Menene cututtukan zuciya da kuma manyan nau'ikan

Wadatacce

• Babban iri
• 1. Cutar cututtukan zuciya na cyanotic
• 2. Ciwon mara na acyanotic
• Sigina da alamu
• Yadda ake yin maganin

Cutar cututtukan zuciya nakasa ce a cikin tsarin zuciya wanda har yanzu yake ci gaba a cikin cikin uwar, yana iya haifar da lalacewar aikin zuciya, kuma an riga an haife shi tare da jariri.

Akwai nau'ikan cututtukan zuciya daban-daban, wanda zai iya zama mai sauƙi kuma kawai za'a iya gano shi lokacin da ya balaga, har ma mafi munin, waɗanda sune cututtukan zuciya na cyanotic, waɗanda ke iya haifar da sauyawar gudan jini zuwa jiki. Zasu iya samun dalilan kwayar halitta, kamar a cikin ciwo na Down, ko kuma haifar da tsangwama a cikin ciki, kamar zagi da ƙwayoyi, giya, sinadarai ko cututtukan mace mai ciki.

Har yanzu ana iya gano cututtukan zuciya na ciki a cikin mahaifa ta hanyar duban dan tayi da echocardiogram. Ana iya warkar da wannan cutar saboda ana iya yin maganinta ta hanyar tiyata don gyara lahani, wanda zai dogara da nau'in cuta da cutar.

Babban iri

Za a iya rarraba cututtukan zuciya azaman:

1. Cutar cututtukan zuciya na cyanotic

Irin wannan cututtukan zuciya sun fi tsanani, saboda lahani a cikin zuciya na iya shafar tasirin jini da ƙarfin oxygenation na jini, kuma, gwargwadon tsananinsa, na iya haifar da alamomi kamar fenti, launin shuɗi na fata, rashin na iska, suma da ma girgizawa da mutuwa. Manyan sun hada da:

• Tetralogy na Fallot: yana hana gudan jini daga zuciya zuwa huhu, saboda haɗuwa da lahani 4, wanda ke tattare da taƙaitawa a cikin bawul din da ke ba da damar jini ya wuce zuwa huhun, sadarwa tsakanin ƙwayoyin zuciya na zuciya, canje-canje a cikin yanayin aorta da hauhawar jini na cikin ventricle dama;
• Halin Ebstein: yana hana gudanawar jini saboda rashin daidaituwa a cikin bawul din tricuspid, wanda ke sadarwa da ɗakunan zuciyar dama;
• Ciwon ciki na huhu: yana haifar da rashin sadarwa tsakanin zuciyar dama da huhu, yana hana jini yin isashshen oxygen.

Da kyau, ya kamata a gano cutar cututtukan zuciya na cikin-gida da wuri-wuri, ko dai a cikin mahaifar uwa ko kuma jim kaɗan bayan haihuwa, ta yin amfani da echocardiogram waɗanda ke gano waɗannan canje-canje na zuciya, don tsara tsoma baki, da guje wa yin jariri ga jaririn.

2. Ciwon mara na acyanotic

Wannan nau'in cututtukan zuciya yana haifar da canje-canje waɗanda ba koyaushe ke haifar da irin wannan mummunan tasirin kan aikin zuciya ba, kuma yawa da ƙarfi na alamomin ya dogara da tsananin lalacewar zuciya, tun daga rashin bayyanar cututtuka, alamomin ne kawai yayin yunƙuri, zuwa gazawar zuciya .

Dogaro da alamun cututtukan da aka haifar, ana iya gano waɗannan canje-canje jim kaɗan bayan haihuwa, ko kawai a cikin girma. Babban su ne:

• Sadarwar intanet (CIA): sadarwa mara kyau tana faruwa tsakanin atria ta zuciya, waɗanda sune manyan ɗakuna;
• Sadarwar tsakanin mutane (IVC): akwai lahani tsakanin bangon ventricles, yana haifar da rashin isasshen sadarwa na waɗannan ɗakunan da cakuda jinin da ke cikin oxygen da wanda ba oxygen ba;
• Ductus arteriosus (PDA): wannan hanyar tana wanzuwa a dabi'ance a cikin dan tayi domin hada bangaren dama na zuciya zuwa aorta, don haka jini ya tafi wurin mahaifa ya karbi oxygen, amma dole ne a rufe ba da daɗewa ba bayan haihuwa. Dagewarsa na iya haifar da matsaloli wajen shakar jinin sabon haihuwa;
• Defectunƙarar ƙirar atrioventricular (DSVA): yana haifar da rashin isasshen sadarwa tsakanin atrium da ventricle, yana sanya aikin zuciya wahala.

Ba tare da la'akari da nau'in cututtukan cututtukan zuciya ba, ko na cyanotic ko na acyanotic, ana iya cewa ya zama mai rikitarwa yayin da zuciya ke fama da haɗuwa da lahani da yawa waɗanda suka fi tasiri tasiri ga aikinta, kuma wanda ya fi wahalar magani, kamar yadda yawanci yakan faru a tetralogy na Fallot, misali.

Sigina da alamu

Alamomi da alamomin cututtukan zuciya na haihuwa sun dogara da nau'ikan da rikitarwa na lahani na zuciya. A cikin jarirai da jarirai, zasu iya zama:

• Cyanosis, wanda shine launi mai launi a kan yatsan hannu ko a lebe;
• Gumi mai yawa;
• Gajiya mai yawa yayin ciyarwa;
• Ra'ayoyi da rashin kulawa;
• Weightananan nauyi da ƙarancin abinci;
• Azumi da gajeren numfashi koda a huta ne;
• Bacin rai.

A cikin tsofaffin yara ko manya, alamun cututtuka na iya zama:

• Saurin zuciya da bakin launi bayan ƙoƙari;
• Yawan cututtukan numfashi;
• Saukaka gajiya dangane da sauran yara masu shekaru ɗaya;
• Ba ya ci gaba kuma ba ya da nauyi kullum.

Hakanan za'a iya lura da canje-canje a cikin girman zuciya, an tabbatar da su ta hanyar binciken x-ray da echocardiogram.

Yadda ake yin maganin

Za a iya yin maganin cututtukan zuciya na cikin jiki tare da amfani da magunguna don sarrafa alamun, kamar su diuretics, beta-blockers, don daidaita bugun zuciya, da inotropes, don ƙara ƙarfin bugawa. Koyaya, tabbataccen magani shine tiyata don gyara, wanda aka nuna kusan kusan kowane yanayi, yana iya warkar da cututtukan zuciya.

Yawancin lamura da yawa suna ɗaukar shekaru kafin a gano su kuma ana iya warware su ba tare da ɓata lokaci ba cikin haɓakar yaron, yana mai da rayuwarsa ta al'ada. Koyaya, lokuta mafi tsanani suna buƙatar tiyata a cikin shekarar farko ta rayuwa.

Bugu da kari, cututtukan kwayoyin halitta da yawa na iya samun nakasar zuciya, kuma wasu misalai sune cututtukan Down's, Alagille, DiGeorge, Holt-Oram, Leopard, Turner da Williams, alal misali, sabili da haka, ya kamata a tantance aikin zuciya idan yaron yana bincikar lafiya tare da waɗannan cututtuka.