Kwayoyin kara: menene su, nau'ikan me yasa ake adanawa

Wadatacce

• Ire-iren kwayoyin kara
• Ta yaya ake yin ƙwayar ƙwayar ƙwayar ƙwayar cuta
• Me yasa za'a kiyaye kwayar halitta?
• Fa'idodi na adana ƙwayoyin halitta

Kwayoyin kara sune kwayayen da basu sami bambance-bambancen kwayar halitta ba kuma suna da damar sabunta kansu kuma sun samo nau'ikan sel daban-daban, wanda ke haifar da kwayoyi na musamman wadanda ke da alhakin kirkirar sassan jikin mutum.

Saboda capacityarfinsu na sabunta-kai da keɓancewa, ana iya amfani da ƙwayoyin ƙwayoyin cuta don maganin cututtuka daban-daban, kamar myelofibrosis, thalassaemia da sikila anemia, misali.

Ire-iren kwayoyin kara

Za'a iya rarraba ƙwayoyin kara zuwa manyan nau'ikan biyu:

1. Kwayoyin embryonic: An ƙirƙira su a farkon haɓakar amfrayo kuma suna da babban ƙarfin bambance-bambance, suna iya haifar da kowane nau'in kwayar halitta, wanda ke haifar da samuwar ƙwayoyin halitta na musamman;
2. Wadanda ba embryonic ba ko manyan kwayoyin kara: Waɗannan su ne ƙwayoyin da ba a taɓa yin aikin rarrabewa ba kuma suna da alhakin sabunta dukkan kyallen takarda a jiki. Wannan nau'in kwayar halitta ana iya samun ta a ko ina a jiki, amma akasari a cikin cibiya da jijiya. Za a iya rarrabe ƙwayoyin tsohuwar mutum zuwa manyan ƙungiyoyi biyu: ƙwayoyin jini, waɗanda ke da alhakin haifar da ƙwayoyin jini, da ƙwayoyin mesenchymal, waɗanda ke haifar da guringuntsi, tsokoki da jijiyoyi, misali.

Baya ga ƙwayoyin embryonic da na manya, akwai kuma ƙwayoyin ƙwayoyin halitta da aka jawo, waɗanda sune waɗanda aka samar a cikin dakin gwaje-gwaje kuma suna da ikon bambancewa zuwa nau'ikan ƙwayoyin.

Ta yaya ake yin ƙwayar ƙwayar ƙwayar ƙwayar cuta

Kwayoyin kara suna da yanayi a jiki kuma sun zama dole don samar da sabbin kwayoyin halitta da sabunta halitta. Kari akan haka, ana iya amfani dasu don magance cututtuka daban-daban, manyan sune:

• Cutar Hodgkin, myelofibrosis ko wasu nau'ikan cutar sankarar bargo;
• Beta thalassaemia;
• Sickle cell anemia;
• Cutar Krabbe, cututtukan Günther ko cututtukan Gaucher, waɗanda cututtuka ne da suka danganci metabolism;
• Rigakafin Immunode kamar Ciwon Granulomatous na kullum;
• Rashin nakasu da ke da alaƙa da jijiyoyin jini kamar wasu nau'ikan cutar ƙarancin jini, rashin jini ko cutar Evans;
• Osteopetrosis.

Bugu da kari, wasu bincike sun nuna cewa kwayoyin kara suna da damar amfani da su wajen maganin cututtukan da har yanzu ba su da magani ko magunguna masu inganci, irin su Alzheimer, Parkinson's, Cerebral Palsy, AIDS, Rheumatoid Arthritis da kuma Ciwon Suga na 1. Ka fahimci yadda hakan yake ana yin kara cell treatment.

Me yasa za'a kiyaye kwayar halitta?

Saboda yiwuwar amfani da shi wajen maganin cututtuka daban-daban, ana iya tattara ƙwayoyin ƙwayoyin halitta a adana su da yanayin ƙanƙan da zafi sosai ta yadda jariri ko iyali za su iya amfani da su lokacin da ake buƙata.

Hanyar tattarawa da adana kwayar halitta ana kiranta cryopreservation kuma dole ne a sanar da sha'awar tarawa da adana waɗannan ƙwayoyin kafin bayarwa. Bayan haihuwa, ana iya samun kwayar halittar jaririn daga jini, cibiya ko jijiya. Bayan tarawa, ana adana ƙwayoyin sel a yanayin ƙarancin yanayin ƙarancin yanayi, yana basu damar kasancewa a kowane lokaci na kimanin shekaru 20 zuwa 25.

Galibi ana adana ƙwayoyin da aka adana a cikin dakunan gwaje-gwaje na ƙwarewa game da tarihi da haɓakawa, wanda yawanci ke samar da tsare-tsaren biyan kuɗi don adana ƙwayoyin na tsawon shekaru 25, ko kuma a cikin bankin jama'a ta hanyar BrasilCord Network program, wanda ake ba da ƙwayoyin a cikin al'umma, kuma yana iya zama amfani dashi don maganin cuta ko bincike.

Fa'idodi na adana ƙwayoyin halitta

Adana cibiyarsa ta jikin mahaifa zai iya zama da amfani don magance cututtukan da jaririn ko danginsa na kusa da shi. Sabili da haka, fa'idodi na haɓakar haɓakawa sun haɗa da:

1. Kare jariri da iyali: idan har ana buƙatar dashen waɗannan ƙwayoyin, kiyaye su yana rage damar kin amincewa da jariri, sannan kuma akwai yiwuwar za a yi amfani da su don kula da kowane dan uwa kai tsaye da zai buƙaci shi, kamar dan uwa ko kani, misali.
2. Yana ba da damar kasancewar kwayar halitta nan take don dasawa idan akwai bukatar;
3. Hanyar tarin sauki da rashin ciwo, ana yin shi kai tsaye bayan haihuwa kuma baya haifar da ciwo ga uwa ko jariri.

Ana iya samun kwayoyin guda iri ɗaya ta cikin ɓarke, amma damar gano mai ba da gudummawar da ta dace ba ta da yawa, ban da tsarin tattara ƙwayoyin, akwai haɗari, yana buƙatar tiyata.

Kirkirar kwayoyin halitta a yayin haihuwa aiki ne wanda zai iya samun tsada mai yawa kuma ya kamata a tattauna shawarar amfani da wannan sabis ɗin ko a'a tare da likitan, don haka iyayen kwanan nan za su iya yanke shawara mafi kyau ga jaririnsu. Bugu da ƙari, ƙwayoyin ƙwayoyin cuta ba kawai don magance cututtukan nan gaba waɗanda jariri zai iya samu ba, amma kuma suna iya aiki don magance cututtukan waɗanda ke cikin dangin kai tsaye, kamar ɗan'uwa, uba ko dan uwan.