Menene cutar ta jiki, yadda zaka kiyaye kanka da manyan cututtukan cututtuka

Wadatacce

• Babban cututtukan cututtuka
• Yadda zaka kiyaye cututtukan zuciya

Endemic za'a iya bayyana shi azaman yawan wata cuta, kasancewarta mai alaƙa da yanki saboda yanayin yanayi, zamantakewar jama'a, tsabtar ɗabi'a da kuma yanayin rayuwa. Sabili da haka, ana iya ɗaukar cuta mai haɗari lokacin da lamura suka faru tare da takamaiman mita a wurin da aka ba su.

Yawancin lokaci ana iyakance cututtukan cututtuka zuwa yanki ɗaya kawai, kuma ba sa yaduwa zuwa wasu wurare. Bugu da kari, wadannan cututtukan na iya zama na yanayi, ma’ana, yawan su ya bambanta gwargwadon lokacin shekara, alal misali a yanayin cutar zazzabin shawara, wanda ake ganin ya zama mai cutarwa a yankin arewacin Brazil kuma yawanta ya karu a lokacin bazara, wanda shine mafi kyawun lokacin shekara a wannan yankin.

Babban cututtukan cututtuka

Cututtukan da ake ganin suna da alaƙa sune waɗanda ke bayyana sau da yawa a cikin yankin da aka ba su kuma a wasu takamaiman lokaci, manyan su sune:

• Zazzabin zazzaɓi, wanda ake ɗaukarsa cuta a cikin yankin arewacin Brazil kuma sauro ke yada shi Aedes aegypti kuma Haemagogus sabethes;
• Malaria, wanda kuma ana ɗaukar sahihiyar cuta a Arewacin Brazil tare da mafi yawan lokuta a lokutan mafi tsananin zafi na shekara kuma ana samun hakan ne ta hanyar cizon sauro na al'aurar. Culex cutar ta m Plasmodium sp.;
• Schistosomiasis, wanda ke haifar da kwayar cutar Schistosoma mansoni kuma yana da yawa a wurare masu yanayin yanayi mai zafi da rashin tsafta, musamman a yankuna inda galibi ake samun ambaliyar ruwa;
• Leishmaniasis, wanda cuta ce mai saurin yaduwa sakamakon cizon sauro na al'aurar Lutzomyia cutar ta m Leishmania chagasi, wanda ya fi yawa a yanayin zafi;
• Dengue, wanda yana daya daga cikin cututtukan cututtuka masu yawa kuma waɗanda yawan kamuwa da cutar ya fi yawa a cikin watanni mafi tsananin zafi da bushewa na shekara;
• Hookworm, wanda shine kwayar cutar da ke haifar da cutar Ancylostoma duodenale;
• Filariasis, wanda yake haifar da Wuchereria bancrofti, kasancewa mai yawan gaske a Arewa da Arewa Maso Gabashin Brazil;
• Cutar Chagas, wanda ke haifar da kwayar cutar Trypanosoma cruzi kuma yana da yawan gaske a yankuna inda akwai aski mai yawa na kwari, wanda shine vector da ke da alhakin watsawa ga mutane.

Faruwar cutar rashin lafiya ya dogara da abubuwan tattalin arziki, kamar rashin tsabtace muhalli da ruwan sha, al'adu, muhalli, kamar gurɓataccen yanayi da yanayin yanayi wanda ke ba da damar yaduwar ƙwayoyin cuta, na zamantakewar jama'a da na rayuwa, kamar sauƙin mutane da watsa kwayar cutar.

Yadda zaka kiyaye cututtukan zuciya

Don hana faruwar cututtukan endemic, yana da mahimmanci a kimanta abubuwan da suka fi dacewa da faruwar waɗannan cututtukan. Don haka, don kiyayewa da yaƙi da cututtukan da ke tattare da cutar, yana da mahimmanci a ɗauki matakan inganta yanayin tsafta da tsabtace muhalli a yankunan da ke fama da cutar, tare da saka hannun jari a cikin dabarun hana yaduwar kwayar cutar mai saurin kamuwa da cutar da kuma saurin kamuwa da cutar ga mutane.

Bugu da kari, yana da mahimmanci a sanar da abin da ya faru na cututtukan cututtukan da ba su dace ba ga tsarin kiwon lafiya ta yadda za a karfafa matakan rigakafi da kulawa.