Pituitary adenoma: menene menene, manyan dalilai da magani

Wadatacce

• Babban bayyanar cututtuka
• 1. Lactotrophic adenoma
• 2. Somatotrophic adenoma
• 3. Corticotrophic adenoma
• 4. Gonadotrophic adenoma
• 5. Thyrotrophic adenoma
• 6. Rashin boye adenoma
• Abubuwan da ke haifar da adenoma na pituitary
• Yadda za a tabbatar da ganewar asali
• Yadda ake yin maganin
• Tiyata
• Magunguna

Pituitary adenoma, wanda aka fi sani da pituitary adenoma, wani nau'i ne na ciwon mara mai kyau, wanda shine glandon da ke cikin kwakwalwa kuma yana da alhakin sarrafa samar da homonu kamar cortisol, prolactin, hormone mai girma da homonin da ke motsa ƙwayayin aiki da ƙwanji , misali.

Irin wannan ciwon yana da wuya kuma, saboda yana da kyau, baya sanya rayuwa cikin haɗari, duk da haka yana iya haifar da alamomin da ke rage ƙimar rayuwa kamar rashin haihuwa, rage libido, samar da madara ko alamun jijiyoyin jiki kamar ciwon kai ko asarar jiki hangen nesa

Duk lokacin da alamomi suka bayyana wanda zai iya nuna adenoma a cikin gland, to yana da mahimmanci a tuntubi likitan endocrinologist, neurologist ko oncologist don gudanar da gwaje-gwajen bincike, gano matsalar da fara maganin da ya dace.

Babban bayyanar cututtuka

A mafi yawan lokuta, alamomin cutar adenoma na yau da kullun sune ciwon kai, rage gani, rage sha'awar jima'i da canje-canje a al'adar mata.

Koyaya, akwai wasu alamun alamun da zasu iya bayyana kuma hakan ya bambanta gwargwadon nau'in hormone wanda adenoma ya shafa:

1. Lactotrophic adenoma

Lactotrophic pituitary adenoma yana dauke da hyperprolactinemia, wanda shine karuwar hormone prolactin, da alhakin samar da madara. A wannan nau'in adenoma babban alamomin shine samar da madara a kirjin maza ko mata wadanda basa shayarwa.

Bugu da kari, sauran alamomin da zasu iya faruwa sune raguwar sha'awar jima'i, rashin haihuwa, canjin al'ada ko rashin karfin maza.

2. Somatotrophic adenoma

Somatotrophic pituitary adenoma yana tattare da haɓakar haɓakar haɓakar hormone kuma yana iya haifar da ƙaruwa da girma da kauri na yatsun hannu da yatsun kafa, ban da ƙaruwar goshi, muƙamuƙi da hanci wanda ke canza fasalin fuska. Wannan yanayin ana kiransa da suna 'acromegaly', a cikin manya, ko kuma gigantism, a cikin yara.

Bugu da kari, sauran alamun da ka iya faruwa sun hada da ciwon gabobi, raunin tsoka, rage sha'awar jima'i, canje-canje a tsarin al'ada, karuwar zufa ko kasala.

3. Corticotrophic adenoma

Corticotrophic pituitary adenoma yana da alaƙa da haɓakar haɓakar hormone cortisol, wanda ke da alhakin ƙara matakan glucose na jini da ajiyar kitse a cikin ɗakuna da gabobi.

Gabaɗaya, irin wannan adenoma na pituitary adenoma na iya haifar da ciwon Cushing wanda ke haifar da alamomin saurin ɗaukar nauyi, tara kitse a fuska da baya, raunin tsoka, gashi a kunnuwa da matsalolin fata kamar su kuraje da warkarwa mara kyau, misali.

Bugu da kari, irin wannan adenoma na pituitary adenoma na iya haifar da damuwa da sauyin yanayi.

4. Gonadotrophic adenoma

Gonadotrophic pituitary adenoma yana da alaƙa da haɓaka haɓakar homonu waɗanda ke kula da ƙwanƙwasawar mata a ciki da kuma samar da maniyyi a cikin maza. Koyaya, wannan nau'in adenoma na pituitary bashi da takamaiman alamun bayyanar.

5. Thyrotrophic adenoma

Thyrotrophic adenoma wani nau'i ne na adenoma na pituitary wanda a cikinsa akwai karuwar samar da sinadarin thyroid wanda zai iya haifar da hyperthyroidism. Kwayar cututtukan irin wannan adenoma na pituitary adenoma sun hada da karin bugun zuciya, tashin hankali, tashin hankali, rage nauyi, rawar jiki ko tsinkayen kwayar ido, misali.

6. Rashin boye adenoma

Adenoma mara sirrin na adenoma wani nau'in adenoma ne wanda baya tsoma baki tare da samar da homon, baya haifar da karuwar homonin kuma gaba daya baya nuna alamun. Koyaya, idan adenoma ya ci gaba da girma, zai iya sanya matsin lamba a kan gland ɗin kuma yana haifar da canje-canje na hormonal.

Abubuwan da ke haifar da adenoma na pituitary

Abubuwan da ke haifar da adenoma na pituitary har yanzu ba a san su ba, duk da haka wasu nazarin sun nuna cewa irin wannan ƙari na iya faruwa saboda canje-canje a cikin DNA na sel ko a cikin mutanen da ke da wasu abubuwan haɗari kamar:

• Yawancin endoprine neoplasia: wannan ciwo wata cuta ce da ba a cika gadon ta ba sakamakon canje-canje a cikin DNA wanda ke haifar da ƙari ko ƙara haɓakar gland daban-daban a cikin jiki, gami da glandon ƙuruciya, wanda na iya ƙara haɗarin cutar pituitary adenoma;
• Cutar McCune-Albright: wannan cututtukan kwayar halitta da ba safai suke faruwa ba saboda canje-canje a cikin DNA kuma zai iya haifar da canje-canje a cikin samar da homonon gland na pituitary kuma, ban da matsaloli a ƙasusuwa da fata;
• Kamfanin Carney: wata cuta ce mai saurin yaduwar iyali wanda zai iya haifar da adenoma na pituitary da sauran cututtukan da ke haɗuwa kamar prostate ko thyroid da ovaries cysts.

Bugu da kari, fiddawar iska na iya kara barazanar canje-canje a cikin DNA da ci gaban adenoma na pituitary.

Yadda za a tabbatar da ganewar asali

Ganewar cutar adenoma ta pituitary adenoma ana yin ta ne ta hanyar likitan jiji ko kuma masanin ilimin kanjamau bisa ga alamomi da gwaje-gwajen gwaje-gwaje don bincika matakan hormone kuma ya haɗa da:

• Cortisol a cikin fitsari, yau ko jini;
• Luteotrophic hormone da follicle mai motsa motsa jiki a cikin jini;
• Prolactin a cikin jini;
• Hanyar glycemic;
• Hormone na thyroid kamar TSH, T3 da T4 a cikin jini.

Bugu da ƙari, don tabbatar da ganewar asali, likita na iya buƙatar MRI na gland.

Yadda ake yin maganin

Za a iya yin maganin adenoma na pituitary adenoma tare da amfani da magani ko tiyata kuma ya dogara da nau'in adenoma da girman ƙari:

Tiyata

Ana nuna tiyata lokacin da adenoma na pituitary ba asirce ba kuma ya fi 1 cm girma. Bugu da ƙari, a cikin wannan yanayin ana nuna maganin tiyata ne kawai idan alamar asara ko canji a hangen nesa ya auku.

Lokacin da ɓoyayyen ɓoyayyen ɓoyayyen ya gaza 1 cm ko kuma ba tare da alamun ba, ana yin magani tare da sa ido na likita na yau da kullun da kuma hoton maganadisu don tantance ci gaban tumo a kan lokaci. idan ya cancanta, likita na iya ba da shawarar amfani da magani ko tiyata.

Bugu da ƙari, don adenomas na pituitary wanda hormone girma ko cortisol ya canza, ana iya nuna tiyata, da amfani da magunguna.

Magunguna

Magungunan da ake amfani dasu don magance adenoma sun bambanta da nau'in adenoma kuma sun hada da:

• Pegvisomanto, octreotide ko lanreotide: wanda aka nuna don adatoma somatotrophic;
• Ketoconazole ko mitotane: nuna don corticotrophic adenoma;
• Cabergoline ko bromocriptine: wanda aka nuna don adenoma na lactotrophic.

Bugu da ƙari, likita na iya bayar da shawarar maganin rediyo a lokutan somatotrophic ko corticotrophic adenoma.