Ta Yaya Maganin baka na MS ke Aiki?

Wadatacce

• Rawar ƙwayoyin B da ƙwayoyin T
• Cladribine (Mavenclad)
• Dimethyl fumarate (Tecfidera)
• Diroximel fumarate (Yawan ƙarfi)
• Fingolimod (Gilenya)
• Siponimod (Mayzent)
• Teriflunomide (Aubagio)
• Sauran kwayoyi masu canza cuta
• Haɗarin haɗarin sakamako masu illa daga DMTs
• Gudanar da haɗarin illa
• Takeaway
• Wannan shine Abin da yake Ji daɗin zama tare da MS

Multiple sclerosis (MS) cuta ce ta autoimmune wanda tsarin garkuwar jikinka yake kaiwa rigar kariya a kusa da jijiyoyi a cikin tsarin jin ɗinka na tsakiya (CNS). CNS ya hada da kwakwalwarka da kashin baya.

Magungunan gyaran ƙwayoyin cuta (DMTs) sune shawarar da aka ba da shawara don taimakawa jinkirin ci gaban MS. DMTs na iya taimakawa jinkirta tawaya da rage yawan walƙiya a cikin mutanen da ke da yanayin.

Hukumar Abinci da Magunguna (FDA) ta amince da DMT da yawa don magance nau'ikan bayyanar cutar ta MS, gami da DMT guda shida waɗanda ake ɗauka da baki azaman kawunansu ko allunan.

Karanta don ƙarin koyo game da DMT ta baka da yadda suke aiki.

Rawar ƙwayoyin B da ƙwayoyin T

Don fahimtar yadda DMTS na baka ke taimakawa wajen magance MS, kuna buƙatar sani game da rawar wasu ƙwayoyin ƙwayoyin cuta a cikin MS.

Yawancin nau'ikan ƙwayoyin ƙwayoyin cuta da ƙwayoyin cuta suna cikin tasirin rigakafin cuta wanda ke haifar da kumburi da lalacewa a cikin MS.

Waɗannan sun haɗa da ƙwayoyin T da ƙwayoyin B, nau'ikan ƙwayoyin farin jini guda biyu da ake kira lymphocytes. An samar da su a cikin tsarin kwayar halittar jikin ku.

Lokacin da ƙwayoyin T ke motsawa daga tsarin kwayar cutar ku zuwa cikin jini, za su iya tafiya zuwa CNS ɗin ku.

Wasu nau'ikan kwayoyin T suna samar da sunadaran da aka sani da cytokines, wanda ke haifar da kumburi. A cikin mutanen da ke tare da MS, cytokines masu saurin kumburi suna haifar da lalacewar myelin da ƙwayoyin jijiyoyin.

Kwayoyin B kuma suna samar da cytokines masu saurin kumburi, wanda zai iya taimakawa wajen fitar da ayyukan ƙwayoyin T masu haifar da cuta a cikin MS. Kwayoyin B suma suna samar da kwayoyin cuta, wanda zai iya taka rawa a cikin MS.

Yawancin DMTs suna aiki ta iyakance kunnawa, rayuwa, ko motsi na ƙwayoyin T, ƙwayoyin B, ko duka biyun. Wannan yana taimakawa rage ƙonewa da lalacewa a cikin CNS. Wasu DMT suna kare ƙwayoyin jijiyoyi daga lalacewa ta wasu hanyoyi.

Cladribine (Mavenclad)

FDA ta amince da amfani da cladribine (Mavenclad) don bi da nau'ikan MS na sake dawowa a cikin manya. Har zuwa yau, ba a kammala karatu kan amfani da Mavenclad a cikin yara ba.

Lokacin da wani ya ɗauki wannan magani, yana shiga cikin ƙwayoyin T da ƙwayoyin B a cikin jikinsu kuma yana tsoma baki tare da ƙwayoyin ƙwayoyin halitta don haɗawa da kuma gyara DNA. Wannan yana sa ƙwayoyin rai su mutu, yana rage adadin ƙwayoyin T da ƙwayoyin B a cikin garkuwar jikinsu.

Idan kun karɓi magani tare da Mavenclad, zaku ɗauki kwasa-kwasan magunguna biyu a cikin shekaru 2. Kowane hanya zai ƙunshi makonni na jiyya 2, rabu da wata 1.

A kowane mako na jiyya, likitanka zai ba ka shawara ka ɗauki ƙwaya ɗaya ko biyu a kowace rana don kwanaki 4 ko 5.

Dimethyl fumarate (Tecfidera)

FDA ta amince da dimethyl fumarate (Tecfidera) don magance nau'ikan bayyanar cutar MS a cikin manya.

FDA ba ta riga ta amince da Tecfidera don kula da MS a cikin yara ba. Koyaya, likitoci na iya ba da umarnin wannan magani ga yara a cikin aikin da aka sani da amfani da "alamomin kashewa".

Kodayake ana buƙatar ƙarin bincike, karatu har zuwa yau yana ba da shawarar cewa wannan magani yana da aminci da tasiri don kula da MS a cikin yara.

Masana ba su san ainihin yadda Tecfidera yake aiki ba. Koyaya, masu bincike sun gano cewa wannan magani na iya rage yalwar wasu nau'ikan ƙwayoyin T da ƙwayoyin B, da kuma cytokines masu saurin kumburi.

Tecfidera kuma ya bayyana don kunna furotin da aka sani da makaman nukiliya factor erythroid 2-related factor (NRF2). Wannan yana haifar da martani na salula wanda ke taimakawa kare ƙwayoyin jiji daga damuwa na oxyidative.

Idan an ba ku umarnin Tecfidera, likitanku zai ba ku shawara ku ɗauki allurai 120-milligram (MG) guda biyu a rana don farkon kwanaki 7 na magani. Bayan makon farko, za su gaya maka ka ɗauki allurai 240-mg guda biyu kowace rana a kan ci gaba.

Diroximel fumarate (Yawan ƙarfi)

FDA ta amince da diroximel fumarate (Vumerity) don bi da nau'ikan sake dawowa na MS a cikin manya. Masana basu sani ba har yanzu ko wannan maganin yana da lafiya ko tasiri a cikin yara.

Vumerity wani ɓangare ne na rukunin magunguna iri ɗaya kamar Tecfidera. Kamar Tecfidera, an yi imanin cewa zai kunna furotin NRF2. Wannan yana kashe martani na salula wanda zai taimaka hana lalacewar ƙwayoyin jijiyoyi.

Idan shirin maganinku ya hada da Vumerity, likitanku zai shawarce ku da ku ɗauki 231 MG na magani sau biyu a rana don kwanakin 7 na farko. Daga wannan lokacin, yakamata ku sha 462 MG na magani sau biyu a rana.

Fingolimod (Gilenya)

FDA ta amince da yin fingolimod (Gilenya) don magance nau'ikan MS na sake dawowa a cikin manya harma da yara masu shekaru 10 zuwa sama.

FDA ba ta riga ta amince da wannan magani don kula da ƙananan yara ba, amma likitoci na iya ba da umarnin kashe-lakabin ga yara 'yan ƙasa da shekaru 10.

Wannan magani yana toshe wani nau'in kwayar siginar sigina da aka sani da sphingosine 1-phosphate (S1P) daga ɗaurawa zuwa ƙwayoyin T da ƙwayoyin B. Hakanan, wannan yana hana waɗannan ƙwayoyin shiga cikin jini da tafiya zuwa CNS.

Lokacin da aka dakatar da waɗannan ƙwayoyin daga tafiya zuwa CNS, ba za su iya haifar da kumburi da lalacewa a can ba.

Ana ɗaukar Gilenya sau ɗaya a rana. A cikin mutanen da suka auna nauyinsu sama da fam 88 (kilo 40), yawan shawarar da ake bayarwa a yau ita ce 0.5 mg. A cikin waɗanda suka auna ƙasa da hakan, yawan shawarar da ake bayarwa a yau ita ce 0.25 MG.

Idan kun fara jiyya tare da wannan magani sannan kuma ku daina amfani da shi, ƙila ku sami damuwa mai zafi.

Wasu mutanen da ke tare da MS sun ɓullo da ƙarancin nakasa da sababbin raunuka na kwakwalwa bayan sun daina shan wannan magani.

Siponimod (Mayzent)

FDA ta amince da siponimod (Mayzent) don magance nau'ikan bayyanar cutar MS a cikin manya. Ya zuwa yanzu, masu bincike ba su kammala karatu ba game da amfani da wannan magani a cikin yara.

Mayzent yana cikin aji ɗaya na ƙwayoyi kamar Gilenya. Kamar Gilenya, yana toshe S1P daga ɗaurawa zuwa ƙwayoyin T da ƙwayoyin B. Wannan yana dakatar da waɗannan ƙwayoyin ƙwayoyin daga tafiya zuwa kwakwalwa da laka, inda zasu haifar da lahani.

Ana ɗaukar Mayzent sau ɗaya a rana. Don ƙayyade yawan aikin ku na yau da kullun, likitanku zai fara ne ta hanyar bincika ku don alamar kwayar halitta wacce za ta iya taimakawa hango ko hasashen amsar ku ga wannan magani.

Sakamakon gwajin ku na kwayoyin halitta yana ba da shawarar wannan magani na iya aiki da kyau a gare ku, likitanku zai ba da ɗan ƙaramin magani don farawa. A hankali za su ƙara yawan adadin da aka ba ku a cikin wani tsari da aka sani da ƙima. Manufar ita ce haɓaka fa'idodi masu amfani yayin iyakance abubuwan illa.

Idan kun sha wannan magani sannan kuma kuka daina amfani da shi, yanayinku na iya zama mafi muni.

Teriflunomide (Aubagio)

FDA ta amince da amfani da teriflunomide (Aubagio) don magance sake bayyanar nau'ikan MS a cikin manya. Babu wani karatu da aka buga har yanzu kan amfani da wannan magani a cikin yara.

Aubagio yana toshe wani enzyme wanda aka sani da dihydroorotate dehydrogenase (DHODH). Wannan enzyme yana cikin samar da pyrimidine, tubalin ginin DNA wanda ake buƙata don haɗin DNA a cikin ƙwayoyin T da ƙwayoyin B.

Lokacin da wannan enzyme ba zai iya samun isasshen pyrimidine don hada DNA ba, yana iyakance samuwar sabbin kwayoyin T da kwayoyin B.

Idan kun karɓi jiyya tare da Aubagio, likitanku na iya ba da shawarar kashi 7- ko 14-MG kowace rana.

Sauran kwayoyi masu canza cuta

Baya ga waɗannan magungunan na baka, FDA ta amince da wasu DMT waɗanda ake allura ƙarƙashin fata ko kuma aka bayar ta hanyar jiko cikin igiyar jini.

Sun hada da:

• alemtuzumab (Lemtrada)
• actira mai ƙyalƙyali (Copaxone, Glatect)
• interferon beta-1 (Avonex)
• interferon beta-1a (Rebif)
• interferon beta-1b (Betaseron, Extavia)
• mitoxantrone (Novantrone)
• natalizumab (Tysabri)
• aksar (Ocrevus)
• peginterferon beta-1a (Plegridy)

Yi magana da likitanka don ƙarin koyo game da waɗannan magunguna.

Haɗarin haɗarin sakamako masu illa daga DMTs

Jiyya tare da DMT na iya haifar da sakamako mai illa, wanda a wasu lokuta ke da tsanani.

Hanyoyi masu illa na jiyya sun bambanta dangane da takamaiman nau'in DMT da kuke ɗauka.

Wasu sakamako masu illa na yau da kullun sun haɗa da:

• ciwon kai
• tashin zuciya
• amai
• gudawa
• kumburin fata
• asarar gashi
• jinkirin bugun zuciya
• gyaran fuska
• rashin jin daɗin ciki

DMTs kuma suna da alaƙa da haɗarin kamuwa da cuta, kamar su:

• mura
• mashako
• tarin fuka
• shingles
• wasu cututtukan fungal
• ci gaban multifocal leukoencephalopathy, wani nau'in nau'in kamuwa da cuta na kwakwalwa

Riskarin haɗarin kamuwa da cuta shine saboda waɗannan magungunan suna canza tsarin garkuwar ku kuma yana iya rage adadin ƙwayoyin jini masu yaƙi da cuta a cikin jikin ku.

DMTs na iya haifar da wasu mawuyacin sakamako masu illa, kamar lahani na hanta da halayen rashin lafiyan da ke damun sa. Wasu DMTs na iya haifar da hawan jini ya hau. Wasu na iya sa bugun zuciyar ka ya ragu.

Ka tuna cewa likitanka zai ba da shawarar DMT idan sun yi imanin cewa fa'idodin da ke tattare da su sun fi haɗarin haɗari.

Zama tare da MS wanda ba a sarrafa shi yadda yakamata yana ɗaukar mahimman haɗari. Yi magana da likitanka don ƙarin koyo game da yuwuwar illa da fa'idodin DMT daban-daban.

Ba a ɗaukar DMT koyaushe amintacce ga mutanen da ke da ciki ko masu shayarwa.

Gudanar da haɗarin illa

Kafin ka fara jiyya tare da DMT, likitanka yakamata ya duba ka don kamuwa da cuta, cutar hanta, da sauran matsalolin lafiya waɗanda zasu iya haifar da haɗarin shan magani.

Hakanan likitanku na iya ƙarfafa ku don karɓar wasu alurar riga kafi kafin ku fara magani tare da DMT. Kila buƙatar jira makonni da yawa bayan karɓar rigakafin kafin fara shan magani.

Yayin da kake karɓar magani tare da DMT, likitanka na iya ba ka shawara ka guji wasu magunguna, ƙarin abinci mai gina jiki, ko wasu kayayyaki. Tambaye su ko akwai magunguna ko wasu kayan da zasu iya hulɗa ko tsangwama ga DMT.

Hakanan likitanku yakamata ya sa ido a kanku don alamun sakamako masu illa a yayin da bayan jiyya tare da DMT. Misali, wataƙila za su yi odar gwajin jini na yau da kullun don bincika ƙididdigar ƙwayoyin jininku da enzymes ɗin hanta.

Idan kuna tunanin zaku iya fuskantar illa, sanar da likitanku yanzunnan.

Takeaway

An yarda da DMT da yawa don magance MS, gami da nau'ikan maganin baka shida.

Wasu daga waɗannan magungunan na iya zama mafi aminci ko mafi dacewa ga wasu mutane fiye da wasu.

Kafin ka fara shan DMT, tambayi likitanka game da fa'idodi da haɗarin amfani da shi. Zasu iya taimaka maka fahimtar yadda magunguna daban-daban zasu iya shafar jikinka da hangen nesa na dogon lokaci tare da MS.

Wannan shine Abin da yake Ji daɗin zama tare da MS