko hydrocortisone.
• Dogaro da yanayinku, za a iya ba ku ɗaya ko ɗaya maganin, ko kuma ku bi magunguna duka.
• Za a yi muku maganin duk wata matsala daga cutar. Misali, ana iya baka magungunan rage jini don taimakawa rage rage jini, ko kuma kana iya yin wankin koda idan kodan ka basa aiki yadda yakamata.

Idan kun gwada tabbatacce ga COVID-19 kuma kuna cikin haɗarin haɗari mai tsanani daga cutar, mai ba ku sabis na iya ba da shawarar magunguna da ake kira ƙwayoyin cuta na monoclonal.

Bamlanivimab ko casirivimab da imdevimab sune irin waɗannan tsarin mulki guda biyu waɗanda FDA ta amince da amfani da gaggawa.Idan aka ba ku jim kadan bayan kun kamu da cutar, wadannan magunguna na iya taimaka wa garkuwar jikinku ta yaki kwayar. Ana iya ba su ga mutanen da ke da rauni mai sauƙi zuwa matsakaici waɗanda ba a kwantar da su a asibiti.

Sauran maganin da ake iya yi, kamar ruwan jini daga mutanen da suka kamu da COVID-19 kuma suka warke, ana nazarin su, amma babu wadatar shaidu da za ta ba da shawarar su a wannan lokacin.

Dangane da shaidar da ke akwai, jagororin jiyya na yanzu daga Cibiyoyin Kiwon Lafiya na ƙasa sun ba da shawarar yin amfani da wasu magunguna don COVID-19, gami da chloroquine da hydroxychloroquine. Kada ku ɗauki kowace ƙwayoyi don magance COVID-19 sai dai waɗanda mai ba ku sabis ya tsara. Binciki mai ba ku sabis kafin ku kula da kanku ko ƙaunataccen bitamin, abubuwan gina jiki, ko duk wani magani da aka rubuta a baya don wasu matsalolin lafiya.

Matsaloli na iya haɗawa da:

• Lalacewa ga zuciya da jijiyoyin jini, kodoji, kwakwalwa, fata, idanu, da gabobin ciki
• Rashin numfashi
• Mutuwa

Ya kamata ku tuntuɓi mai ba ku sabis:

• Idan kana da alamun cuta kuma ka yi tunanin wataƙila ka kamu da cutar ta COVID-19
• Idan kana da COVID-19 kuma alamun ka suna ta yin muni

Kira 911 ko lambar gaggawa na gida idan kuna da:

• Matsalar numfashi
• Jin zafi ko matsin lamba
• Rikicewa ko rashin iya farkawa
• Blue lebe ko fuska
• Duk sauran alamun da ke da tsanani ko damuwa da kai
  

Kafin ka je ofishin likita ko sashen gaggawa na asibiti (ED), kira gaba ka gaya musu cewa kana da ko kuma kana tunanin za ka iya samun COVID-19. Faɗa musu game da kowane irin yanayi da za ku iya samu, kamar cututtukan zuciya, ciwon suga, ko cutar huhu. Sanya abin rufe fuska da mayafi a kalla sau biyu lokacin da ka ziyarci ofishi ko ED, sai dai idan hakan ya sanya numfashi da wuya. Wannan zai taimaka kare wasu mutane da kuke hulɗa dasu.

Ana amfani da rigakafin COVID-19 don haɓaka garkuwar jiki da kuma kariya daga COVID-19. Wadannan rigakafin sune kayan aiki masu mahimmanci don taimakawa dakatar da cutar ta COVID-19.

A halin yanzu akwai wadatattun kayayyaki na rigakafin COVID-19. Saboda wannan, CDC ta ba da shawarwari ga gwamnatocin jihohi da ƙananan hukumomi game da wanda ya kamata ya fara rigakafin rigakafi. Bincika sashen kiwon lafiyar ku na gida dan samun bayanai a cikin jihar ku.

Koda bayan an karɓi allurar rigakafin duka biyu, har yanzu kana buƙatar ci gaba da sanya abin rufe fuska, ka kasance a ƙalla ƙafa 6 nesa da wasu, kuma ka wanke hannuwan ka sau da yawa.

Har yanzu masana na koyon yadda allurar rigakafin COVID-19 ke ba da kariya, don haka ya kamata mu ci gaba da yin duk abin da za mu iya don hana yaduwarta. Misali, ba a san ko mutumin da aka yiwa rigakafin zai iya yada kwayar ba, duk da cewa suna da kariya daga ita.

A saboda wannan dalili, har sai an san da yawa, amfani da alluran rigakafi da matakai don kare wasu sune hanya mafi kyau don zama lafiya da ƙoshin lafiya.

Idan kuna da COVID-19 ko kuna da alamun cutar, dole ne ku keɓe kanku a gida kuma ku guji hulɗa da wasu mutane, a ciki da wajen gidanku, don guje wa yada cutar. Ana kiran wannan keɓewar gida ko keɓe kai. Ya kamata ku yi wannan nan da nan kuma kada ku jira kowane gwajin COVID-19.

• Duk yadda zai yiwu, zauna a wani daki kaɗan nesa da wasu a cikin gidan ku. Yi amfani da gidan wanka daban idan zaka iya. Kada ku fita daga gidanku sai dai don samun kulawar likita.
• Kada ku yi tafiya yayin rashin lafiya. Kada kayi amfani da safarar jama'a ko taksi.
• Kula da alamun ku. Kuna iya karɓar umarni kan yadda za a bincika da kuma bayar da rahoton alamun alamunku.
• Kasance tare da likitanka. Kafin ka je ofishin likita ko sashin gaggawa (ED), kira gaba ka gaya musu cewa kana da ko kana tunanin za ka iya samun COVID-19.
• Yi amfani da abin rufe fuska lokacin da ka ga mai ba ka sabis da kowane lokaci da wasu mutane suna cikin ɗaki ɗaya tare da kai. Idan ba za ku iya sa abin rufe fuska ba, alal misali, saboda matsalar numfashi, ya kamata mutane a cikin gidanku su sanya abin rufe fuska idan suna bukatar kasancewa tare da ku a daki ɗaya.
• Guji hulɗa da dabbobi ko wasu dabbobi. (SARS-CoV-2 na iya yaduwa daga mutane zuwa dabbobi, amma ba a san yadda sau da yawa wannan ke faruwa ba.)
• Ka rufe bakinka da hancinka da nama ko hannun riga (ba hannayenka ba) yayin tari ko atishawa. Riga da ake fitarwa yayin da mutum yayi atishawa ko tari yana da cutar. Yi watsi da nama bayan amfani.
• Wanke hannayenka sau da yawa a rana da sabulu da ruwan famfo na aƙalla sakan 20. Yi haka kafin cin abinci ko shirya abinci, bayan amfani da bayan gida, da kuma bayan tari, atishawa, ko hura hanci. Yi amfani da man gogewar hannu mai ƙarancin giya (aƙalla kashi 60% na barasa) idan ba a samu sabulu da ruwa ba.
• Guji shafar fuskarka, idanunka, hanci, da bakinka da hannuwan da ba a wanke ba.
• Kada ku raba abubuwan sirri kamar su kofuna, kayan cin abinci, tawul, ko kayan kwanciya. Wanke duk abin da kuka yi amfani da shi a sabulu da ruwa.
• Tsaftace dukkan wuraren "high-touch" a cikin gida, kamar ƙofar ƙofa, banɗaki da kayan ɗakunan girki, banɗaki, wayoyi, alluna, da kuma kanti da sauran wurare. Yi amfani da feshi mai tsafta kuma bi umarnin don amfani.

Ya kamata ku kasance a gida, ku guji hulɗa da mutane, kuma ku bi jagorancin mai ba ku da sashen kiwon lafiya na gida game da lokacin da za ku daina keɓe gida.

Yana da mahimmanci kuma don taimakawa yaduwar cutar don kare mutanen da ke cikin haɗarin mummunar cuta da kuma kare masu samar da su waɗanda ke sahun gaba na ma'amala da COVID-19.

Saboda wannan dalili, yakamata kowa yayi nesa da jiki. Nufin wannan:

• Kauce wa cunkoson wuraren taron jama'a da taron jama'a, kamar wuraren cin kasuwa, gidajen silima, dakunan kide kide, taro, da filayen wasanni.
• Kada ku tara cikin rukunin da suka fi girma 10. werananan mutanen da kuke ɓata lokaci tare, sun fi kyau.
• Kasance a ƙalla ƙafa 6 (mita 2) daga sauran mutane.
• Yi aiki daga gida (idan wannan zaɓi ne).
• Idan dole ne ku fita, sa abin rufe fuska ko mayafin fuskar zane a wuraren da zai yi wahala a kiyaye nesanta jiki, kamar kantin kayan masarufi.

Don gano abin da ke faruwa a cikin alumman ku, bincika gidan yanar gizon ku na gida ko na jihar.

Ara koyo game da COVID-19 kuma ku:

• karafarini.hhs.gov
• www.cdc.gov/coronavirus/2019-ncov/index.html

Don sabon bayanin bincike:

• karun19.nih.gov

Bayani game da COVID-19 daga Hukumar Lafiya ta Duniya:

• www.who.int/emergencies/diseases/novel-coronavirus-2019

Coronavirus - 2019; Coronavirus - labari na 2019; sabuwar cutar coronavirus ta 2019; SARS-CoV-2

• CUTAR COVID-19
• Coronavirus
• Tsarin numfashi
• Hanyar numfashi ta sama
• Respiratoryananan hanyar numfashi
• Abubuwan rufe fuska suna hana yaduwar COVID-19
• Yadda ake saka abin rufe fuska don hana yaduwar COVID-19
• Maganin rigakafin cutar covid-19

Cibiyoyin Kula da Cututtuka da Rigakafin yanar gizo. COVID-19: Yadda zaka kiyaye kanka da wasu. www.cdc.gov/coronavirus/2019-ncov/prevent-getting-sick/prevention.html. An sabunta Fabrairu 4, 2021. Shiga cikin Fabrairu 6, 2021.

Cibiyoyin Kula da Cututtuka da Rigakafin yanar gizo. COVID-19: Ma'aikatan kiwon lafiya: Bayani kan COVID-19. www.cdc.gov/coronavirus/2019-nCoV/hcp/index.html. An sabunta Fabrairu 11, 2020. Iso ga Fabrairu 11, 2021.

Cibiyoyin Kula da Cututtuka da Rigakafin yanar gizo. COVID-19: Jagorar lafiyar jama'a game da fallasa da suka shafi al'umma. www.cdc.gov/coronavirus/2019-ncov/php/public-health-recommendations.html. An sabunta Disamba 3, 2020. Shiga cikin Fabrairu 6, 2021.

Cibiyoyin Kula da Cututtuka da Rigakafin yanar gizo. COVID-19: Tambayoyi akai-akai game da rigakafin COVID-19. www.cdc.gov/coronavirus/2019-ncov/vaccines/faq.html. An sabunta Janairu 25, 2021. Shiga cikin Fabrairu 6, 2021.

Cibiyoyin Kula da Cututtuka da Rigakafin yanar gizo. COVID-19: Kulawa da likitocin ku na iya bada shawarar idan bakada lafiya. www.cdc.gov/coronavirus/2019-ncov/your-health/treatments-for-severe-illness.html. An sabunta Disamba 8, 2020. Shiga cikin Fabrairu 6, 2021.

Cibiyoyin Kula da Cututtuka da Rigakafin yanar gizo. COVID-19: Abin da za a yi idan ba ku da lafiya. www.cdc.gov/coronavirus/2019-ncov/if-you-are-sick/steps-when-sick.html. An sabunta Disamba 31. Iso zuwa Fabrairu 6, 2021.

Cibiyoyin Lafiya na Kasa. Ka'idodin maganin COVID-19. Gudanar da lafiyar marasa lafiya tare da COVID-19. www.covid19treatmentguidelines.nih.gov/therapeutic-management/. An sabunta Fabrairu 11, 2021. An shiga 11 ga Fabrairu, 2021.