Abin da za a Sani Game da Binciken COVID-19

Wadatacce

• Lokacin da za a yi la'akari da yin gwaji don ganewar COVID-19
• Kwayar cututtuka don kulawa
• Waɗanne matakai ya kamata ku ɗauka idan kuna son yin gwaji?
• Menene gwajin ya ƙunsa?
• Shin akwai wasu nau'ikan gwaje-gwajen da za'a samu?
• Yaya tsawon lokacin da ake ɗauka don samun sakamakon gwaji?
• Shin gwajin yayi daidai?
• Yaushe kulawar likita ke da mahimmanci?
• Layin kasa

An sabunta wannan labarin a ranar 27 ga Afrilu, 2020 don haɗawa da bayanai kan kayan gwajin gida kuma a ranar 29 ga Afrilu, 2020 don haɗa ƙarin alamun alamun coronavirus na 2019.

Barkewar sabuwar cutar coronavirus, wacce aka fara ganowa a kasar Sin a watan Disambar 2019, na ci gaba da shafar mutane a duk duniya.

Cikakke kuma ingantaccen ganewar asali na COVID-19 - cutar da kamuwa da cuta ta haifar da sabon kwayar cuta - yana da mahimmanci don magance yaɗuwarsa da inganta sakamakon kiwon lafiya.

Ci gaba da karatu don gano abin da za ku yi idan kuna tunanin kuna da alamun COVID-19, kuma waɗanne gwaje-gwaje ne ake amfani da su yanzu don gano wannan cutar a Amurka.

Lokacin da za a yi la'akari da yin gwaji don ganewar COVID-19

Idan kun kamu da kwayar cutar ko nuna alamun rashin lafiya na COVID-19, kira likitan ku don shawara game da yadda da lokacin da za a gwada ku. Kada ka je ofishin likitanka da kanka, saboda kana iya yaɗuwa.

Hakanan zaka iya samun damar Cibiyoyin Kula da Cututtuka da Cututtuka na (CDC) don taimaka maka yanke shawara lokacin da za a gwada ko neman likita.

Kwayar cututtuka don kulawa

Mafi yawan alamun cututtukan da aka ruwaito ta hanyar mutane tare da COVID-19 sun haɗa da:

• zazzaɓi
• tari
• gajiya
• karancin numfashi

Wasu mutane na iya samun wasu alamun, ma, kamar:

• ciwon makogwaro
• ciwon kai
• hanci ko hanci
• gudawa
• tsoka da ciwo
• jin sanyi
• maimaita girgizawa da sanyi
• rashin wari ko dandano

Kwayar cututtukan COVID-19 yawanci suna bayyana ne bayan kamuwa da cutar da farko.

Wasu mutane ba su nuna alamun rashin lafiya ba a lokacin farkon kamuwa da cutar amma har yanzu suna iya watsa kwayar cutar ga wasu.

A cikin yanayi mai sauƙi, kulawar gida da matakan keɓe kai na iya zama duk abin da ake buƙata don murmurewa gaba ɗaya da kiyaye cutar daga yaɗuwa zuwa wasu. Amma wasu lokuta suna kira don ƙarin rikitarwa na likita.

Waɗanne matakai ya kamata ku ɗauka idan kuna son yin gwaji?

Gwaji don COVID-19 a halin yanzu an iyakance shi ga mutanen da suka kamu da cutar ta SARS-CoV-2, sunan hukuma na littafin coronavirus, ko waɗanda ke da wasu alamun alamun, kamar waɗanda aka zayyana a sama.

Kira ofishin likitanku idan kuna tsammanin kun kamu da SARS-CoV-2. Likitanka ko nas zasu iya tantance yanayin lafiyar ka da haɗarin ka ta wayar tarho. Hakanan zasu iya jagorantar ku game da yadda da kuma inda za ku je gwaji, kuma zasu iya jagorantarku zuwa nau'in kulawa mai dacewa.

A ranar 21 ga Afrilu, aka yarda da amfani da kayan gwajin gida na farko COVID-19. Ta yin amfani da auduga da aka bayar, mutane za su iya tattara samfurin hanci su aika shi zuwa dakin binciken da aka kebe don gwaji.

Izinin yin amfani da gaggawa ya ƙayyade cewa kayan aikin gwajin an ba da izini don amfani da su ga waɗanda ƙwararrun likitocin kiwon lafiya suka gano cewa suna zargin COVID-19.

Menene gwajin ya ƙunsa?

ya kasance babban hanyar gwajin gwaji ta COVID-19 a cikin Amurka. Wannan nau'ikan gwajin ne wanda aka yi amfani dashi don gano mummunan cututtukan numfashi (SARS) lokacin da ya fara bayyana a 2002.

Don tattara samfurin don wannan gwajin, mai ba da sabis na kiwon lafiya zai yi ɗayan ɗayan masu zuwa:

• shafa hancinka ko bayan makogwaronka
• ruwa mai tsada daga sashin kasan numfashi
• sampleauki samfurin yau

Daga nan sai masu bincike suka fitar da sinadarin nucleic acid daga samfurin kwayar kuma suka fadada sassan kwayoyin halittar ta hanyar dabarar da aka samu ta PCR (RT-PCR). Wannan yana ba su babban samfurin don kwatancen hoto. Ana iya samun kwayoyin guda biyu a cikin tsarin kwayar halitta ta SARS-CoV-2.

Sakamakon gwaji sune:

• tabbatacce idan an sami kwayoyin duka
• ba zai yiwu ba idan jinsi daya ne aka samu
• mara kyau idan ba kwayar halittar da aka samo

Hakanan likitanka zai iya yin odar CT na kirji don taimakawa wajen tantance COVID-19 ko samun ƙarin haske game da yadda da kuma inda kwayar cutar ta bazu.

Shin akwai wasu nau'ikan gwaje-gwajen da za'a samu?

Kwanan nan FDA ta ba da izinin yin amfani da wani ɓangare na ƙoƙarinta don faɗaɗa ƙarfin nunawa.

FDA ta amince da na'urorin gwajin kulawa (POC) da kamfanin Cepheid mai binciken kwayar halitta ta California ya tsara don saitunan kulawa da haƙuri da yawa. Da farko gwajin zai fara aiki a cikin manyan saiti kamar sassan gaggawa da sauran sassan asibiti.

A halin yanzu an tanadar da gwajin ne domin share ma'aikatan kiwon lafiya don komawa bakin aiki sakamakon kamuwa da cutar ta SARS-CoV-2 da kuma wadanda ke da COVID-19.

Yaya tsawon lokacin da ake ɗauka don samun sakamakon gwaji?

Ana gwada samfuran RT-PCR a cikin rukuni a shafuka daga inda aka tattara su. Wannan yana nufin zai iya ɗaukar kwana ɗaya ko fiye don samun sakamakon gwaji.

Sabon gwajin POC da aka amince dashi yana ba da damar tattara samfura da gwaji a wuri ɗaya, wanda ke haifar da saurin juyawa da sauri.

Na'urorin Cepheid POC suna samar da sakamakon gwaji tsakanin minti 45.

Shin gwajin yayi daidai?

A mafi yawan lokuta, sakamakon gwajin RT-PCR daidai yake. Sakamakon bazai haifar da kamuwa da cuta ba idan ana gudanar da gwaje-gwaje da wuri cikin hanyar cutar. Loadwayar ƙwayar ƙwayar cuta na iya zama ƙasa kaɗan don gano kamuwa da cuta a wannan lokacin.

Wani binciken COVID-19 da aka yi kwanan nan ya gano cewa daidaito ya bambanta, ya danganta da lokacin da yadda aka tattara samfuran.

Hakanan binciken ya gano cewa kirjin CT yana gano ainihin kamuwa da cuta a cikin kashi 98 cikin ɗari na shari'ar yayin da gwajin RT-PCR suka gano shi daidai kashi 71 na lokaci.

RT-PCR na iya kasancewa mafi kyawun gwaji, don haka yi magana da mai ba da lafiyar ku game da zaɓin ku idan kuna da damuwa game da gwaji.

Yaushe kulawar likita ke da mahimmanci?

Wasu mutanen da ke da COVID-19 suna jin ƙarancin numfashi yayin da wasu ke numfashi a bayyane amma suna da karancin karatun oxygen - yanayin da ake kira hypoxia mara sauti. Duk waɗannan yanayi guda biyu na iya haɓaka da sauri zuwa ciwo mai ciwo na numfashi (ARDS), wanda shine gaggawa na gaggawa.

Tare da saurin numfashi mai tsanani, mutanen da ke tare da ARDS na iya zama farkon farawar jiri, saurin bugun zuciya, da yawan zufa.

Da ke ƙasa akwai wasu, amma ba duka ba, na alamun gargaɗin gaggawa na COVID-19 - wasu daga cikinsu suna nuna ci gaba zuwa ARDS:

• rashin numfashi ko matsalar numfashi
• ci gaba da jin zafi, matsewa, matsewa ko rashin jin daɗi a kirjinku ko cikin ciki na sama
• rikicewar rikicewa ko matsaloli tunani sarai
• mai ɗanɗano mai ɗanɗano ga fata, musamman a kan leɓɓe, gadon ƙusa, gumis, ko kewaye idanu
• zazzabi mai zafi wanda baya amsawa ga matakan sanyaya na al'ada
• hannayen sanyi ko ƙafa
• bugun jini mai rauni

Samun kulawa da gaggawa idan kana da waɗannan ko wasu alamun rashin lafiya. Kira likitanku ko asibiti na gida a gaba, idan za ku iya, don haka za su iya ba ku umarni kan abin da za ku yi.

Samun kulawa da gaggawa na gaggawa yana da mahimmanci ga duk wanda ke cikin haɗari mafi girma ga rikitarwa na COVID-19.

Manya tsofaffi suna cikin haɗarin rashin lafiya mai tsanani, kamar yadda mutanen da ke da yanayin rashin lafiya mai zuwa:

• yanayi mai tsanani na zuciya, kamar ciwon zuciya, cututtukan jijiyoyin zuciya, ko jijiyoyin jiki
• cutar koda
• cututtukan huhu na huɗawa (COPD)
• kiba, wanda ke faruwa a cikin mutane masu nauyin jikin mutum (BMI) na 30 ko mafi girma
• cutar sikila
• tsarin garkuwar jiki ya raunana daga dasa kayan aiki mai karfi
• rubuta ciwon sukari na 2

Layin kasa

Gwajin RT-PCR ya kasance hanya ta farko don bincika COVID-19 a cikin Amurka. Koyaya, wasu likitocin na iya amfani da sikanin CT a matsayin hanya mafi sauƙi, sauri, kuma mafi inganci don tantancewa da gano cutar.

Idan kana da raunin bayyanar cututtuka ko kamuwa da cuta, kira likita. Zasu tantance hadarinku, suyi muku tsari na kariya da kulawa, kuma zasu baku umarni kan yadda da inda za'a gwada ku.