Abin da kuke Bukatar Ku sani Game da Gwajin Halitta don Ciwon Canjin Huhu

Wadatacce

• Menene maye gurbi?
• Nawa ne nau'ikan NSCLC?
• Me zan sani game da gwajin kwayoyin halitta?
• Ta yaya waɗannan maye gurbi ke shafar magani?
• EGFR
• EGFR T790M
• ALK / EML4-ALK
• Sauran jiyya

Ciwon kanjamau na ƙananan ƙwayoyin cuta (NSCLC) ajali ne na yanayin da lalacewar kwayoyin halitta fiye da ɗaya ta kasance a cikin huhu. Gwaji don waɗannan bambancin maye gurbi na iya shafar yanke shawara da sakamako.

Ci gaba da karatu don koyo game da nau'o'in NSCLC, da gwaje-gwaje da jiyya da ake dasu.

Menene maye gurbi?

Halittar kwayar halitta, ko an gada ko an same ta, suna taka rawa wajen ci gaban cutar kansa. Yawancin maye gurbi da ke cikin NSCLC an riga an gano su. Wannan ya taimaka wa masu bincike ci gaba da kwayoyi wadanda ke sa wasu abubuwan maye gurbi.

Sanin waɗanne maye gurbi ne ke motsa cutar kansa zai iya ba likitanka damar sanin yadda ciwon kansa zai kasance. Wannan na iya taimakawa wajen tantance waɗanne irin kwayoyi ne masu yuwuwar yin tasiri. Hakanan yana iya gano magunguna masu ƙarfi waɗanda da wuya su taimaka a maganinku.

Wannan shine dalilin da ya sa gwajin kwayoyin bayan ganowar NSCLC yana da mahimmanci. Yana taimaka wajan keɓance magungunan ku.

Adadin maganin da aka yiwa niyya don NSCLC na ci gaba da ƙaruwa. Zamu iya tsammanin ganin ƙarin ci gaba yayin da masu bincike suka gano ƙarin game da takamaiman maye gurbi da ke haifar da NSCLC ci gaba.

Nawa ne nau'ikan NSCLC?

Akwai manyan nau'ikan nau'ikan ciwon huhu huɗu: ƙananan ƙananan huhu na huhu da ƙananan ƙwayoyin cuta na huhu. Kimanin kashi 80 zuwa 85 na dukkanin cututtukan huhu sune NSCLC, wanda za'a iya raba shi zuwa waɗannan ƙananan:

• Adenocarcinoma
  farawa a cikin ƙwayoyin samari waɗanda ke fitar da hancin. Wannan ƙaramin nau'in ana samun shi a cikin
  sassan waje na huhu. Yana yawan faruwa ga mata fiye da maza kuma
  a cikin matasa. Gabaɗaya ciwon sankara ne mai saurin haɓaka, yana ƙarawa
  ganowa a farkon matakai.
• Yan damfara
  cell carcinomas farawa a cikin ɗakunan layin da ke layin cikin hanyoyin iska
  a cikin huhu. Wannan nau'in yana iya farawa kusa da babbar hanyar iska a tsakiya
  na huhu.
• Babba
  cell carcinomas na iya farawa a ko'ina cikin huhu kuma yana iya zama mai saurin tashin hankali.

Ananan ƙananan ƙananan ƙananan sun hada da adenosquamous carcinoma da sarcomatoid carcinoma.

Da zarar kun san wane nau'in NSCLC kuke da shi, mataki na gaba shine yawanci don ƙayyade takamaiman maye gurbin kwayoyin halittar da zai iya kasancewa.

Me zan sani game da gwajin kwayoyin halitta?

Lokacin da kuka fara nazarin halittunku, likitan ku na binciken kasancewar kansar. Samfurin samfurin guda daya daga biopsy yawanci ana iya amfani dashi don gwajin kwayar halitta. Gwajin kwayoyin halitta na iya tantance daruruwan maye gurbi.

Waɗannan su ne wasu rikice-rikice na yau da kullun a cikin NSCLC:

• EGFR
  maye gurbi yana faruwa a kusan kashi 10 na mutanen da ke tare da NSCLC. Kimanin rabin mutanen da ke tare da NSCLC waɗanda basu taɓa shan taba ba
  ana samun su da wannan maye gurbi.
• EGFR T790M
  bambancin furotin ne na EGFR.
• KRAS
  maye gurbi yana da kusan kashi 25 cikin 100 na lokacin.
• ALK / EML4-ALK
  ana samun maye gurbi a kusan kashi 5 na mutanen da ke tare da NSCLC. Yana kula da
  shigar da matasa da masu shan sigari, ko masu shan sigari tare da adenocarcinoma.

Ananan maye gurbi da ke tattare da NSCLC sun haɗa da:

• BRAF
• HER2 (ERBB2)
• MEK
• MET
• SAMU
• ROS1

Ta yaya waɗannan maye gurbi ke shafar magani?

Akwai magunguna daban-daban don NSCLC. Saboda ba duk NSCLC iri daya bane, dole ne a yi la'akari da magani sosai.

Cikakken gwajin kwayoyin zai iya gaya muku idan ciwon ku na da wasu maye gurbi ko sunadarai. An tsara hanyoyin kwantar da hankali don magance takamaiman halaye na ƙari.

Waɗannan su ne wasu hanyoyin kwantar da hankali don NSCLC:

EGFR

Masu hana EGFR sun toshe siginar daga kwayar EGFR wacce ke karfafa ci gaba. Wadannan sun hada da:

• afatinib (Gilotrif)
• erlotinib (Tarceva)
• gefitinib (Iressa)

Wadannan duk magunguna ne na baka. Don ci gaban NSCLC, ana iya amfani da waɗannan magungunan su kaɗai ko tare da chemotherapy. Lokacin da chemotherapy baya aiki, ana iya amfani da waɗannan magungunan koda kuwa baka da maye gurbin EGFR.

Necitumumab (Portrazza) wani mai hana EGFR ne wanda aka yi amfani dashi don kwayar cutar NSCLC. Ana bayar da shi ta hanyar jigilar jijiyoyin jini (IV) a hade tare da chemotherapy.

EGFR T790M

Masu hanawa na EGFR suna ƙyamar ciwace-ciwacen ƙwayoyi, amma waɗannan kwayoyi na iya ƙarshe dakatar da aiki. Lokacin da hakan ta faru, likitanka na iya yin odar ƙarin biopsy na ƙari don ganin idan kwayar EGFR ta samar da wani maye gurbi wanda ake kira T790M.

A cikin 2017, Hukumar Abinci da Magunguna ta Amurka (FDA) zuwa osimertinib (Tagrisso). Wannan magani yana kula da NSCLC mai ci gaba wanda ya haɗa da maye gurbin T790M. An ba da izinin magani mai saurin inganta a cikin 2015. Ana nuna maganin lokacin da masu hana EGFR ba sa aiki.

Osimertinib magani ne na baka da ake sha sau ɗaya a rana.

ALK / EML4-ALK

Magungunan kwantar da hankali waɗanda ke ƙaddamar da furotin ALK mara kyau sun haɗa da:

• alectinib (Alecensa)
• Distance Ga-Rankuwa-brigatinib (Alunbrig)
• ceritinib (Zykadia)
• crizotinib (Xalkori)

Ana iya amfani da waɗannan magungunan na baka a madadin shan magani ko bayan chemotherapy ya daina aiki.

Sauran jiyya

Sauran hanyoyin kwantar da hankali sun haɗa da:

• BRAF: dabrafenib (Tafinlar)
• MEK: trametinib (Mekinist)
• ROS1: crizotinib (Xalkori)

A halin yanzu, babu ingantaccen maganin niyya don maye gurbin KRAS, amma bincike yana gudana.

Tumosu suna buƙatar ƙirƙirar sabbin hanyoyin jini don ci gaba da girma. Likitanku na iya ba da umarnin magani don toshe sabon haɓakar haɓakar jini a cikin NSCLC na ci gaba, kamar

• bevacizumab (Avastin), wanda za'a iya amfani dashi tare da ko
  ba tare da shan magani ba
• ramucirumab (Cyramza), wanda za'a iya haɗuwa da shi
  chemotherapy kuma yawanci ana bayar dashi bayan sauran magani baya aiki

Sauran maganin NSCLC na iya haɗawa da:

• tiyata
• jiyyar cutar sankara
• haskakawa
• palliative far don sauƙaƙe bayyanar cututtuka

Gwajin gwaji wata hanya ce ta gwada aminci da tasirin magungunan gwaji waɗanda har yanzu ba a yarda da amfani da su ba. Yi magana da likitanka idan kuna son ƙarin koyo game da gwajin asibiti na NSCLC.