Chagas cuta: bayyanar cututtuka, sake zagayowar, watsawa da magani

Wadatacce

• Babban bayyanar cututtuka
• Watsa cutar Chagas
• Tsarin rayuwa
• Yadda ake yin maganin
• Ci gaban bincike

Cutar Chagas, wanda aka fi sani da trypanosomiasis na Amurka, cuta ce mai saurin yaduwa ta hanyar parasite Trypanosoma cruzi (T. cruzi). Wannan kwayar cutar ta kasance a matsayinta na mai daukar bakuncin wani kwaro wanda aka fi sani da aski kuma a yayin cizon mutum, yana yin fitsari ko fitsari, yana sakin kwayar. Bayan cizon, halin mutum na al'ada shine ya tabo tabo, amma wannan yana ba da damar T. cruzi a cikin jiki da ci gaban cutar.

Kamuwa da cuta tare da Trypanosoma cruzi yana iya kawo matsaloli daban-daban ga lafiyar mutum, kamar cututtukan zuciya da rikicewar tsarin narkewar abinci, alal misali, saboda tsananin cutar.

Wanzami yana da al'adar dare kuma yana cin abinci ne kawai akan jinin dabbobi masu ƙyalli. Wannan kwarin yawanci ana samun sa ne a cikin sassan gidajen katako, gadaje, katifa, adibas, tsuntsayen tsuntsaye, bishiyoyin bishiyoyi, da sauran wurare, kuma tana da fifiko ga wuraren da ke kusa da inda abincin yake.

Babban bayyanar cututtuka

Ana iya rarraba cututtukan Chagas zuwa manyan matakai biyu, mai saurin gaske da na zamani. A cikin lokaci mai saurin yawanci babu alamun bayyanar, ya yi daidai da lokacin da kwayar cutar ke ƙaruwa da yaɗuwa ta hanyoyin jini ta cikin jiki. Koyaya, a cikin wasu mutane, musamman ma yara saboda immunearfafa garkuwar jiki, ana iya lura da wasu alamu, manyan sune:

• Alamar Romaña, wanda shine kumburin fatar ido, yana nuna cewa cutar ta shiga cikin jiki;
• Chagoma, wanda yayi daidai da kumburin wurin fata kuma yana nuna shigarwar T. cruzi a cikin jiki;
• Zazzaɓi;
• Malaise;
• Lara ƙwayar lymph;
• Ciwon kai;
• Tashin zuciya da amai;
• Gudawa.

Matsayi na yau da kullun na cutar Chagas yayi daidai da haɓakar ƙwayar cuta a cikin gabobi, galibi zuciya da tsarin narkewa, kuma maiyuwa bazai haifar da alamomin shekaru ba. Lokacin da suka bayyana, alamomin suna da tsauri, kuma akwai yiwuwar a sami wadatar zuciya, ana kiranta hypermegaly, ciwon zuciya, megacolon da megaesophagus, alal misali, ban da yiwuwar faɗaɗa hanta da baƙin ciki.

Alamomin cutar Chagas yawanci suna bayyana tsakanin kwanaki 7 da 14 bayan kamuwa daga cutar, amma duk da haka lokacin da cutar ta auku ta hanyar shan abinci mai cutar, alamun na iya bayyana bayan kwanaki 3 zuwa 22 bayan kamuwa da cutar.

Likitocin ne suka gano cutar ta Chagas ta hanyar matakin cutar, bayanan asibiti-annobar cutar, kamar wurin da yake zaune ko ziyarta da kuma dabi'ar cin abinci, da kuma bayyanar cututtuka. Ana yin binciken ne a dakin gwaje-gwaje ta hanyar amfani da dabarun da zasu bada damar gano T. cruzi a cikin jini, kamar ɗigon farin jini da shafawar Giemsa.

Watsa cutar Chagas

Cutar ta Chagas sanadiyyar kwayar cutar ne Trypanosoma cruzi, wanda matsakaicin mai masaukin sa shine wanzamin kwari. Wannan kwaron, da zaran ya sha jini, yana da dabi'ar yin bayan gida da yin fitsari kai tsaye daga nan, sai ya saki cutar, kuma idan mutum ya taba shi, wannan mahaukacin yakan sami damar shiga cikin jiki ya kai ga jini, wannan shine babban sifar yada cutar.

Wata hanyar watsawa ita ce cin abincin da ya gurbata da wanzami ko najasa, kamar ruwan 'ya'yan kanwa ko açaí. Hakanan ana iya daukar kwayar cutar ta hanyar karin gurbataccen jini, ko kuma ta hanyar haihuwa, ma’ana, daga uwa zuwa jariri yayin da take da juna biyu ko haihuwa.

Ya Rhodnius prolixus shima cutarwa ne mai hatsarin cutar, musamman a yankunan da ke kusa da dajin Amazon.

Tsarin rayuwa

Tsarin rayuwa na Trypanosoma cruziyana farawa ne lokacin da kwayar cutar ta shiga jinin mutum ta mamaye sel, ta rikide ta zama amastigote, wanda shine matakin ci gaba da kuma ninka wannan kwayar cutar. Amastigotes na iya ci gaba da mamaye ƙwayoyin halitta da ninkawa, amma kuma ana iya canza su zuwa trypomastigotes, lalata ƙwayoyin kuma ya zama cikin jini.

Wani sabon zagaye na iya farawa yayin da wanzami ya ciji mai cutar kuma ya sami wannan ƙwayar. Trywararrun masu wanzuwa a cikin wanzami sun rikide izuwa asalinsu, sun ninka kuma sun dawo sun zama trypomastigotes, waɗanda aka sakasu cikin najasar wannan ƙwarin.

Yadda ake yin maganin

Za a iya yin maganin cutar Chagas da farko tare da amfani da magunguna na kimanin wata 1, wanda zai iya warkar da cutar ko ya hana rikitarwarsa yayin da cutar ke cikin jinin mutum.

Amma wasu mutane ba su kai ga maganin cutar ba, saboda cutar ta bar jini kuma ta fara zama cikin kwayoyin halittar gabobi kuma saboda wannan dalili ne, ya zama mai saurin afkawa musamman zuciya da tsarin juyayi a hankali amma a ci gaba . Ara koyo game da maganin cutar Chagas.

Ci gaban bincike

A wani bincike da aka gudanar, an gano cewa maganin da ake amfani da shi don yaki da zazzabin cizon sauro yana da tasiri a kan Trypanosoma cruzi, hana wannan kwayar cutar barin barin kayan wankin wanzami da gurbata mutane. Bugu da kari, an tabbatar da cewa kwayayen matan aski da suka kamu da cutar ba su gurbata da T. cruzi kuma cewa sun fara yin ƙananan ƙwai.

Duk da samun sakamako mai kyau, ba a nuna wannan maganin don maganin cutar Chagas, domin don yin tasiri, allurai masu yawa sun zama dole, wanda yake da guba ga mutane. Don haka, masu bincike suna neman kwayoyi masu aiki iri ɗaya ko makamancin haka kuma a cikin haɗuwa waɗanda ƙananan guba ne ga kwayar suna da sakamako iri ɗaya.