Autoimmune hepatitis: abin da yake, babban bayyanar cututtuka, ganewar asali da magani

Wadatacce

• Babban bayyanar cututtuka
• Autoimmune hepatitis a ciki
• Yadda za'a tabbatar
• Yadda ake yin maganin

Autoimmune hepatitis cuta ce da ke haifar da ƙonewar hanta na yau da kullun saboda canji a tsarin garkuwar jiki, wanda ke fara gane ƙwayoyin kansa na ƙasashen waje kuma yana kai musu hari, yana haifar da raguwar aikin hanta da bayyanar alamomi kamar su ciwon ciki, launin rawaya da tashin zuciya mai ƙarfi.

Cutar hepatitis ta autoimmune yawanci tana bayyana ne kafin shekara 30 kuma ta fi faruwa ga mata. Har yanzu ba a san takamaiman abin da ya haifar da wannan cuta ba, wanda wata kila yana da nasaba da canjin dabi’ar halitta, amma ya kamata a tuna cewa ba wata cuta ce mai yaduwa ba, don haka, ba za a iya yada ta daga wani mutum zuwa wani ba.

Bugu da kari, hepatitis na autoimmune za a iya kasu kashi uku:

• Autoimmune hepatitis irin 1: mafi yawanci tsakanin shekaru 16 zuwa 30, kasancewar halin kasancewar FAN da AML antibodies a gwajin jini, kuma yana iya kasancewa haɗuwa da bayyanar wasu cututtukan autoimmune, irin su thyroiditis, celiac disease, synovitis da ulcerative colitis;
• Autoimmune hepatitis irin 2: yawanci yakan bayyana ne a cikin yara masu shekaru 2 zuwa 14, halayyar antibody ita ce Anti-LKM1, kuma tana iya bayyana tare da nau'in ciwon sukari na 1, vitiligo da autoimmune thyroiditis;

• Autoimmune hepatitis irin 3: kama da nau'in hepatitis na autoimmune na 1, tare da tabbataccen anti-SLA / LP antibody, amma mai yuwuwa mafi tsanani fiye da nau'in 1.

  
  

Kodayake babu magani, ana iya sarrafa cutar hepatitis ta jiki sosai tare da magani, wanda aka yi shi da magunguna don kula da rigakafi, kamar Prednisone da Azathioprine, ban da daidaitaccen abinci, mai wadataccen 'ya'yan itace, kayan marmari da hatsi, wanda aka guji. - yawan shan giya, mai, yawan abubuwan adana abubuwa da magungunan kashe qwari. Yin tiyata ko dashen hanta kawai ana nuna shi a cikin mawuyacin yanayi.

Babban bayyanar cututtuka

Kwayar cututtukan cututtukan hepatitis na yawanci yawanci ba a bayyana su ba kuma hoton asibiti na iya bambanta daga mai haƙuri wanda ke nuna alamun rashin lafiyar cutar rashin hanta. Don haka, manyan alamu da alamun da zasu iya nuna cutar hanta ita ce:

• Gajiya mai yawa;
• Rashin ci;
• Ciwon tsoka;
• Ciwon ciki na kullum;
• Tashin zuciya da amai;
• Fata mai launin rawaya da idanu, wanda ake kira jaundice;
• Jiki mai ƙaiƙayi;
• Hadin gwiwa;
• Ciki ya kumbura.

Yawanci cutar na farawa ne a hankali, yana tafiya a hankali daga makonni zuwa watanni har sai ya haifar da fibrosis na hanta da kuma rashin aiki, idan ba a gano cutar ba kuma ba a magance ta. Koyaya, a wasu lokuta, cutar na iya yin saurin lalacewa, ana kiranta hepatitis fulminant, wanda yake da matuƙar tsanani kuma yana iya haifar da mutuwa. San abin da yake kuma menene haɗarin kamuwa da cutar hanta.

Bugu da kari, a cikin wani karamin al'amari, cutar ba za ta iya haifar da alamomi ba, ana gano ta a gwaje-gwajen da ake yi na yau da kullun, wanda ke nuna karuwar enzymes na hanta. Yana da mahimmanci a yi bincike tun da wuri don likita ya iya kafa maganin ba da daɗewa ba, yana iya guje wa rikice-rikice, irin su cirrhosis, ascites da encephalopathy na hanta.

Autoimmune hepatitis a ciki

Alamomin cutar hanta a lokacin daukar ciki iri daya ne da na cutar a wajen wannan lokacin kuma yana da muhimmanci mace ta kasance tare da likitan mata don duba cewa babu wata hadari ga ita da jaririn, wanda ba kasafai ake samun hakan ba har yanzu yana samuwa a farkon mataki.

A cikin mata masu juna biyu waɗanda ke da cutar da ta fi haɓaka kuma suna da cutar cirrhosis a matsayin matsala, sa ido ya zama mafi mahimmanci, tun da akwai haɗarin haihuwa da wuri, ƙarancin haihuwa da buƙatar sashin haihuwa. Don haka, yana da mahimmanci ga likitan mahaifa ya nuna mafi kyawun magani, wanda yawanci ana yin sa tare da corticosteroid, kamar Prednisone.

Yadda za'a tabbatar

Ana yin gwajin cutar hepatitis na autoimmune ta hanyar tantance alamomi da alamomin da mutum ya gabatar da kuma sakamakon gwajin awon wanda dole ne likita ya nema. Ofaya daga cikin gwaje-gwajen da ke tabbatar da gano cutar hanta ita ce hanta, wanda a ciki aka tattara wani ɓangaren wannan ɓangaren kuma aka aika shi zuwa dakin gwaje-gwaje don lura da canje-canje a cikin ƙwayoyin da ke nuna cutar hanta ta autoimmune hepatitis.

Bugu da kari, likita na iya yin odar auna sinadarin enzymes na hanta, kamar su TGO, TGP da alkaline phosphatase, ban da aunadar immunoglobulins, antibodies and serology for hepatitis A, B and C virus.

Hakanan ana yin la'akari da halaye na rayuwar mutum a lokacin da cutar ta nuna, kamar yawan shan giya da amfani da magunguna masu guba ga hanta, ta yadda za a iya cire wasu abubuwan da ke haifar da matsalar hanta.

Yadda ake yin maganin

Maganin cutar hepatitis na autoimmune hepatologist ko gastroenterologist ne ke nuna shi, kuma ana farawa ne da amfani da magungunan corticosteroid, kamar Prednisone, ko immunosuppressants, kamar Azathioprine, wanda ke rage saurin kumburin hanta ta hanyar kiyaye shi tsawon shekaru, kuma zai iya zama yi a gida. A wasu lokuta, musamman a cikin matasa marasa lafiya, ana iya bada shawarar yin amfani da haɗin Prednisone tare da Azathioprine don rage tasirin.

Bugu da kari, ana ba da shawarar cewa marassa lafiyar da ke dauke da cutar hepatitis na autoimmune hepatitis su ci abinci iri daban-daban, su nisanci shan giya ko cin abinci mai maiko sosai, kamar su tsiran alade da kayan ciye-ciye.

A cikin yanayi mafi tsanani, wanda ba shi yiwuwa a sarrafa kumburi tare da amfani da ƙwayoyi, ana iya amfani da tiyata don dashen hanta, wanda ya ƙunshi maye gurbin hanta mai cuta da mai lafiya. Koyaya, kamar yadda hepatitis na autoimmune yake da alaƙa da tsarin garkuwar jiki ba ga hanta ba, bayan dasawa akwai yiwuwar cutar ta sake zama.