FLT3 Mutation da Ciwon Cutar Myeloid Mai Girma: Ra'ayoyi, Yawaita, da Kulawa

Wadatacce

• Menene canzawar FLT3?
• Ta yaya FLT3 ke shafar AML?
• Menene alamun?
• Gwaji don maye gurbin FLT3
• Jiyya don maye gurbin FLT3
• Awauki

Menene canzawar FLT3?

Myeloid leukemia mai tsanani (AML) ya kasu kashi-kashi dangane da yadda kwayoyin cutar kansa ke kama, da kuma irin kwayar halittar da suke da ita. Wasu nau'ikan AML sun fi wasu rikici kuma suna buƙatar magani daban.

FLT3 canjin halitta ne, ko maye gurbi, a cikin ƙwayoyin cutar sankarar bargo. Tsakanin mutane masu AML suna da wannan maye gurbi.

Lambobin jigilar FLT3 don sunadaran da ake kira FLT3 wanda ke taimakawa farin ƙwayoyin jini su girma. Maye gurbi a cikin wannan kwayar yana karfafa ci gaban kwayar cutar sankarar bargo da yawa.

Mutanen da ke dauke da maye gurbin FLT3 suna da mummunar cutar sankarar bargo wanda zai iya dawowa bayan an yi masa magani.

A baya, magungunan AML ba su da tasiri sosai game da cutar kansa tare da maye gurbin FLT3. Amma sababbin magunguna waɗanda suka keɓance wannan maye gurbi suna inganta yanayin hangen nesa ga mutane da wannan nau'in AML.

Ta yaya FLT3 ke shafar AML?

Kwayar FLT3 tana taimakawa daidaita rayuwar rayuwa da haifuwa. Canjin kwayar halitta yana haifar da kwayoyin jinin da basu balaga su ninka ba tare da kulawa ba.

A sakamakon haka, mutanen da ke da maye gurbin FLT3 suna da mummunan yanayin AML. Cutar su na iya dawowa, ko sake dawowa, bayan magani. Hakanan suna da ƙimar rayuwa fiye da mutane ba tare da maye gurbi ba.

Menene alamun?

Kwayar cutar AML sun hada da:

• rauni mai sauƙi ko zub da jini
• zubar hanci
• zubar da gumis
• gajiya
• rauni
• zazzaɓi
• asarar nauyi da ba a bayyana ba
• ciwon kai
• kodadde fata

Gwaji don maye gurbin FLT3

Kwalejin Masana Ilimin Lafiyar Amurka da Hungiyar Hematology ta Amurka sun ba da shawarar cewa duk wanda aka tabbatar yana da AML to a yi masa gwaji game da maye gurbin kwayar cutar ta FLT3.

Likitanku zai gwada ku a ɗayan hanyoyi biyu:

• Gwajin jini: Ana ɗauke jini daga jijiya a hannunka a aika zuwa dakin gwaje-gwaje.
• Burin kasusuwa: An saka allura a cikin kashin ka. Allurar na cire karamin kashin kashin ruwa.

Ana gwada jinin ko kashin kashin kashi don ganin idan kuna da maye gurbin FLT3 a cikin ƙwayoyin ku na cutar sankarar jini. Wannan gwajin zai nuna ko kai ɗan takara ne mai kyau don ƙwayoyi waɗanda ke ɗamarar musamman irin wannan AML.

Jiyya don maye gurbin FLT3

Har zuwa kwanan nan, mutanen da ke dauke da maye gurbi na FLT3 galibi ana kula da su tare da cutar sankara, wanda ba shi da tasiri sosai wajen inganta ƙimar rayuwa. Wani sabon rukuni na magungunan da ake kira masu hanawa FLT3 yana inganta hangen nesa ga mutane da maye gurbi.

Midostaurin (Rydapt) shi ne magani na farko da aka amince da shi don FLT3, kuma sabon magani na farko da aka amince da shi don magance AML a cikin shekaru 40. Doctors suna ba da Rydapt tare da magungunan ƙwayoyi irin su cytarabine da daunorubicin.

Kuna shan Rydapt da baki sau biyu a rana. Yana aiki ta hanyar toshe FLT3 da sauran sunadarai akan ƙwayoyin cutar sankarar jini wanda ke taimaka musu haɓaka.

Wani bincike da aka gudanar kan mutane 717 dauke da kwayar halitta ta FLT3 da aka buga a jaridar The New England Journal of Medicine ya duba illar magani da wannan sabon magani. Masu bincike sun gano cewa ƙara Rydapt zuwa maganin ƙwaƙwalwar ajiya na tsawon rai idan aka kwatanta da magani mara aiki (placebo) tare da chemotherapy.

Matsayin rayuwa na shekaru huɗu ya kasance kashi 51 cikin ɗari tsakanin mutanen da suka ɗauki Rydapt, idan aka kwatanta da kusan sama da kashi 44 cikin ɗari a cikin ƙungiyar placebo. Matsakaicin tsawon rayuwa ya fi shekaru shida a cikin rukunin masu jiyya, bisa kawai sama da shekaru biyu a cikin rukunin wuribo.

Rydapt na iya haifar da sakamako masu illa kamar:

• zazzabi da ƙananan ƙwayoyin jini (febrile neutropenia)
• tashin zuciya
• amai
• ciwo ko ja a baki
• ciwon kai
• tsoka ko ciwon kashi
• raunuka
• zubar hanci
• matakan hawan jini

Kwararka zai lura da kai don tasirin yayin da kake kan wannan magani, kuma ya ba ka jiyya don taimakawa wajen sarrafa su.

Wasu otheran sauran masu hanawa na FLT3 har yanzu suna cikin gwajin asibiti don ganin idan suna aiki. Wadannan sun hada da:

• karyananda
• gilteritinib
• quizartinib

Masu binciken kuma suna nazarin ko dashen dashen kwayar halitta bayan jiyya tare da mai hana FLT3 na iya rage damar kamuwa da ciwon kansa ya dawo. Suna kuma duba ko haɗuwa da magunguna daban-daban na iya zama mafi tasiri ga mutanen da ke wannan maye gurbi.

Awauki

Samun maye gurbi na FLT3 idan kuna da AML ana nufin samun sakamako mafi talauci. Yanzu, kwayoyi kamar Rydapt suna taimakawa wajen inganta hangen nesa. Sabbin magunguna da haɗuwa da ƙwayoyi na iya faɗaɗa rayuwa har ma fiye da shekaru masu zuwa.

Idan an gano ku tare da AML, likitanku zai gwada kansar ku don FLT3 da sauran maye gurbi. Sanin gwargwadon yiwuwar cutar ku zai taimaka wa likitan ku samun magani mafi inganci a gare ku.