Cholesterol

Wadatacce

• Takaitawa
• Menene cholesterol?
• Menene HDL, LDL, da VLDL?
• Me ke kawo yawan cholesterol?
• Menene zai iya haifar da haɗarin ƙwayar cholesterol mai yawa?
• Waɗanne matsalolin kiwon lafiya na iya haifar da ƙwayar cholesterol?
• Ta yaya ake bincikar ƙwayar cholesterol?
• Taya zan rage cholesterol?

Takaitawa

Menene cholesterol?

Cholesterol wani abu ne mai kamar kakin zuma, mai kama da kitse wanda ake samu a dukkan kwayoyin halittar jikinka. Jikinka yana buƙatar wasu ƙwayoyin cholesterol don yin hormones, bitamin D, da abubuwan da zasu taimaka maka narke abinci. Jikinka yana yin duk cholesterol da yake buƙata. Hakanan ana samun cholesterol a cikin abinci daga asalin dabbobi, kamar su gwaiduwa da kwai, nama, da cuku.

Idan yawan cholesterol ya yawaita a cikin jininka, zai iya hadewa da wasu abubuwa a cikin jini ya zama abun tarihi. Alamar manne a bangon jijiyoyin ku. Wannan ginin abin almara an san shi da atherosclerosis. Zai iya haifar da cututtukan jijiyoyin jini, inda jijiyoyin jijiyoyin jikinka suka zama kunkuntar ko ma suka toshe.

Menene HDL, LDL, da VLDL?

HDL, LDL, da VLDL sune lipoproteins. Suna haɗuwa da mai (lipid) da furotin. Abubuwan shafawa suna bukatar a haɗe su da sunadaran don su motsa ta cikin jini. Daban-daban na lipoproteins suna da dalilai daban-daban:

• HDL tana tsaye ne don lipoprotein mai ɗimbin yawa. Wani lokacin ana kiranta "mai kyau" cholesterol saboda yana ɗaukar cholesterol daga wasu sassan jikinka zuwa hanta. Hantar ku sai ta cire cholesterol daga jikin ku.
• LDL yana tsaye ne don ƙananan lipoprotein. Wani lokaci ana kiranta "mara kyau" cholesterol saboda babban matakin LDL yana haifar da haɓakar almara a cikin jijiyoyin ku.
• VLDL na wakiltar lipoprotein mai ƙarancin ƙarfi. Wasu mutane kuma suna kiran VLDL da "mummunan" cholesterol saboda shima yana taimakawa wajen gina almara a cikin jijiyoyin ku. Amma VLDL da LDL sun bambanta; VLDL galibi yana ɗauke da triglycerides kuma LDL galibi yana ɗauke da cholesterol.

Me ke kawo yawan cholesterol?

Mafi yawan abin da ya haifar da yawan cholesterol shine salon rashin lafiya. Wannan na iya hadawa

• Halayyar cin abinci mara kyau, kamar cin kitse mara kyau. Nau'i daya, mai cikakken kitse, ana samun shi a cikin wasu nama, kayayyakin kiwo, cakulan, kayan gasa, da kuma soyayyen abinci mai sarrafawa. Wani nau'in, mai ƙanshi, shine a cikin wasu soyayyen abinci da aka sarrafa. Cin waɗannan ƙwayoyin na iya ɗaga LDL (mara kyau) cholesterol.
• Rashin motsa jiki, tare da zama da yawa da kuma motsa jiki kaɗan. Wannan yana rage cholesterol naka (mai kyau).
• Shan taba, wanda ke rage cholesterol na HDL, musamman ga mata. Hakanan yana haɓaka ƙwayar LDL ɗinka.

Hakanan kwayar halitta na iya haifar da mutane da yawan cholesterol. Misali, familial hypercholesterolemia (FH) wani nau'in gado ne na gado mai yawa. Sauran yanayin kiwon lafiya da wasu magunguna na iya haifar da hauhawar cholesterol.

Menene zai iya haifar da haɗarin ƙwayar cholesterol mai yawa?

Abubuwa da yawa na iya haɓaka haɗarin ku don yawan cholesterol:

• Shekaru. Matakan cholesterol sun tashi yayin da kuka tsufa. Kodayake ba shi da yawa, samari, ciki har da yara da matasa, suna iya samun babban cholesterol.
• Gaderedn. Babban cholesterol na jini na iya gudana cikin dangi.
• Nauyi. Kasancewa da kiba ko yawan kiba yana daga matakin cholesterol.
• Tsere. Wasu jinsi na iya samun ƙarin haɗarin ƙwayar cholesterol. Misali, Ba'amurke Ba'amurke yawanci yana da matakan HDL da LDL cholesterol fiye da fari.

Waɗanne matsalolin kiwon lafiya na iya haifar da ƙwayar cholesterol?

Idan kana da adadi mai yawa na almara a cikin jijiyoyin ka, yankin abin almara zai iya fashewa (ballewa). Wannan na iya haifar da daskarewar jini a saman farjin. Idan gudan jini ya zama ya isa, zai iya zama mafi yawa ko kuma ya toshe magudanar jini a jijiyoyin jijiyoyin jiki.

Idan kwararar wadataccen jini mai dauke da iskar oxygen zuwa ga tsokar zuciyarka ta ragu ko toshewa, zai iya haifar da angina (ciwon kirji) ko bugun zuciya.

Har ila yau, plaque na iya ginawa a cikin sauran jijiyoyin jikinka, gami da jijiyoyin da ke kawo wadataccen jini mai kwakwalwa zuwa kwakwalwarka da gabobin jikinka. Wannan na iya haifar da matsaloli kamar cututtukan jijiyoyin zuciya, bugun jini, da cututtukan jijiyoyin jiki.

Ta yaya ake bincikar ƙwayar cholesterol?

Yawancin lokaci babu alamun ko alamun da ke nuna cewa kuna da babban ƙwayar cholesterol. Akwai gwajin jini don auna matakin cholesterol. Yaushe kuma yaya yakamata ku sami wannan gwajin ya dogara da shekarunku, abubuwan haɗarin, da tarihin iyali. Babban shawarwarin sune:

Ga mutanen da ke da shekaru 19 ko ƙarami:

• Jarabawar farko ta kasance tsakanin shekaru 9 zuwa 11
• Yara su sake yin gwajin kowace shekara 5
• Wasu yara na iya samun wannan gwajin farawa daga shekaru 2 idan akwai tarihin iyali na cholesterol mai yawan jini, ciwon zuciya, ko bugun jini

Ga mutanen da ke da shekaru 20 ko sama da haka:

• Ya kamata yara manya suyi gwajin kowace shekara 5
• Maza masu shekaru daga 45 zuwa 65 kuma mata masu shekaru 55 zuwa 65 ya kamata su samu kowace shekara 1 zuwa 2

Taya zan rage cholesterol?

Zaka iya rage cholesterol ɗinka ta hanyar sauye-sauyen rayuwar rayuwa. Sun haɗa da tsarin cin abinci mai ƙoshin lafiya, sarrafa nauyi, da motsa jiki na yau da kullun.

Idan salon rayuwa ya canza shi kadai baya rage yawan cholesterol din ku, kuna iya shan magunguna. Akwai nau'ikan magungunan rage yawan cholesterol da yawa, ciki har da statins. Idan kun sha magunguna don rage cholesterol, har yanzu yakamata ku ci gaba da canjin salon.

Wasu mutanen da ke da cutar hypercholesterolemia ta iyali (FH) na iya karɓar magani da ake kira lipoprotein apheresis. Wannan maganin yana amfani da injin tacewa don cire LDL cholesterol daga jini. Sannan inji zai mayar da sauran jinin ga mutum.

NIH: Zuciyar Kasa, Huhu, da Cibiyar Jini

• Yanayin Halitta Yana Koyar da Matasa Muhimmancin Lafiyar Zuciya
• Abinda Kuke Yi Yanzu Zai Iya Hana Ciwon Zuciya Daga baya