Aortic stenosis: menene shi, bayyanar cututtuka da magani

Wadatacce

• Babban bayyanar cututtuka
• Yadda ake yin maganin
• 1. A cikin mutane ba tare da bayyanar cututtuka ba
• 2. A cikin mutanen da ke da alamomi
• Sauya nau'in bawul
• Risks da rikitarwa waɗanda zasu iya faruwa a cikin tiyata
• Menene zai faru idan baku magance rashin ƙarfi ba
• Babban Sanadin

Ciwon Aortic cuta ce ta zuciya da ke tattare da taƙaitaccen bawul na aortic, wanda ke ba shi da wahala a harba jini zuwa jiki, wanda ke haifar da karancin numfashi, ciwon kirji da bugun zuciya.

Wannan cutar galibi tsufa ne ke haifar da ita kuma mafi tsananin nau'inta na iya haifar da mutuwar kwatsam, duk da haka, idan aka gano shi da wuri, ana iya magance shi ta amfani da magunguna kuma, a cikin mawuyacin yanayi, ta hanyar tiyata don maye gurbin bawul aortic. Gano yadda murmurewa yake kamar bayan aikin tiyata na zuciya.

Ciwon Aortic cuta ce ta zuciya inda bawul aortic ya fi ƙanƙanta fiye da yadda yake, yana da wuya a fitar da jini daga zuciya zuwa jiki. Wannan cutar galibi tsufa ne ke haifar da ita kuma mafi tsananin nau'inta na iya haifar da mutuwar bazata, amma idan aka gano ta cikin lokaci ana iya magance ta ta hanyar tiyata don maye gurbin bawul aortic.

Babban bayyanar cututtuka

Kwayar cututtukan cututtukan aortic stenosis suna fitowa musamman a cikin mummunan yanayin cutar kuma yawanci sune:

• Jin motsin numfashi yayin motsa jiki;
• Tarfafawa a cikin kirji wanda ya kara ƙaruwa tsawon shekaru;
• Ciwon kirji wanda yake taɓarɓarewa yayin yin ƙoƙari;
• Sumewa, rauni ko jiri, musamman yayin yin motsa jiki;
• Bugun zuciya.

Ganewar cutar rashin motsa jiki ana yin ta ne ta hanyar binciken asibiti tare da likitan zuciyar da kuma karin gwaje-gwajen kamar su kirjin X-ray, echocardiogram ko cardiac catheterization. Wadannan gwaje-gwajen, ban da gano canje-canje a cikin aikin zuciya, kuma suna nuna musabbabin yanayin cutar da rashin karfin aortic stenosis.

Maganin bugun aortic ana yin sa ne ta hanyar tiyata, wanda a ciki an maye gurbin isasshen bawul din da sabon bawul, wanda zai iya zama na roba ko na halitta, lokacin da aka yi shi daga alade ko nama. Sauya bawul din zai sa a fitar da jini yadda ya kamata daga zuciya zuwa sauran jiki, kuma alamun gajiya da ciwo za su shuɗe. Ba tare da tiyata ba, marasa lafiya da ke fama da matsanancin ciwo ko kuma waɗanda ke da alamomin rayuwa suna rayuwa kimanin shekaru 2.

Yadda ake yin maganin

Maganin cututtukan aortic ya dogara da matakin cutar. Lokacin da babu alamun bayyanar, kuma an gano cutar ta hanyar gwaje-gwaje, babu buƙatar takamaiman magani. Koyaya, bayan bayyanar bayyanar cututtuka, hanyar magani kawai ita ce tiyata don maye gurbin bawul aortic, inda aka maye gurbin bawul din da wani sabon bawul, yana daidaita yaduwar jini cikin jiki. Wannan tiyatar an fi nuna ta ne ga marasa lafiyar da ke fama da cutar rashin ƙarfi, tun da yawan mutuwar yana da yawa. Da ke ƙasa akwai zaɓuɓɓukan magani:

1. A cikin mutane ba tare da bayyanar cututtuka ba

Jiyya ga mutanen da ba sa nuna alamun cutar ba koyaushe ake yin tiyata ba, kuma ana iya yin su tare da yin amfani da magunguna da canje-canje a rayuwa, kamar guje wa wasannin gasa da ayyukan ƙwararru waɗanda ke buƙatar ƙoƙari na zahiri. Magungunan da aka yi amfani da su a wannan matakin na iya zama:

• Don kauce wa cututtukan endocarditis;
• Don magance cututtukan da ke tattare da cututtukan aortic stenosis.

Marasa lafiya waɗanda ba su da alamun cutar da za a iya nunawa don tiyata idan suna da bawul ɗin da ya ragu sosai, raguwar ci gaba a cikin aikin zuciya ko ƙarin canje-canje a cikin tsarin zuciya.

2. A cikin mutanen da ke da alamomi

Da farko dai, ana iya daukar kwayoyin cutar diure kamar Furosemide don shawo kan alamomin, amma magani mai inganci ga mutanen da ke da alamomin shi ne tiyata, tunda magungunan ba su isa su shawo kan cutar ba. Akwai hanyoyi guda biyu don maganin stenosis na aortic, dangane da yanayin lafiyar mai haƙuri:

• Sauya bawul din tiyata: daidaitaccen aikin tiyata na kirji don likitan ya isa zuciya. An cire bawul ɗin da ke da lahani kuma an sanya sabon bawul.
• Canza bawul din tare da catheter: wanda aka sani da TAVI ko TAVR, a wannan aikin ba a cire bawul ɗin da ke da lahani kuma an dasa sabon bawul ɗin a kan tsohon, daga catheter ɗin da aka sanya a jijiyoyin mata, a cinya, ko kuma daga yanke da aka yi kusa da zuciya.

Sauyawar bawul ta hanyar catheter galibi ana yin sa ne a cikin marasa lafiya da tsananin cuta da ƙananan ikon shawo kan tiyata a buɗe.

Sauya nau'in bawul

Akwai bawul iri biyu don sauyawa a buɗewar tiyata:

• Injin inji: an yi su ne da kayan roba kuma suna da ƙarfi sosai. Ana amfani dasu gaba ɗaya ga marasa lafiya ƙasa da shekaru 60, kuma bayan an dasa shi, mutum zai sha magungunan hana yaduwa a kullum kuma yayi gwajin jini lokaci zuwa sauran rayuwarsa.
• Halittu bawuloli: an yi su ne daga jikin dabbobi ko na mutum, suna ƙarewa daga shekaru 10 zuwa 20, kuma galibi ana ba da shawarar ne ga marasa lafiya da suka haura shekaru 65. Gabaɗaya, babu buƙatar shan ƙwayoyin cuta, sai dai idan mutum yana da wasu matsalolin da ke buƙatar irin wannan magani.

Ana yin zaɓin bawul tsakanin likita da mai haƙuri, kuma ya dogara da shekaru, salon rayuwa da yanayin asibiti na kowane ɗayansu.

Risks da rikitarwa waɗanda zasu iya faruwa a cikin tiyata

Haɗarin da aikin tiyata na maye gurbin aortic shine:

• Zuban jini;
• Kamuwa da cuta;
• Halittar thrombi wanda zai iya toshe magudanar jini da ke haifar da, misali, bugun jini;
• Infarction;
• Laifi a cikin sabon bawul din da aka sanya;
• Bukatar sabon aiki;
• Mutuwa.

Rashin haɗarin ya dogara ne da dalilai kamar su shekaru, tsananin gazawar zuciya da kasancewar wasu cututtuka, kamar atherosclerosis. Bugu da kari, kasancewar kasancewa cikin mahalli a asibiti ma na dauke da kasadar rikitarwa, kamar su cutar nimoniya da ciwon asibiti. Fahimci menene cutar asibiti.

Hanyar maye gurbin catheter, gabaɗaya, yana ɗauke da haɗari fiye da tiyata ta al'ada, amma akwai yiwuwar samun ƙwaƙwalwar ƙwaƙwalwa, ɗayan musababbin shanyewar jiki.

Menene zai faru idan baku magance rashin ƙarfi ba

Ciwon mara na rashin lafiya na iya canzawa tare da mummunan aiki na zuciya da alamun bayyanar tsananin gajiya, zafi, jiri, suma da kuma mutuwa kwatsam. Daga bayyanar alamun farko, tsawon rai na iya zama kasa da shekaru 2, a wasu lokuta, don haka yana da mahimmanci a tuntubi likitan zuciyar dan tabbatar da bukatar tiyata da kuma aikin da zai biyo baya. Duba yadda murmurewa yake bayan maye gurbin bawul aortic.

Babban Sanadin

Babban abin da ya haifar da rashin ji daɗin motsa jiki shi ne shekaru: a tsawon shekaru, bawul aortic yana fuskantar canje-canje a cikin tsarinsa, wanda hakan ya biyo bayan tarin alli da aiki mara kyau. Gabaɗaya, farkon bayyanar cututtukan yana farawa ne bayan shekara 65, amma mutum bazai ji komai ba kuma ma yana iya mutuwa ba tare da sanin cewa suna da matsalar rashin ruwa ba.

A cikin ƙananan mutane, mafi yawan abin da ke faruwa shine cututtukan rheumatic, inda ƙididdigar bawul aortic shima yake faruwa, kuma alamomi sun fara bayyana kusan shekara 50. Sauran dalilan da ba kasafai ke haifar da su ba sune cututtukan haihuwa kamar su bicuspid aortic valve, systemic lupus erythematosus, babban cholesterol da cutar rheumatoid. Fahimci menene rheumatism.