Sabbin Zaɓuɓɓukan Jiyya na Ciwon Suga

Wadatacce

• Sabbin magunguna don ciwon suga
• Sabbin magungunan baka
• Xigduo XR
• Synjardy
• Glyxambi
• Steglujan
• Segluromet
• Steglatro
• Sabbin allurai
• Tresiba
• Basaglar da Toujeo
• Xultophy
• Soliqua
• Ozempic
• Adlyxin
• Ryzodeg
• Magungunan ciwon suga a ci gaba
• Magunguna masu amfani da ciwon sikari
• Magungunan baka
• Biguanides kamar metformin
• Masu hana Alpha-glucosidase
• Magungunan dipeptidyl peptidase-4 (masu hana DPP-IV)
• Meglitinides
• Magunguna masu ɗaukar sodium-glucose masu ɗaukar kaya 2 (SGLT2)
• Sulfonylureas
• Thiazolidinediones
• Magungunan haɗuwa
• Magungunan allura
• Insulin
• Amylin analog
• Glucagon-kamar peptide-1 masu karɓar agonists (GLP-1 agonists)
• Abubuwan da za'ayi la'akari dasu yayin zaɓar magani

A watan Mayu na 2020, an ba da shawarar cewa wasu masu ƙera metformin da aka ba da izinin cire wasu allunan daga kasuwar Amurka. Wannan saboda an sami matakin da ba za a yarda da shi ba na kwayar cutar sankara (wakili mai haddasa cutar kansa) a cikin wasu karafunan maganin metformin. Idan a halin yanzu kun sha wannan magani, kira likitan ku. Za su ba da shawara ko ya kamata ku ci gaba da shan magungunanku ko kuma idan kuna buƙatar sabon takardar sayan magani.

Lokacin da kake da ciwon sukari, jikinka yana da matsala wajen sarrafa insulin. Sinadarin 'insulin' wani sinadari ne wanda kodan dan adam ke samarwa wanda yake taimakawa jikin ka wajen amfani da gulukos (sukari) daga abincin da zaka ci. Insulin yana motsa gulukos daga cikin jini zuwa cikin sel, wanda ke amfani dashi don kuzari. Amma idan jikinka baya yin isasshen insulin ko kuma baya amfani dashi yadda yakamata, glucose yana zama a cikin jininka. Samun matakan glucose na jini na tsawon lokaci na iya lalata sassan jikinka.

Akwai ciwon sukari iri biyu: iri na 1 da na biyu 2. Mutanen da ke da ciwon sukari na 1 ba sa iya yin insulin na kansu. Mutanen da ke da ciwon sukari na 2 na iya yin insulin, amma jikinsu ba zai iya yin amfani da shi da kyau ba.

Duk da cewa magani guda daya da ake amfani da shi wajen kula da masu dauke da ciwon sukari na 1 shi ne insulin, ya zo ne a nau'ikan daban-daban. Mutanen da ke da ciwon sukari na 2, a gefe guda, suna da zaɓuka masu yawa na magunguna. A zahiri, suna iya buƙatar ɗaukar nau'in magani fiye da ɗaya don magance yanayin su.

Karanta don koyo game da sababbin zaɓuɓɓukan maganin ciwon sukari da kwayoyi waɗanda ake haɓakawa a halin yanzu, da magungunan da ake amfani da su duka iri biyu na ciwon sukari.

Sabbin magunguna don ciwon suga

A cikin 'yan shekarun nan, an kirkiro sabbin magungunan ciwon suga da yawa. Wadannan sun hada da magungunan baka da kuma allura.

Sabbin magungunan baka

Ban da Steglatro, wanda ya ƙunshi ƙwaya ɗaya kawai, sababbin magungunan baka da aka yi amfani da su don magance ciwon sukari na 2 duk magunguna ne masu haɗuwa. Kowannensu ya hada magunguna biyu da aka yi amfani da su don magance ciwon sukari na biyu.

Wadannan magunguna duk sunaye ne masu dauke da suna wadanda basu da siffofin halitta.

Xigduo XR

Xigduo XR, wanda ya zo a matsayin 24-hour kara-saki kwamfutar hannu na baka, an yarda don amfani a cikin 2014. Xigduo XR ya haɗu da metformin tare da dapagliflozin. Metformin yana taimakawa sa kayan kyallen jiki su zama masu saurin insulin. Dapagliflozin yana toshe wasu gulukos din a cikin tsarinka daga sake shigar da jininka ta cikin koda. Hakanan yana sa jikinka ya cire ƙarin glucose ta fitsarinka.

Synjardy

Synjardy, wanda yazo azaman kwamfutar hannu ta baka, an amince dashi ayi amfani dashi a shekara ta 2015. Yana haɗa magungunan metformin da empagliflozin. Empagliflozin yana aiki iri ɗaya zuwa dapagliflozin.

Glyxambi

Glyxambi, wanda shima ya zo a matsayin kwamfutar hannu ta baka, an amince da amfani da shi a shekarar 2015. Yana hada magungunan linagliptin da empagliflozin. Linagliptin yana toshe lalacewar wasu kwayoyin halittar a jikinka wanda yake gayawa mahangar jikinka cewa suyi sannan su fitar da insulin. Hakanan yana rage saurin narkewar abinci, wanda yake jinkirta sakin glucose cikin jininka.

Steglujan

Steglujan, wanda ya zo a matsayin kwamfutar hannu ta baka, an amince da shi a ƙarshen 2017. Yana haɗa ertugliflozin da sitagliptin.

Ertugliflozin yana aiki ta hanyar inji iri ɗaya kamar empagliflozin. Sitagliptin yana toshe lalacewar wasu kwayoyin halittar jiki a jikinka wanda yake gayawa dandazon ka cewa ya yi insulin. Hakanan yana rage narkewar narkewarka, wanda yake rage saurin shan glucose cikin jinin ka.

Segluromet

Segluromet, wanda ya zo a matsayin kwamfutar hannu ta baka, an amince da shi a ƙarshen 2017. Yana haɗa ertugliflozin da metformin.

Steglatro

Steglatro, wanda ya zo a matsayin kwamfutar hannu ta baka, an amince da shi a ƙarshen 2017. Yana da nau'ikan nau'ikan nau'in magani ne na ertugliflozin. Yana aiki ta hanyar inji iri ɗaya kamar empagliflozin. Kamar magungunan haɗin gwiwa a cikin wannan jeri, ana amfani da Steglatro don magance ciwon sukari na nau'in 2.

Sabbin allurai

Waɗannan sababbin allunan-masu allurar allurar babu su azaman magunguna na gama gari. An yi amfani da su don magance ko dai su kamu da ciwon sukari na 2, ko kuma duka nau'ikan na 1 da na biyu masu ciwon sukari.

Wadannan kwayoyi suna dauke da nau'in insulin, GLP-1 agonist, ko duka biyun. Nau'ikan insulin da aka yi allura suna aiki azaman maye gurbin insulin da jikinku baya yin ko kuma ba zai iya amfani da shi da kyau ba. Glucagon-like peptide-1 (GLP-1) agonists masu taimakawa agronists na taimakawa mahaifa ta saki ƙarin insulin lokacin da matakin glucose yayi sama. Hakanan suna rage saurin shan glucose yayin narkewar abinci.

Tresiba

Tresiba, wacce aka amince da ita a shekara ta 2015, sigar iri ce ta maganin insulin degludec. An yi amfani dashi don magance duka nau'in 1 da kuma rubuta ciwon sukari na 2.

Tresiba tana aiki ne na insulin na tsawon lokaci har zuwa awa 42. Wannan ya fi insulin da aka saba amfani da shi tsawo. Ana yin allurar sau ɗaya a rana.

Basaglar da Toujeo

Basaglar da Toujeo sune sabbin nau'ikan insulin glargine. An yi amfani dasu don magance nau'in 1 da ciwon sukari na 2, kuma ana yin allurar sau ɗaya kowace rana.

Basaglar magani ne na insulin wanda ya dade yana aiki wanda aka amince dashi a shekara ta 2015. Yayi kama da wani magani na insulin glargine mai suna Lantus. Toujeo shine mafi girman nau'in insulin glargine. An amince da amfani da shi a cikin 2015.

Xultophy

An yarda da Xultophy a shekara ta 2016. Ana amfani da shi ne kawai don magance irin ciwon sukari na 2. Ana yin allurar Xultophy sau ɗaya a rana.

Xultophy ya haɗu da insulin degludec, insulin mai aiki tsawon lokaci, da liraglutide, mai cutar GLP-1.

Soliqua

An amince da Soliqua a shekara ta 2016. Ana amfani da shi ne kawai don magance ciwon sukari irin na 2. Ana yin allurar sau ɗaya a rana.

Soliqua ta haɗu da maganin insulin glargine tare da lixisenatide, mai maganin GLP-1 agonist.

Ozempic

An yarda da Ozempic a ƙarshen 2017. Ana amfani da shi ne kawai don magance ciwon sukari na nau'in 2. Ozempic shine nau'in suna na GLP-1 agonist da ake kira semaglutide. Ana yin allurar sau ɗaya a mako.

Adlyxin

An amince da Adlyxin a shekara ta 2016. Ana amfani da shi ne kawai don magance ciwon sukari irin na 2. Adlyxin shine nau'in suna na GLP-1 agonist wanda ake kira lixisenatide. Ana yin allurar sau ɗaya a rana.

Ryzodeg

An amince da Ryzodeg a cikin 2016 amma har yanzu ba'a samu ba. An tsara shi don amfani dashi don magance duka nau'in 1 da ciwon sukari na 2. Ryzodeg ya haɗu da insulin degludec tare da insulin aspart. Ana nufin allurar sau ɗaya ko sau biyu a kowace rana.

Magungunan ciwon suga a ci gaba

Baya ga waɗannan sabbin magungunan, a halin yanzu ana ci gaba da ƙwayoyi masu yawa na ciwon sikari. Wadannan kwayoyi sun hada da:

• Oral-Lyn. Wannan magani mai suna yana zuwa azaman feshin maganin insulin mai saurin aiki. An tsara shi don magance duka nau'in 1 da kuma buga ciwon sukari na 2.
• Rawa 501. Wannan na’urar aerosol na dauke da sinadarin insulin na ruwa wanda ake son shaka a lokacin cin abinci. An tsara shi don magance duka nau'in 1 da kuma buga ciwon sukari na 2.

Magunguna masu amfani da ciwon sikari

Yanzu da kun sani game da sababbi da magungunan da ke zuwa na ciwon suga, ga jerin wasu magungunan sikari waɗanda ake amfani da su a halin yanzu galibi. Wasu daga cikin waɗannan magungunan ƙwayoyi ne na sababbin magungunan haɗin da aka lissafa a sama, da kuma tsofaffin magungunan haɗin haɗin da aka jera a ƙasa.

Magungunan baka

Groupsungiyoyin magunguna masu zuwa ana amfani dasu don magance ciwon sukari na 2. Duk suna zuwa kamar allunan baka. Metformin shima yana zuwa azaman maganin baka.

Biguanides kamar metformin

Metformin galibi shine magani na farko da ake amfani dashi don magance ciwon sukari na 2. Yana aiki ta rage jinkirin samar da glucose a cikin hanta. Hakanan yana sanya kyallen jikinka ya zama mai saurin kulawa da insulin. Wannan yana taimaka wa kyallen takarda su sha glucose.

Hakanan ana haɗa Metformin tare da sauran magungunan baka don rage adadin allunan da kuke buƙatar ɗauka.

Masu hana Alpha-glucosidase

Wadannan kwayoyi suna jinkiri ko toshe lalacewar carbohydrates a jikinka. Carbohydrates suna cikin sitaci ko abinci mai zaki. Wannan aikin yana jinkirta shayar da glucose cikin jini. Misalan waɗannan kwayoyi sun haɗa da:

• acarbose
• ƙaura

Magungunan dipeptidyl peptidase-4 (masu hana DPP-IV)

Wadannan kwayoyi suna toshe lalacewar wasu kwayoyin halittar da ke jikinka wanda yake gaya wa dandawan ku cewa su yi kuma su fitar da insulin. Wadannan kwayoyi kuma suna jinkirta narkewar abinci, wanda ke jinkirta sakin glucose cikin jininka. Misalan waɗannan kwayoyi sun haɗa da:

• alogliptin
• linagliptin
• saxagliptin
• sitagliptin

Meglitinides

Wadannan kwayoyi suna gaya wa mahangar ka don sakin insulin. Misalan waɗannan kwayoyi sun haɗa da:

• nateglinide
• sakewa

Magunguna masu ɗaukar sodium-glucose masu ɗaukar kaya 2 (SGLT2)

Wadannan kwayoyi suna toshe wasu sinadarin glucose a cikin tsarinka daga sake shigar da jininka ta cikin koda. Hakanan suna sa jikinka ya cire ƙarin glucose ta fitsarinka. Misalan waɗannan kwayoyi sun haɗa da:

• kanagliflozin
• dapagliflozin
• karwan_barzan
• ertugliflozin

Sulfonylureas

Wadannan kwayoyi suna haifar da pankreas don sakin karin insulin. Misalan waɗannan kwayoyi sun haɗa da:

• gishirin gishiri
• nishadi
• glyburide

Thiazolidinediones

Wadannan kwayoyi suna sanya kyallen takarda a jikin ku ya zama mai saurin kulawa da insulin. Wannan yana taimaka wa jikinka yin amfani da glucose mai yawa a cikin jininka. Misalan waɗannan kwayoyi sun haɗa da:

• sarkarini
• rosiglitazone

Magungunan haɗuwa

Baya ga sababbi da aka lissafa a sama, an sami magunguna masu haɗuwa da yawa na ɗan lokaci. Tsoffin magungunan haɗin gwiwa sun haɗa da masu zuwa:

• Duetact shine kwamfutar hannu wanda ya haɗu pioglitazone tare da glimepiride.
• Janumet shine kwamfutar hannu wanda ya hada sitagliptin da metformin.
• Magungunan ƙwayoyi waɗanda suka zo azaman kwamfutar hannu suna haɗuwa metformin tare da nishadi.
• Magungunan sarkarini kuma rosiglitazone kowannensu yana cikin sifar kwamfutar hannu a hade tare metformin.

Magungunan allura

Wadannan nau'ikan magungunan kwayoyi suna zuwa cikin sifofin allura.

Insulin

Inulin da aka yi wa allura yana aiki azaman maye gurbin insulin da jikinku baya yin ko kuma ba zai iya amfani da shi yadda ya kamata ba. Ana iya amfani dashi don magance nau'in 1 ko rubuta ciwon sukari na 2.

Akwai nau'ikan insulin iri-iri. Wasu nau'ikan suna aiki da sauri. Waɗannan nau'ikan suna taimakawa wajen sarrafa matakin glucose na jininka a lokacin cin abinci. Wasu nau'ikan suna aiki fiye da lokaci mai tsawo. Wadannan nau'ikan suna kula da matakin glucose na jininka a cikin dare da rana.

Wasu nau'ikan insulin sun hada da:

• insulin aspart
• insulin degludec
• insulin glargine

Amylin analog

Ana ɗaukar analog ɗin amylin wanda ake kira pramlintide kafin cin abinci. Yana taimakawa rage yawan insulin da kuke buƙata. Ana amfani dashi don magance duka nau'ikan 2 da kuma ciwon sukari na 2.

Glucagon-kamar peptide-1 masu karɓar agonists (GLP-1 agonists)

Waɗannan ƙwayoyi suna taimaka wa mahaifa ta saki ƙarin insulin lokacin da matakin glucose ya yi girma. Hakanan suna rage saurin shan glucose yayin narkewar abinci. Ana amfani da waɗannan magungunan don magance ciwon sukari na 2 kawai.

Misalan waɗannan kwayoyi sun haɗa da:

• albiglutide
• dulaglutide
• karin kayan abinci
• liraglutide
• maido

Abubuwan da za'ayi la'akari dasu yayin zaɓar magani

Yayinda yawancin kwayoyi masu ciwon sikila masu inganci suka kasance a kasuwa tsawon shekaru, sababbin magunguna na iya ba da fa’idojin da ba a samun su da magungunan da aka fi amfani da su.

Ka tuna, ƙila ba mu san duk illolin da tasirin hulɗar sababbin magunguna ba. Hakanan, sababbin magunguna na iya tsada fiye da tsofaffin magunguna, ko kuma yawancin shirin inshora bazai rufe su ba tukuna. Kari akan haka, shirin inshorar ka na iya fifita wasu magunguna kan wasu, ko kuma suna iya bukatar ka yi gwaji na tsofaffi, magunguna marasa tsada kafin su rufe sabobin magunguna masu tsada.

Yana da mahimmanci a yi magana da likitanka idan kuna la'akari da sababbin zaɓuɓɓukan maganin ciwon sukari. Tattauna cikakken tarihin lafiyar ku tare da likitan ku, da duk magunguna da abubuwan kari da kuke sha. Tare, ku da likitan ku na iya yanke shawarar waɗanne sababbin kwayoyi, idan akwai, na iya zama daidai a gare ku.