6 Cutar Thyroid na yau da kullun da Matsaloli

Wadatacce

• Ciwon hawan jini
• Ciwon cututtukan Hyperthyroidism da magani
• Hypothyroidism
• Ciwon cututtuka na Hypothyroidism da magani
• Hashimoto ta thyroiditis
• Binciken Hashimoto da magani
• Cutar kaburbura
• Gano cututtukan kaburbura da magani
• Goiter
• Gwanin cutar da magani
• Magungunan thyroid
• Ciwon nodules na maganin thyroid
• Yanayin thyroid na yau da kullun a cikin yara
• Hypothyroidism
• Ciwon hawan jini
• Magungunan thyroid
• Ciwon daji na thyroid
• Tsayar da cutar ta thyroid

Bayani

Thyroid shine karamin, gland mai launin malam buɗe ido wanda yake a ƙasan wuyanka ƙasa da apple ɗin Adam. Yana daga cikin hadaddun hanyoyin sadarwar gland da ake kira endocrine system. Tsarin endocrine yana da alhakin daidaita yawancin ayyukan jikin ku. Glandar thyroid tana ƙera homonomi waɗanda ke daidaita tasirin jikin ku.

Yawancin rikice-rikice daban-daban na iya tashi yayin da thyroid ɗinku ke samar da hormone mai yawa (hyperthyroidism) ko bai isa ba (hypothyroidism).

Abubuwa guda huɗu da ke faruwa a cikin hanji sune cututtukan thyroid na Hashimoto, cututtukan Graves, goiter, da nodules.

Ciwon hawan jini

A cikin hyperthyroidism, glandar thyroid tana aiki. Yana samar da yawancin hormone. Hyperthyroidism yana shafar kusan kashi 1 na mata. Bai cika zama ruwan dare a cikin maza ba.

Cutar kaburbura ita ce mafi yawan dalilin hyperthyroidism, wanda ke shafar kusan kashi 70 na mutanen da ke fama da cutar thyroid. Nodules a kan thyroid-yanayin da ake kira mai guba nodular goiter ko multinodular goiter - kuma na iya haifar da gland din ya yawaitar kwayoyin halittar sa.

Yawan samar da hormone na thyroid yana haifar da bayyanar cututtuka kamar:

• rashin natsuwa
• juyayi
• tseren zuciya
• bacin rai
• ƙara zufa
• girgiza
• damuwa
• matsalar bacci
• siraran fata
• gashi mai laushi da kusoshi
• rauni na tsoka
• asarar nauyi
• kumbura idanu (a cikin cutar kabari)

Ciwon cututtukan Hyperthyroidism da magani

Gwajin gwajin jini yana auna matakan hormone na thyroid (thyroxine, ko T4) da kuma hormone mai motsa ka (TSH) a cikin jininka. Glandon na pituitary yana fitar da TSH don kara kuzari don samar da homonon. Babban thyroxine da ƙananan matakan TSH suna nuna cewa glandar ku ta wuce gona da iri.

Hakanan likitanku zai iya ba ku iodine na rediyo ta bakin ko a matsayin allura, sannan ya auna nawa glandar glandar ta ke daukewa. Gwanin ka na shan iodine don samar da homonon. Shan iodine mai yawa na radiyo alama ce ta thyroid da ke aiki. Levelananan matakin aikin rediyo yana warwarewa da sauri kuma baya da haɗari ga yawancin mutane.

Magunguna don hyperthyroidism suna lalata glandar thyroid ko toshe shi daga samar da hormones.

• Magungunan antithyroid kamar methimazole (Tapazole) suna hana tayroid samar da hormones.
• Babban adadin iodine na rediyo na lalata glandar thyroid. Kuna ɗauka a matsayin kwaya ta baki. Yayinda glandar ka ta dauke da iodine, shima yana cire iodine mai radiyo, wanda yake lalata gland din.
• Za a iya yin aikin tiyata don cire glandar ka.

Idan kana da maganin iodine na rediyo ko tiyata wanda ke lalata glandar ka, zaka sami hypothyroidism kuma kana buƙatar shan maganin ka na yau da kullun.

Hypothyroidism

Hypothyroidism shine akasin hyperthyroidism. Glandar thyroid ba ta iya aiki ba, kuma ba zai iya samar da isasshen ƙwayoyinta ba.

Hypothyroidism yawanci yakan haifar da thyroiditis na Hashimoto, tiyata don cire glandar thyroid, ko lalacewa daga maganin radiation. A Amurka, yana shafar kusan kashi 4.6 na mutane masu shekaru 12 zuwa sama. Yawancin lokuta na hypothyroidism ba su da kyau.

Littlearancin samar da hormone na thyroid yana haifar da bayyanar cututtuka kamar:

• gajiya
• bushe fata
• ƙara ƙwarewa ga sanyi
• matsalolin ƙwaƙwalwa
• maƙarƙashiya
• damuwa
• riba mai nauyi
• rauni
• jinkirin bugun zuciya
• coma

Ciwon cututtuka na Hypothyroidism da magani

Kwararka zai yi gwajin jini don auna TSH da matakan hormone na thyroid. Babban matakin TSH da ƙananan matakan thyroxine na iya nufin cewa maganin ka ba aiki. Wadannan matakan zasu iya nuna cewa gland din ku na sake sakin TSH don kokarin motsa glandar thyroid don yin hormone.

Babban magani don hypothyroidism shine shan ƙwayoyin maganin thyroid. Yana da mahimmanci don samun madaidaicin daidai, saboda yawan shan maganin ka na iya haifar da alamun cutar hyperthyroidism.

Hashimoto ta thyroiditis

Hashimoto ta thyroiditis kuma ana kiranta azaman thyroid lymphocytic thyroiditis. Yana da mafi yawan sanadin hypothyroidism a Amurka, wanda ke shafar kusan Amurkawa miliyan 14. Zai iya faruwa a kowane zamani, amma ya fi yawa a cikin mata masu matsakaitan shekaru. Cutar na faruwa ne lokacin da garkuwar jiki ta kai hari cikin kuskure kuma ta lalata glandar thyroid da kuma ikon ta na samar da hormones.

Wasu mutanen da ke fama da larurar cutar ta thyroid na Hashimoto na iya zama ba su da alamun bayyanar. Cutar na iya wanzuwa har tsawon shekaru, kuma alamomin na da sauƙin kai. Su ma ba takamaiman ba ne, wanda ke nufin suna kwaikwayon alamun alamun wasu yanayi da yawa. Kwayar cutar sun hada da:

• gajiya
• damuwa
• maƙarƙashiya
• m nauyi riba
• bushe fata
• bushe, siririn gashi
• kodadde, mai kumbura fuska
• haila mai nauyi da mara tsari
• rashin haƙuri ga sanyi
• kara girman thyroid, ko goiter

Binciken Hashimoto da magani

Gwajin matakin TSH sau da yawa shine mataki na farko yayin tantancewa don kowane nau'in cutar thyroid. Kwararka na iya yin odar gwajin jini don bincika ƙarin matakan TSH da ƙananan matakan maganin karoid (T3 ko T4) idan kana fuskantar wasu alamun da ke sama. Hashimoto ta thyroiditis cuta ne na rashin lafiyar jiki, don haka gwajin jini zai kuma nuna ƙwayoyin cuta marasa kyau waɗanda za su iya kai wa thyroid hari.

Babu sanannen magani na thyroiditis na Hashimoto. Ana amfani da magani mai maye gurbin Hormone don ɗaga matakan hormone na thyroid ko ƙananan matakan TSH. Hakanan zai iya taimakawa saukaka alamun cutar. Yin aikin tiyata na iya zama dole don cire wani ɓangare ko duka glandon thyroid a cikin ƙananan al'amuran Hashimoto's. Yawancin lokaci ana gano cutar ne a matakin farko kuma tana da karko na tsawon shekaru saboda yana ci gaba a hankali.

Cutar kaburbura

An lakafta cutar cutar kabari ga likitan wanda ya fara bayyana ta fiye da shekaru 150 da suka gabata. Yana da mafi yawan dalilin hyperthyroidism a Amurka, yana shafi kusan 1 a cikin 200 mutane.

Graves ’cuta ce ta kwayar cuta da ke faruwa a lokacin da garkuwar jiki ta kuskure kai hari glandar thyroid. Wannan na iya haifar da gland shine zai haifar da sinadarin hormone wanda ke da alhakin sarrafa metabolism.

Cutar na gado ne kuma yana iya bunkasa a kowane zamani a cikin maza ko mata, amma ya fi yawa a cikin mata masu shekaru 20 zuwa 30, a cewar. Sauran abubuwan haɗarin sun haɗa da damuwa, ciki, da shan sigari.

Lokacin da akwai babban matakin hormone na thyroid a cikin jini, tsarin jikinku yana hanzari kuma yana haifar da alamun bayyanar cututtukan da suka saba da hyperthyroidism. Wadannan sun hada da:

• damuwa
• bacin rai
• gajiya
• girgizar hannu
• bugun zuciya ko rashin tsari
• yawan zufa
• wahalar bacci
• gudawa ko yawan hanji
• canza yanayin al'ada
• goiter
• kumbura idanu da matsalolin gani

Gano cututtukan kaburbura da magani

Gwajin jiki mai sauki na iya bayyana kara girman kumburin jiki, kara idanuwa masu kumburi, da kuma alamun karuwar metabolism, gami da bugun jini da sauri da hawan jini. Hakanan likitanku zai ba da umarnin gwajin jini don bincika manyan matakan T4 da ƙananan matakan TSH, duka waɗannan alamu ne na cutar kabari. Hakanan za'a iya yin gwajin gwajin iodine na rediyo don auna yadda saurin maganin ka na iodine. Highaukar iodine daidai yake da cutar Graves.

Babu magani don dakatar da tsarin rigakafi daga afkawa cikin glandar thyroid da haifar da haifar da yawan hormones. Koyaya, ana iya sarrafa alamun cututtukan Graves ta hanyoyi da yawa, galibi tare da haɗin jiyya:

• beta-blockers don sarrafa saurin bugun zuciya, damuwa, da zufa
• magungunan antithyroid don hana maganin ka daga samar da yawan hormone mai yawa
• radioiod iodine don lalata duka ko wani ɓangare na maganin ka
• tiyata don cire glandar thyroid, zaɓi na dindindin idan ba za ku iya jure magungunan antithyroid ko iodine na rediyoaktif ba

Nasarar maganin hyperthyroidism yawanci yakan haifar da hypothyroidism. Dole ne ku ɗauki magungunan maye gurbin hormone daga wannan gaba zuwa gaba. Cututtukan kaburbura na iya haifar da matsalolin zuciya da kasusuwa idan ba a kula da su ba.

Goiter

Goiter rashin girma ne mara girman glandon. Babban sanadin goiter a duniya shine rashin iodine a cikin abinci. Masu bincike sun kiyasta cewa goiter ya shafi miliyan 200 daga mutane miliyan 800 da ke fama da karancin iodine a duniya.

Akasin haka, yawancin lokuta ana haifar da goiter ta hanyar - da kuma alamar - hyperthyroidism a cikin Amurka, inda gishirin iodized yana ba da iodine mai yawa.

Goiter na iya shafar kowa a kowane zamani, musamman a yankunan duniya inda abinci ke da wadataccen iodine. Koyaya, goiters sunfi kowa bayan shekaru 40 kuma ga mata, waɗanda zasu iya kamuwa da cututtukan thyroid. Sauran abubuwan haɗarin sun haɗa da tarihin lafiyar iyali, wasu amfani da magunguna, juna biyu, da kuma fallasa radiation.

Zai yuwu babu alamun bayyanar idan goiter ba mai tsanani bane. Goiter na iya haifar da ɗaya ko fiye daga cikin waɗannan alamun idan ya girma girma, ya danganta da girman:

• kumburi ko matsewa a cikin wuyan ku
• matsalolin numfashi ko haɗiyewa
• tari ko shakar iska
• bushewar murya

Gwanin cutar da magani

Likitanku zai ji wuyan wuyanku kuma zai haɗiye yayin gwajin jiki na yau da kullun. Gwajin jini zai bayyana matakan hormone thyroid, TSH, da antibodies a cikin jini. Wannan zai binciko cututtukan thyroid wanda yawanci shine dalilin goiter. Wani duban dan tayi na maganin thyroid zai iya duba kumburi ko nodules.

Goiter yawanci ana magance shi kawai lokacin da ya zama mai tsanani don haifar da bayyanar cututtuka. Zaka iya shan doanancin iodine idan goiter sakamakon karancin iodine ne. Iodine mai radiyo zata iya rage glandar thyroid. Yin aikin tiyata zai cire duka ko ɓangaren gland ɗin. Magunguna yawanci suna ruɓewa saboda yawancin lokaci shine alamar hyperthyroidism.

Goiters galibi suna haɗuwa da cututtukan thyroid masu saurin magani, kamar cutar Graves. Kodayake goiters galibi ba abin damuwa ba ne, amma suna iya haifar da rikitarwa mai tsanani idan ba a kula da su ba. Wadannan rikitarwa na iya hadawa da wahalar numfashi da hadiya.

Magungunan thyroid

Nodules na thyroid shine ci gaban da ke samarwa akan ko a cikin glandar thyroid. Kimanin kashi 1 na maza da kashi 5 na matan da ke zaune a ƙasashe masu iodine masu wadata suna da nodules na thyroid waɗanda suke da girma da isa ji. Kimanin kashi 50 cikin ɗari na mutane za su sami nodules waɗanda ba su da ƙanƙan ji.

Abubuwan da ke haifar da su ba koyaushe aka sani ba amma suna iya haɗawa da iodine da kuma thyroiditis na Hashimoto. Nodules na iya zama cikakke ko cike da ruwa.

Mafi yawansu ba su da kyau, amma kuma suna iya zama masu cutar kansa a cikin ƙananan ƙananan halaye. Kamar sauran matsaloli masu alaƙa da thyroid, nodules sun fi yawa ga mata fiye da maza, kuma haɗarin da ke tattare da jinsi biyu yana ƙaruwa ne da shekaru.

Yawancin nodules na thyroid ba sa haifar da wata alama. Koyaya, idan sun girma girma, zasu iya haifar da kumburi a cikin wuyan ku kuma haifar da numfashi da matsalolin haɗiye, zafi, da goiter.

Wasu nodules suna samar da hormone na thyroid, suna haifar da matakan rashin daidaituwa a cikin jini. Lokacin da wannan ya faru, bayyanar cututtuka suna kama da na hyperthyroidism kuma suna iya haɗawa da:

• babban bugun jini
• juyayi
• ƙara yawan ci
• rawar jiki
• asarar nauyi
• farar fata

A gefe guda, alamun cututtuka za su kasance kamar hypothyroidism idan nodules suna hade da cutar Hashimoto. Wannan ya hada da:

• gajiya
• riba mai nauyi
• asarar gashi
• bushe fata
• rashin haƙuri sanyi

Ciwon nodules na maganin thyroid

Ana gano yawancin nodules yayin gwajin jiki na yau da kullun. Hakanan za'a iya gano su yayin duban dan tayi, CT scan, ko MRI. Da zarar an gano nodule, sauran hanyoyin - gwajin TSH da maganin ka na ƙwanƙwasa - na iya bincika hyperthyroidism ko hypothyroidism. Ana amfani da kwayar halittar fata mai kyau don ɗaukar samfurin ƙwayoyin daga nodule kuma a tantance ko nodule na da cutar kansa.

Bende thyroid nodules ba mai barazanar rai bane kuma yawanci basa buƙatar magani. Yawanci, ba abin da ake yi don cire nodule idan bai canza ba cikin lokaci. Likitan ku na iya yin wani biopsy kuma ya ba da shawarar iodine na rediyo don rage nodules idan ya girma.

Oduananan nodules ba su da yawa - a cewar Cibiyar Cancer ta Nationalasa, cutar sankarar thyroid ta shafi ƙasa da kashi 4 cikin ɗari na yawan jama'ar. Maganin da likitanka ya ba da shawarar zai bambanta dangane da nau'in ƙari. Cire thyroid ta hanyar tiyata yawanci shine maganin zabi. Radiation far wani lokaci ana amfani dashi tare ko ba tare da tiyata ba. Ana buƙatar magani na Chemotherapy idan ciwon daji ya bazu zuwa wasu sassan jiki.

Yanayin thyroid na yau da kullun a cikin yara

Hakanan yara zasu iya samun yanayin thyroid, gami da:

• hypothyroidism
• hyperthyroidism
• nodules na thyroid
• ciwon daji na thyroid

Wani lokaci ana haifar yara tare da matsalar maganin karoid. A wasu lokuta, tiyata, cuta, ko magani don wani yanayin na haifar da shi.

Hypothyroidism

Yara na iya samun nau'ikan hypothyroidism:

• Haihuwa hypothyroidism yana faruwa yayin glandar thyroid ba ta yi’t bunkasa sosai yayin haihuwa. Yana shafar kusan 1 cikin kowane jarirai 2,500 zuwa 3,000 da aka haifa a Amurka.
• Autimmune hypothyroidism yana haifar da wata cuta ta autoimmune wanda tsarin rigakafi ke kaiwa glandar thyroid. Wannan nau'in yakan haifar da cututtukan thyroid na yau da kullun. Autimmune hypothyroidism yakan bayyana a lokacin samartaka, kuma shi’s sunfi yawa a cikin yan mata fiye da samari.
• Iatrogenic hypothyroidism yana faruwa a cikin yara waɗanda aka cire ko aka lalata glandar su - ta hanyar tiyata, misali.

Kwayar cututtukan hypothyroidism a cikin yara sun hada da:

• gajiya
• riba mai nauyi
• maƙarƙashiya
• rashin haƙuri ga sanyi
• bushe, siriri gashi
• bushe fata
• jinkirin bugun zuciya
• murya mai zafi
• fuska mai kumbura
• ƙara yawan jinin haila ga youngan mata

Ciwon hawan jini

Akwai dalilai da yawa na hyperthyroidism a cikin yara:

• Cutar kaburbura bai fi na yara yawa ba kamar na manya. Cututtukan kaburbura sukan bayyana a lokacin samartaka, kuma ya fi shafar yara mata fiye da yara maza.
• Rashin aikin nodules na thyroid sune ci gaba akan ƙwayar glandon yaro wanda ke haifar da hormone mai yawan gaske.
• Ciwan thyroid yana faruwa ne ta hanyar kumburi a cikin glandar thyroid wanda ke haifar da homonin thyroid ya kwarara zuwa cikin jini.

Kwayar cututtukan hyperthyroidism a cikin yara sun hada da:

• saurin bugun zuciya
• girgiza
• kumbura idanu (a cikin yara masu cutar kabari)
• rashin natsuwa da harzuka
• rashin barci
• ƙara yawan ci
• asarar nauyi
• kara hanjin ciki
• rashin haƙuri ga zafi
• goiter

Magungunan thyroid

Nodules na thyroid ba su da yawa a cikin yara, amma idan suka faru, suna iya zama masu cutar kansa. Babban alama ta thyroid nodule a cikin yaro shine dunƙule a cikin wuyansa.

Ciwon daji na thyroid

Ciwon kanjamau shine mafi yawan cututtukan endocrine na yara, amma har yanzu yana da matukar wuya. An gano shi a cikin ƙasa da 1 daga kowane yara miliyan 1 da ke ƙasa da shekaru 10 a kowace shekara. Abinda ya faru ya ɗan fi girma a cikin matasa, tare da kimanin kimanin sharuɗɗa 15 a kowace miliyan a cikin yara 'yan shekaru 15 zuwa 19.

Kwayar cututtukan cututtukan thyroid na yara sun hada da:

• dunkule a wuya
• kumburin gland
• matse jin a wuya
• matsalar numfashi ko haɗiyewa
• murya mai zafi

Tsayar da cutar ta thyroid

A mafi yawan lokuta, ba za ku iya hana hypothyroidism ko hyperthyroidism ba. A cikin kasashe masu tasowa, hypothyroidism galibi ana haifar da rashi ne na iodine. Koyaya, godiya ga ƙarin iodine akan gishirin tebur, wannan ƙarancin yana da wuya a Amurka.

Hyperthyroidism sau da yawa ana haifar da cutar Graves, cutar rashin lafiyar jiki wanda ba a hana shi. Zaku iya dakatar da maganin ƙwayar cuta ta hanyar yawan amfani da hormone na thyroid. Idan an ba ku umarnin maganin hormone, tabbatar da shan madaidaicin kashi. A lokuta da yawa, thyroid zai iya zama mai yawan aiki idan ka ci abinci da yawa waɗanda ke ɗauke da iodine, kamar gishirin tebur, kifi, da tsiren ruwan teku.

Kodayake baza ku iya hana rigakafin cututtukan thyroid ba, zaku iya hana rikice-rikicen sa ta hanyar bincikar ku kai tsaye da kuma bin maganin da likitanku yayi muku.