Bronchiectasis

Wadatacce

• Menene bronchiectasis?
• Menene dalilai na cutar sankarau?
• Menene alamun cututtukan bronchiectasis?
• Yaya ake gano cututtukan bronchiectasis?
• Zaɓuɓɓukan magani don bronchiectasis
• Shin za a iya hana cututtukan bronchiectasis?

Menene bronchiectasis?

Bronchiectasis wani yanayi ne inda tubukan kumburin ku na huhu ya lalace har abada, faɗaɗa, da kuma yin kauri.

Waɗannan layukan iska da suka lalace sun ba da damar ƙwayoyin cuta da gamsai su taru a huhu. Wannan yana haifar da yawan cututtuka da toshewar hanyoyin iska.

Babu magani don cutar sankara, amma ana iya sarrafawa. Tare da magani, yawanci zaku iya rayuwa ta yau da kullun.

Koyaya, dole ne a kula da walƙiya cikin sauri don kiyaye magudanar iskar oxygen zuwa sauran jikinku kuma hana ƙarin lalacewar huhu.

Menene dalilai na cutar sankarau?

Duk wani rauni na huhu na iya haifar da cutar sankarau. Akwai manyan rukuni biyu na wannan yanayin.

Isaya yana da alaƙa da ciwon sikari (CF) kuma an san shi da CF bronchiectasis. CF yanayi ne na kwayar halitta wanda ke haifar da samarwar alƙarya mara kyau.

Sauran nau'ikan ba CF ba ne na bronchiectasis, wanda ba shi da alaƙa da CF. Mafi sanannun yanayin da zai haifar da rashin CF bronchiectasis sun haɗa da:

• tsarin garkuwar jiki mara kyau
• kumburi hanji cuta
• cututtuka na autoimmune
• cututtukan huhu na huɗawa (COPD)
• alpha 1-karancin antitrypsin (sanadin gado ne na COPD)
• HIV
• rashin lafiyan aspergillosis (rashin lafiyan huhu zuwa naman gwari)
• cututtukan huhu, irin su tari da tarin fuka

CF yana shafar huhu da sauran gabobi kamar pancreas da hanta. A cikin huhu, wannan yana haifar da cututtukan da aka maimaita. A wasu gabobin, yana haifar da mummunan aiki.

Menene alamun cututtukan bronchiectasis?

Kwayar cututtukan cututtukan zuciya na iya ɗaukar watanni ko ma shekaru don haɓaka. Wasu alamun bayyanar sun haɗa da:

• tari na kullum
• tari na jini
• sauti mara kyau ko numfashi a kirji tare da numfashi
• karancin numfashi
• ciwon kirji
• tari mai yawa na gamsai mai kauri kowace rana
• asarar nauyi
• gajiya
• canji a tsarin ƙusoshin hannu da ƙusoshin ƙafa, wanda aka sani da kwancen kafa
• m cututtuka na numfashi

Idan kana fuskantar kowane irin waɗannan alamun, ya kamata ka ga likitanka nan da nan don ganewar asali da magani.

Yaya ake gano cututtukan bronchiectasis?

Binciken kirjin kirjin da aka ƙididdige, ko hoton CT na kirji, shi ne gwajin da aka fi dacewa don bincikar ƙwayar cuta, tun da kirjin X-ray ba ya ba da cikakken bayani.

Wannan gwajin mara zafi yana haifar da hotunan hoton hanyoyin iska da sauran abubuwa a kirjin ku. A CT scan na kirji na iya nuna girman da wurin lalacewar huhu.

Bayan an tabbatar da cutar ta birki tare da hoton CT na kirji, likitanka zai yi kokarin tabbatar da dalilin cutar ta hanji bisa ga tarihin ka da kuma binciken ka na zahiri.

Yana da mahimmanci don gano ainihin dalilin don haka likitan likita zai iya magance rashin lafiyar da ke ciki don hana ƙwanƙwasawa ta zama mafi muni. Akwai dalilai da yawa waɗanda zasu iya haifar ko taimakawa ga bronchiectasis.

Kimantawa ga abin da ke haifar da mafi akasarin ya ƙunshi dakin gwaje-gwaje da gwajin microbiologic da gwajin aikin huhu.

Ationimar ku ta farko za ta haɗa da:

• cikakken jini tare da bambanci
• matakan immunoglobulin (IgG, IgM, da IgA)
• al'adar sputum don bincika ƙwayoyin cuta, mycobacteria, da fungi

Idan likitanka ya yi zargin CF, za su ba da umarnin gwajin chloride na gumi ko gwajin kwayar halitta.

Zaɓuɓɓukan magani don bronchiectasis

Takamaiman hanyoyin kwantar da hankali na iya rage ci gaban bronchiectasis mai alaƙa da yanayi masu zuwa:

• cututtukan mycobacterial
• wasu matakan kariya
• cystic fibrosis
• maimaita buri
• rashin lafiyan aspergillosis
• yiwu cututtukan autoimmune

Babu magani don bronchiectasis gaba ɗaya, amma magani yana da mahimmanci don taimaka maka gudanar da yanayin. Babban makasudin magani shine kiyaye cututtukan da ɓoyayyiyar maƙogwaron ƙwayar cuta.

Hakanan yana da mahimmanci don hana ci gaba da toshe hanyoyin iska da rage lalacewar huhu. Hanyoyi na yau da kullun don magance cututtukan ƙwayar cuta sun haɗa da:

• share hanyoyin iska tare da motsa jiki da kuma motsa jiki na kirji
• yin aikin huhu na huhu
• shan maganin rigakafi don hanawa da magance kamuwa da cuta (ana gudanar da karatu a kan sababbin hanyoyin maganin rigakafin shaƙa)
• shan masu shayarwa kamar albuterol (Proventil) da tiotropium (Spiriva) don bude hanyoyin iska
• shan magunguna zuwa bakin ciki
• ɗaukar masu tsammanin don taimakawa cikin tari
• shan maganin oxygen
• samun rigakafin rigakafin kamuwa da cututtukan numfashi

Kuna iya buƙatar taimakon kirjin ilimin lissafi. Formaya daga cikin nau'ikan shine babbar rigar akwatin kirji mai saurin-ƙarfi don taimakawa tsabtace huhunka daga lakar. Fitsar a hankali tana matsewa tana sakin kirji, tana haifar da sakamako iri daya kamar tari. Wannan yana cire ƙoshin ciki daga bangon bututun ƙarfe.

Idan akwai zubar jini a cikin huhu, ko kuma idan an samu matsalar birki a wani bangare na huhunka, kana iya bukatar tiyata don cire yankin da abin ya shafa.

Wani ɓangare na maganin yau da kullun ya haɗa da zubar da ɓoyayyun ɓoyayyun hanyoyin, taimakon nauyi. Mai ilimin kwantar da hankali na numfashi zai iya koya maka dabarun da zasu taimaka wajan tari da yawan zafin jiki.

Idan yanayi kamar cututtukan rigakafi ko COPD suna haifar da cututtukan ku na bronchiectasis, likitan ku kuma zai bi da waɗannan yanayin.

Shin za a iya hana cututtukan bronchiectasis?

Ba a san ainihin dalilin bronchiectasis ba game da shari'o'in wadanda ba CF ba.

Ga wasu, yana da alaƙa da rashin daidaiton ƙwayoyin cuta da sauran yanayin kiwon lafiyar da suka shafi huhu. Guje wa shan taba, gurbataccen iska, hayakin dafa abinci, da sinadarai na iya taimakawa kare huhunka da kiyaye lafiyar huhu.

Ku da yaranku ya kamata a yi muku rigakafi daga mura, tari, da kyanda, saboda an danganta waɗannan yanayin da yanayin lokacin balaga.

Amma galibi idan ba a san musabbabin abin ba, yin rigakafin yana da kalubale. Farkon fitowar birchiectasis yana da mahimmanci don ku sami magani kafin mummunan lalacewar huhu ya auku.