Gwajin Acid-Fast Bacillus (AFB)

Wadatacce

• Menene gwajin acid-fast bacillus (AFB)?
• Me ake amfani da su?
• Me yasa nake buƙatar gwajin AFB?
• Menene ya faru yayin gwajin AFB?
• Shin zan bukaci yin komai don shirya wa gwajin?
• Shin akwai haɗari ga gwajin?
• Menene sakamakon yake nufi?
• Shin akwai wani abin da nake buƙatar sani game da gwajin AFB?
• Bayani

Menene gwajin acid-fast bacillus (AFB)?

Acid-fast bacillus (AFB) wani nau'in kwayan cuta ne dake haifar da tarin fuka da wasu cutuka. Cutar tarin fuka, wanda aka fi sani da tarin fuka, cuta ce ta ƙwayoyin cuta wacce ta fi shafar huhu. Hakanan yana iya shafar wasu sassan jiki, gami da kwakwalwa, kashin baya, da koda. Cutar tarin fuka tana yaduwa daga mutum zuwa mutum ta hanyar tari ko atishawa.

TB na iya zama latent ko aiki. Idan kana da cutar tarin fuka, zaka sami kwayar cutar tarin fuka a jikinka amma ba zaka ji ciwo ba kuma baza ka iya yada cutar ga wasu ba. Idan kana da cutar tarin fuka, zaka sami alamun cutar kuma zaka iya yada cutar ga wasu.

Ana yin gwajin AFB yawanci don mutanen da ke da alamun cutar tarin fuka. Gwajin yana neman kasancewar kwayoyin AFB a cikin maniyyin ka. Sputum wani ƙura ne mai kauri wanda yake tari daga huhu. Ya bambanta da tofawa ko yawu.

Akwai manyan nau'ikan nau'ikan gwajin AFB guda biyu:

• AFB shafawa. A wannan gwajin, ana "shafa" samfurinku a kan gilashin gilashin kuma an kalle shi a ƙarƙashin madubi. Zai iya samar da sakamako cikin kwanaki 1-2. Waɗannan sakamakon na iya nuna yiwuwar ko wataƙila kamuwa da cuta, amma ba za su iya ba da tabbataccen ganewar asali ba.
• Al'adun AFB. A wannan gwajin, ana daukar samfurinku zuwa dakin gwaje-gwaje kuma a sanya su cikin yanayi na musamman don ƙarfafa haɓakar ƙwayoyin cuta. Al'adun AFB na iya tabbatar da tabbataccen bincike na tarin fuka ko wata cuta. Amma yana ɗaukar makonni 6-8 don haɓaka isasshen ƙwayoyin cuta don gano kamuwa da cuta.

Sauran sunaye: shafawar AFB da al'ada, al'adun tarin fuka da ƙwarewa, shafawa da al'adu na mycobacteria

Me ake amfani da su?

Gwajin AFB galibi ana amfani dashi don gano cutar mai tarin fuka (TB). Hakanan za'a iya amfani dasu don taimakawa wajen gano wasu nau'in cututtukan AFB. Wadannan sun hada da:

• Kuturta, cutar da ake tsoro sau ɗaya, amma cuta mai saurin sauƙi kuma mai saurin magani wacce ke shafar jijiyoyi, idanu, da fata. Fata sau da yawa yakan zama ja kuma mai walƙiya, tare da asarar ji.
• Kamuwa da cuta mai kama da tarin fuka wanda galibi ke shafar masu cutar HIV / AIDs da wasu da ke da rauni a garkuwar jikinsu.

Hakanan ana iya amfani da gwajin AFB ga mutanen da suka riga sun kamu da tarin fuka. Gwajin na iya nuna idan maganin na aiki, kuma ko har yanzu cutar na iya yaduwa zuwa wasu.

Me yasa nake buƙatar gwajin AFB?

Kuna iya buƙatar gwajin AFB idan kuna da alamun cutar tarin fuka. Wadannan sun hada da:

• Tari wanda zai kai makonni uku ko fiye
• Tari da jini da / ko maniyi
• Ciwon kirji
• Zazzaɓi
• Gajiya
• Zufar dare
• Rashin nauyi mara nauyi

Tb mai aiki na iya haifar da bayyanar cututtuka a wasu sassan jiki banda huhu. Kwayar cutar ta bambanta dangane da wane ɓangare na jiki. Don haka kuna iya buƙatar gwaji idan kuna da:

• Ciwon baya
• Jini a cikin fitsarinku
• Ciwon kai
• Hadin gwiwa
• Rashin ƙarfi

Hakanan zaka iya buƙatar gwaji idan kana da wasu abubuwan haɗari. Kuna iya kasancewa cikin haɗarin kamuwa da tarin fuka idan kun:

• Kasance kuna kusanci da wanda aka gano yana da tarin fuka
• Yi HIV ko wata cuta da ke raunana garkuwar ku
• Rayuwa ko aiki a wani wuri mai yawan cutar tarin fuka. Wadannan sun hada da gidajen marasa gida, gidajen kula da tsofaffi, da gidajen yari.

Menene ya faru yayin gwajin AFB?

Mai ba ku kiwon lafiya zai buƙaci samfurin na mahaɗinku don duka shafawar AFB da al'adun AFB. Ana yin gwaje-gwaje biyu a lokaci guda. Don samun samfuran sputum:

• Za a umarce ku da yin tari mai yawa kuma tofa a cikin kwandon mara lafiya. Kuna buƙatar yin wannan don kwana biyu ko uku a jere. Wannan yana taimakawa tabbatar samfurinka yana da isashshen ƙwayoyin cuta don gwaji.
• Idan kuna da matsala tari na isasshen maniyi, mai ba ku sabis na iya tambayar ku ku shaƙa a cikin hazo mai saline (gishiri) wanda zai iya taimaka muku tari sosai.
• Idan har yanzu ba ku iya yin tari mai yawa ba, mai ba ku sabis na iya yin aikin da ake kira bronchoscopy. A cikin wannan aikin, da farko za ku sami magani don haka ba za ku ji wani ciwo ba. Bayan haka, za a saka siririn bututu mai haske, ta bakinka ko hancinka da kuma hanyoyin iska. Ana iya tattara samfurin ta tsotsa ko tare da ƙaramin goga.

Shin zan bukaci yin komai don shirya wa gwajin?

Ba ku da wani shiri na musamman don shafa wa AFB shafa ko al'ada.

Shin akwai haɗari ga gwajin?

Babu haɗari ga samar da samfurin maniyyi ta tari a cikin akwati. Idan kana da maganin cutar shan magani, makogwaronka na iya jin ciwo bayan aikin. Hakanan akwai ƙaramin haɗarin kamuwa da cuta da zubar jini a wurin da aka ɗauki samfurin.

Menene sakamakon yake nufi?

Idan sakamakonka akan shafawa na AFB ko al'ada ba shi da kyau, tabbas ba ku da TB mai aiki. Amma kuma yana iya nufin babu wadatattun ƙwayoyin cuta a cikin samfurin don mai ba da lafiyar ku yin bincike.

Idan shafawar AFB ɗinku tabbatacciya ce, yana nufin wataƙila kuna da tarin fuka ko wata cuta, amma ana buƙatar al'adun AFB tabbatar da ganewar asali. Sakamakon al'adu na iya ɗaukar makonni da yawa, don haka mai ba ku sabis na iya yanke shawarar magance cutar ku a halin yanzu.

Idan al'adunku na AFB sun kasance masu kyau, yana nufin kuna da tarin TB ko wani nau'in kamuwa da cutar AFB. Al'adar zata iya gano ko wane irin cuta ne. Da zarar an gano ku, mai ba ku sabis na iya yin odan "gwajin mai saukin kamuwa" a kan samfurinku. Ana amfani da gwajin saukin kamuwa don taimakawa tantance wane kwayar maganin zai ba da magani mafi inganci.

Idan kuna da tambayoyi game da sakamakonku, yi magana da mai ba ku kiwon lafiya.

Learnara koyo game da gwaje-gwajen gwaje-gwaje, jeri na tunani, da fahimtar sakamako.

Shin akwai wani abin da nake buƙatar sani game da gwajin AFB?

Idan ba a magance shi ba, tarin fuka na iya zama mai mutuwa. Amma mafi yawan lokuta na tarin fuka ana iya warkewa idan ka sha maganin rigakafi kamar yadda mai kula da lafiyar ka ya umurta. Yin maganin tarin fuka yana ɗaukar lokaci mai tsawo fiye da magance wasu nau'in cututtukan ƙwayoyin cuta. Bayan 'yan makonni kan maganin rigakafi, ba za ku ƙara yaduwa ba, amma har yanzu kuna da tarin fuka. Don magance tarin fuka, kana buƙatar shan maganin rigakafi na tsawon watanni shida zuwa tara. Tsawon lokacin ya dogara da cikakkiyar lafiyarku, shekarunku, da sauran abubuwan. Yana da mahimmanci a sha maganin rigakafin har zuwa lokacin da mai bayarwa ya gaya maka, koda kuwa kana jin sauki. Tsayawa da wuri na iya sa cutar ta dawo.

Bayani

1. Cibiyoyin Kula da Rigakafin Cututtuka [Intanet]. Atlanta: Ma'aikatar Kiwon Lafiya ta Amurka da Ayyukan Dan Adam; Bayanai na TB na asali; [aka ambata a cikin 2019 Oct 4]; [game da fuska 3]. Akwai daga: https://www.cdc.gov/tb/topic/basics/default.htm
2. Cibiyoyin Kula da Rigakafin Cututtuka [Intanet]. Atlanta: Ma'aikatar Kiwon Lafiya ta Amurka da Ayyukan Dan Adam; Rashin Kamuwa da Cutar tarin fuka da cutar tarin fuka; [aka ambata a cikin 2019 Oct 4]; [game da fuska 4]. Akwai daga: https://www.cdc.gov/tb/topic/basics/tbinfectiondisease.htm
3. Cibiyoyin Kula da Rigakafin Cututtuka [Intanet]. Atlanta: Ma'aikatar Kiwon Lafiya ta Amurka da Ayyukan Dan Adam; Dalilai Masu Hadarin TB; [wanda aka ambata a cikin 2019 Oct 4]; [game da fuska 4]. Akwai daga: https://www.cdc.gov/tb/topic/basics/risk.htm
4. Cibiyoyin Kula da Rigakafin Cututtuka [Intanet]. Atlanta: Ma'aikatar Kiwon Lafiya ta Amurka da Ayyukan Dan Adam; Jiyya don cutar tarin fuka; [aka ambata a cikin 2019 Oct 4]; [game da fuska 4]. Akwai daga: https://www.cdc.gov/tb/topic/treatment/tbdisease.htm
5. Cibiyoyin Kula da Rigakafin Cututtuka [Intanet]. Atlanta: Ma'aikatar Kiwon Lafiya ta Amurka da Ayyukan Dan Adam; Menene Cutar Hansen ?; [aka ambata a cikin 2019 Oct 21]; [game da fuska 3]. Akwai daga: https://www.cdc.gov/leprosy/about/about.html
6. Gwaje-gwajen Lab a kan layi [Intanet]. Washington DC: Associationungiyar (asar Amirka don Nazarin Kimiyyar Clinical; c2001–2019. Gwajin Acid-Fast Bacillus (AFB); [sabunta 2019 Sep 23; da aka ambata 2019 Oct 4]; [game da allo 2]. Akwai daga: https://labtestsonline.org/tests/acid-fast-bacillus-afb-testing
7. Mayo Clinic [Intanet]. Gidauniyar Mayo don Ilimin Likita da Bincike; c1998–2019. Tarin fuka: Cutar cututtuka da sanadinsa; 2019 Jan 30 [wanda aka ambata 2019 Oct 4]; [game da fuska 3]. Akwai daga: https://www.mayoclinic.org/diseases-conditions/tuberculosis/symptoms-causes/syc-20351250
8. Kiwan lafiya na UF: Kiwon Lafiya na Jami'ar Florida [Intanet]. Gainesville (FL): Jami'ar Florida; c2019. Bronchoscopy: Bayani; [sabunta 2019 Oct 4; da aka ambata 2019 Oct 4]; [game da allo 2]. Akwai daga: https://ufhealth.org/bronchoscopy
9. Kiwan lafiya na UF: Kiwon Lafiya na Jami'ar Florida [Intanet]. Gainesville (FL): Jami'ar Florida; c2019. Sputum tabo don mycobacteria: Bayani; [sabunta 2019 Oct 4; da aka ambata 2019 Oct 4]; [game da allo 2]. Akwai daga: https://ufhealth.org/sputum-stain-mycobacteria
10. Jami'ar Rochester Medical Center [Intanet]. Rochester (NY): Jami'ar Rochester Medical Center; c2019. Lafiya Encyclopedia: Acid-Fast Bacteria Al'adu; [wanda aka ambata a cikin 2019 Oct 4]; [game da allo 2]. Akwai daga: https://www.urmc.rochester.edu/encyclopedia/content.aspx?contenttypeid=167&contentid=acid_fast_bacteria_culture
11. Jami'ar Rochester Medical Center [Intanet]. Rochester (NY): Jami'ar Rochester Medical Center; c2019. Lafiya Encyclopedia: Acid-Fast Kwayoyin cuta shafawa; [wanda aka ambata a cikin 2019 Oct 4]; [game da allo 2]. Akwai daga: https://www.urmc.rochester.edu/encyclopedia/content.aspx?contenttypeid=167&contentid=acid_fast_bacteria_smear
12. Kiwon Lafiya UW [Intanet]. Madison (WI): Jami'ar Wisconsin Asibitoci da Hukumomin Kula da Lafiya; c2019. Gwaje-gwajen Gaggauta na Sputum don tarin fuka (TB): Topic Overview; [sabunta 2019 Jun 9; da aka ambata 2019 Oct 4]; [game da allo 2]. Akwai daga: https://www.uwhealth.org/health/topic/special/rapid-sputum-tests-for-tuberculosis-tb/abk7483.html
13. Kiwon Lafiya UW [Intanet]. Madison (WI): Jami'ar Wisconsin Asibitoci da Hukumomin Kula da Lafiya; c2019. Al'adar Maraice: Yadda Ake Yi; [sabunta 2019 Jun 9; da aka ambata 2019 Oct 4]; [game da fuska 5]. Akwai daga: https://www.uwhealth.org/health/topic/medicaltest/sputum-culture/hw5693.html#hw5711
14. Kiwon Lafiya UW [Intanet]. Madison (WI): Jami'ar Wisconsin Asibitoci da Hukumomin Kula da Lafiya; c2019. Al'adar Maraice: Hadari; [sabunta 2019 Jun 9; da aka ambata 2019 Oct 4]; [game da fuska 7]. Akwai daga: https://www.uwhealth.org/health/topic/medicaltest/sputum-culture/hw5693.html#hw5721

Ba za a yi amfani da bayanan da ke wannan rukunin yanar gizon a madadin madadin ƙwararrun likitocin ko shawara ba. Tuntuɓi mai ba da kiwon lafiya idan kuna da tambayoyi game da lafiyarku.