COVID-19 vs. SARS: Yaya Suke Bambanta?

Wadatacce

• Menene coronavirus?
• Menene SARS?
• Ta yaya COVID-19 ya bambanta da SARS?
• Kwayar cututtuka
• Tsanani
• Watsawa
• Dabarun kwayoyin
• Receptor dauri
• Shin COVID-19 zai fi SARS tsawo?
• Layin kasa

An sabunta wannan labarin a ranar 29 ga Afrilu, 2020 don haɗa ƙarin alamun alamun coronavirus na 2019.

COVID-19, wanda sabon coronavirus ya haifar, ya mamaye labaran kwanan nan. Koyaya, watakila da farko kun saba da kalmar coronavirus a yayin ɓarkewar mummunan cututtukan numfashi (SARS) a cikin 2003.

Dukkanin COVID-19 da SARS ana samun su ne ta hanyar kwastomomi. Kwayar cutar da ke haifar da SARS an san ta da SARS-CoV, yayin da kwayar da ke haifar da COVID-19 an san ta da SARS-CoV-2. Hakanan akwai wasu nau'ikan halittar mutane.

Duk da suna iri daya, akwai bambance-bambance da yawa tsakanin kwarkwata masu kawo COVID-19 da SARS. Ci gaba da karatu yayin da muke binciken kwazo da yadda suke kwatanta junan su.

Menene coronavirus?

Coronaviruses dangi ne mai yawan ƙwayoyin cuta. Suna da babban kewayon rundunar, wanda ya hada da mutane. Koyaya, mafi yawan adadin coronavirus ana ganin su.

Coronaviruses suna da tsinkayen tsinkaye a saman su wanda yayi kama da kambi. Corona yana nufin "kambi" a Latin - kuma wannan shine yadda wannan dangin ƙwayoyin cuta suka sami suna.

Mafi yawan lokuta, kwayar halittar mutane suna haifar da cututtukan numfashi mai sauƙi kamar sanyi na yau da kullun. A zahiri, nau'ikan cuta huɗu na ɗan adam ke haifar da cututtukan fili na sama a cikin manya.

Wani sabon nau'in kwayar cutar kwayar cuta zai iya fitowa yayin da kwayar cutar kwayar ke samar da damar yada cuta ga dan adam. Lokacin da ake daukar kwayar cuta daga dabba zuwa mutum, ana kiranta yaduwar zoonotic.

Coronaviruses waɗanda ke yin tsalle zuwa mahaɗan ɗan adam na iya haifar da rashin lafiya mai tsanani. Wannan na iya faruwa ne saboda dalilai daban-daban, musamman rashin kariya daga mutane ga sabuwar kwayar. Ga wasu misalai na irin waɗannan matan:

• SARS-CoV, kwayar cutar da ta haifar da SARS, wacce aka fara ganowa a shekarar 2003
• MERS-CoV, kwayar cutar da ta haifar da cututtukan numfashi na Gabas ta Tsakiya (MERS), wanda aka fara ganowa a cikin 2012
• SARS-CoV-2, kwayar cutar da ke haifar da COVID-19, wacce aka fara ganowa a cikin 2019

Menene SARS?

SARS shine sunan cututtukan numfashi wanda SARS-CoV ke haifarwa. A acronym SARS yana nufin mummunan ciwo na numfashi.

Barkewar cutar ta SARS a duniya ya fara ne daga karshen shekarar 2002 zuwa tsakiyar 2003. A wannan lokacin, sun yi rashin lafiya kuma mutane 774 sun mutu.

Asalin SARS-CoV ana zaton jemage ne. An yi amannar cewa kwayar cutar ta wuce ne daga jemage zuwa matsakaiciyar dabba mai masaukin baki, kifin civet, kafin ya yi tsalle zuwa ga mutane.

Zazzabi na daga cikin alamun farko na cutar ta SARS. Wannan na iya kasancewa tare da wasu alamun alamun, kamar:

• tari
• rashin lafiya ko gajiya
• ciwon jiki da ciwo

Alamomin numfashi na iya tsananta, wanda ke haifar da karancin numfashi. Batutuwa masu tsanani suna ci gaba cikin sauri, suna haifar da ciwon huhu ko wahalar numfashi.

Ta yaya COVID-19 ya bambanta da SARS?

COVID-19 da SARS sun yi kama da juna ta hanyoyi da yawa. Misali, duka:

• cututtuka ne na numfashi da ƙananan ƙwayoyin cuta ke haifarwa
• sun samo asali ne daga jemage, suna tsalle zuwa ga mutane ta hanyar mai masaukin dabbobi
• ana yaduwa ta ɗigon ruwa na numfashi da aka samar yayin da mutum mai cutar ya yi tari ko atishawa, ko kuma ta hanyar haɗuwa da abubuwa masu gurɓata ko saman
• suna da kwanciyar hankali irin wannan a cikin iska da kuma saman wurare daban-daban
• na iya haifar da mummunar cuta, wani lokacin na buƙatar iskar oxygen ko kuma iska ta iska
• na iya samun alamun bayyanar daga baya cikin rashin lafiya
• suna da ƙungiyoyi masu haɗari irin wannan, kamar tsofaffi da waɗanda ke cikin yanayin lafiya
• basu da takamaiman magani ko allurai

Koyaya, cututtukan biyu da ƙwayoyin cuta da ke haifar da su suma sun bambanta ta hanyoyi masu mahimmanci da yawa. Bari mu duba sosai.

Kwayar cututtuka

Gabaɗaya, alamun cututtukan COVID-19 da SARS suna kama. Amma akwai wasu bambancin da dabara.

Tsanani

An kiyasta cewa mutanen da ke da COVID-19 za su buƙaci a kai su asibiti don kulawa. Percentagearamin kashi na wannan rukunin zai buƙaci samun iska ta inji.

Shari'ar SARS ta fi tsanani, gaba ɗaya. An kiyasta cewa mutanen da ke da SARS suna buƙatar samun iska ta inji.

Kimanin adadin yawan mace-mace na COVID-19 ya bambanta ƙwarai dangane da dalilai kamar wuri da halaye na yawan jama'a. Gabaɗaya magana, ƙimar mace-mace na COVID-19 an kiyasta tsakanin Range 0.25 da 3.

SARS ta fi COVID-19 rauni sosai. An kiyasta yawan mace-macen.

Watsawa

COVID-19 ya bayyana don watsawa fiye da SARS. Explanationaya daga cikin bayani mai yuwuwa shine cewa yawan ƙwayoyin cuta, ko ƙwayoyin cuta, ya bayyana ya zama mafi girma a hanci da maƙogwaron mutanen da ke da COVID-19 jim kaɗan bayan bayyanar cututtuka ta ɓullo.

Wannan ya bambanta da na SARS, wanda ɗumbin kwayar cutar ta kankama sosai daga baya cikin rashin lafiya. Wannan yana nuna cewa mutanen da ke dauke da COVID-19 na iya yada kwayar cutar a baya yayin kamuwa da cutar, kamar dai yadda alamun su ke bunkasa, amma kafin su fara munana.

A cewar, wasu bincike sun nuna cewa COVID-19 na iya yada ta mutanen da ba sa nuna alamun.

Wani bambanci tsakanin cututtukan biyu shine gaskiyar cewa akwai wasu rahotanni da suka shafi yaduwar SARS kafin ci gaban bayyanar cututtuka.

Dabarun kwayoyin

Wani cikakken bayanin kwayoyin halitta (kwayoyin halittu) na samfuran SARS-CoV-2 sun gano cewa kwayar cutar tana da kusancin kusanci da kwayoyin coronaviruses fiye da kwayar SARS. Sabon coronavirus yana da kamanceceniya da kashi 79 na kwayar cutar ta SARS.

Hakanan an kwatanta rukunin gidan karɓar mai karɓa na SARS-CoV-2 da sauran coronaviruses. Ka tuna cewa don shiga cikin kwayar, kwayar cuta na buƙatar yin hulɗa tare da sunadarai a saman tantanin halitta (masu karɓa). Kwayar cutar tana yin hakan ne ta hanyar sunadarai a farfajiyarta.

Lokacin da aka binciko jerin sunadaran SARS-CoV-2 mai ɗauke da gidan karɓar mai karɓar, an sami sakamako mai ban sha'awa. Yayinda SARS-CoV-2 ya fi kama da bat coronaviruses, rukunin gidan karɓar mai karɓar mai kama da SARS-CoV.

Receptor dauri

Ana ci gaba da karatu don ganin yadda sabon coronavirus ke ɗaure da shiga ƙwayoyin halitta kwatankwacin cutar ta SARS. Sakamakon ya zuwa yanzu ya bambanta. Yana da mahimmanci a lura cewa binciken da ke ƙasa an yi shi ne kawai tare da sunadarai kuma ba a cikin mahallin ƙwayoyin cuta duka ba.

Wani binciken da aka yi kwanan nan ya tabbatar da cewa duka SARS-CoV-2 da SARS-CoV suna amfani da mai karɓar ƙwayar salula ɗaya. Hakanan ya gano cewa, ga duka ƙwayoyin cuta, sunadarai masu ƙwayoyin cuta waɗanda ake amfani dasu don shigar da kwayar mai karɓar mahallin suna ɗaure ga mai karɓar mai ɗaurewa ɗaya (dangantaka).

Wani kuma ya kwatanta takamaiman yanki na furotin mai ƙwayoyin cuta wanda ke da alhakin ɗaure ga mai karɓar tantanin halitta. Ya lura cewa shafin mai ɗauka na SARS-CoV-2 yana ɗaure ga mai karɓar sel mai masaukin baki tare da mafi girma dangantaka fiye da ta SARS-CoV.

Idan sabon coronavirus lallai yana da dangantaka mafi girma ga mai karɓar sel mai karɓar bakuncinsa, wannan ma zai iya bayyana dalilin da yasa yake bayyana don yaɗu cikin sauƙi fiye da kwayar SARS.

Shin COVID-19 zai fi SARS tsawo?

Babu wata annobar cutar SARS a duniya. Bayanan da aka ruwaito na ƙarshe sun kasance kuma an samo su a cikin dakin gwaje-gwaje. Babu wani karin rahoton da aka bayar tun lokacin.

SARS an sami nasarar ƙunshe ta amfani da matakan kiwon lafiyar jama'a, kamar:

• gano yanayin farko da kadaici
• lamba bincikowa da keɓewa
• nisantar jama'a

Shin aiwatar da matakan guda ɗaya zai taimaka wa COVID-19? A wannan yanayin, yana iya zama da wahala.

Wasu abubuwan da zasu iya taimakawa ga COVID-19 kasancewar tsawon lokaci sun haɗa da masu zuwa:

• na mutanen da ke da COVID-19 suna da ƙaramin rashin lafiya. Wasu ma ba su san cewa ba su da lafiya ba. Wannan ya sa ya zama da wuya a tantance wanda ya kamu da cutar da kuma wanda ba shi ba.
• Mutanen da ke da cutar COVID-19 sun bayyana sun zubar da kwayar cutar a farkon lokacin kamuwarsu fiye da mutanen da ke da SARS. Wannan ya sa ya zama da wuya a gano ko wanene ke dauke da kwayar kuma a kebe su kafin su yada shi ga wasu.
• COVID-19 yanzu yana yaduwa cikin sauƙi tsakanin al'ummomi. Wannan ba batun SARS ba ne, wanda aka fi yaduwa cikin tsarin kiwon lafiya.
• Har ma muna da haɗin duniya fiye da yadda muke a 2003, yana mai sauƙaƙa ga COVID-19 don yaɗa tsakanin yankuna da ƙasashe.

Wasu ƙwayoyin cuta, irin su mura da mura, suna bin tsarin yanayi. Saboda wannan, akwai tambaya game da ko COVID-19 zai tafi yayin da yanayin ke yin dumi. Yana da idan wannan zai faru.

Layin kasa

COVID-19 da SARS duka cututtukan coronaviruses ne ke haifar da su. Thewayoyin ƙwayoyin cututtukan da ke haifar da waɗannan cututtukan suna iya samo asali ne daga dabbobi kafin mai watsa shiri ya yada su ga mutane.

Akwai kamanceceniya da yawa tsakanin COVID-19 da SARS. Koyaya, akwai mahimman bambance-bambance. Shari'ar COVID-19 na iya zama daga mai sauƙi zuwa mai tsanani, yayin da shari'ar SARS, gaba ɗaya, ta fi tsanani. Amma COVID-19 yana yaduwa cikin sauƙi. Hakanan akwai wasu bambance-bambance a cikin alamun cutar tsakanin cututtukan biyu.

Ba a sami wata rubutacciyar harka ta SARS ba tun 2004, kamar yadda aka aiwatar da tsauraran matakan kiwon lafiyar jama'a don hana yaduwar sa. COVID-19 na iya zama mafi ƙalubale don ƙunsa saboda kwayar cutar da ke haifar da wannan cuta ta bazu cikin sauƙi kuma sau da yawa yakan haifar da alamun rashin lafiya.