Jijiyoyi Nawa Suna Jikin Mutum?

Wadatacce

• Jijiyoyi a jiki
• Ofungiyar tsarin mai juyayi
• Jijiyoyin cranial
• Jijiyoyin kashin baya
• To yaya jijiyoyi duka tare?
• Menene ya zama ƙwayar jijiyar jiki?
• Menene jijiyoyi suke yi?
• Shin tsawon abu ne?
• Gaskiya game da tsarin mai juyayi
• 1. Ana iya auna sifofin lantarki na jijiyoyi
• 2. Jijiyoyin jijiyoyi suna da sauri
• 3. Neurons basa shan rabewar sel
• 4. Ba da gaske kake amfani da kashi 10 cikin 100 na kwakwalwarka ba
• 5. Kwakwalwarka tana amfani da yawan kuzari
• 6. Kashin kan ka ba shine kadai abin da ke kare kwakwalwar ka ba
• 7. Kuna da dumbin masu saukar da kwakwalwa
• 8. Hanyoyi masu yuwuwa don gyara lalacewar tsarin juyayi sun bambanta
• 9. imarfafa jijiyoyin farji na iya taimakawa da farfadiya da baƙin ciki
• 10. Akwai saitin jijiyoyi masu hade da kitse
• 11. Masana kimiyya sun kirkiro jijiyar azanci da wucin gadi
• Layin kasa

Tsarin ku shine babbar hanyar sadarwar ku ta jikin ku. Tare da tsarin ku na endocrine, yana sarrafawa da kula da ayyuka daban-daban na jikin ku. Allyari, yana taimaka muku yin hulɗa tare da yanayin ku.

Tsarin naku ya haɗu da cibiyar sadarwar jijiyoyi da ƙwayoyin jijiyoyi waɗanda ke ɗauke da saƙo zuwa kuma daga kwakwalwa da laka da sauran jiki.

Jijijiya shine tarin zaren da ke karɓa da aika saƙonni tsakanin jiki da kwakwalwa. Ana aikawa da sakonnin ne ta hanyar canjin sinadarai da lantarki a cikin kwayoyin halitta, wadanda ake kira neurons, wadanda suke samar da jijiyoyi.

Don haka, yaya yawancin waɗannan jijiyoyin suke a jikin ku? Duk da yake ba wanda ya san daidai, yana da lafiya a ce mutane suna da ɗaruruwan jijiyoyi - da kuma biliyoyin jijiyoyi! - daga saman kanmu zuwa kan yatsun kafafunmu.

Karanta don ƙarin koyo game da ƙidaya da mai suna jijiyoyin jijiyoyin jiki da na kashin baya, da kuma abin da ƙwayoyin jijiyoyi suka ƙunsa, da kuma wasu abubuwa masu ban sha'awa game da tsarin nishaɗinka.

Jijiyoyi a jiki

Ofungiyar tsarin mai juyayi

Tsarin jijiyar ku yana da rarrabuwa biyu:

• Tsarin juyayi na tsakiya (CNS): CNS shine cibiyar umarnin jiki kuma ya kasance daga kwakwalwar ku da layin baya. Kwakwalwa tana da kariya a cikin kwanyar ka yayin da kashin bayan ka ke kare kashin bayan ka.
• Tsarin juyayi na jiki (PNS): PNS ya kasance daga jijiyoyin da suka tashi daga CNS ɗin ku. Jijiyoyi sune jigunan axons waɗanda ke aiki tare don watsa sigina.

PNS na iya kara lalacewa zuwa cikin azanci da rabe-raben mota:

• Dararrabuwar kawuna Yana watsa bayanai daga ciki da waje na jikinka zuwa ga CNS dinka. Wannan na iya haɗawa da abubuwa kamar jin zafi, ƙamshi, da gani.
• Dararraba mota karɓar sigina daga CNS wanda ke haifar da aiki. Waɗannan ayyuka na iya zama na son rai, kamar motsa hannunka, ko rashin aiki kamar ƙuntatawar jijiyoyin da ke taimakawa motsa abinci ta hanyarka.

Jijiyoyin cranial

Nerwayoyin jijiyoyin jiki wani ɓangare ne na PNS ɗin ku. Kuna da jijiyoyi na jijiyoyi 12.

Nerwayoyin jijiyoyin jiki na iya samun ayyuka na azanci, ayyukan motsa jiki, ko duka biyun. Misali:

• Jijiyar olfactory tana aiki na azanci. Yana watsa bayanai kan kamshi zuwa kwakwalwa.
• Jijiyar oculomotor tana da aikin motsa jiki. Yana sarrafa motsin idanunku.
• Jijiyar fuska tana da ma'anar ji da motsa jiki. Yana watsa abubuwan dandano daga harshenka sannan kuma yana sarrafa motsi na wasu tsokoki a fuskarka.

Jijiyoyin kwanciya sun samo asali ne daga kwakwalwa kuma suna tafiya zuwa kai, fuskarka, da wuyanka. Banda wannan shine jijiyar farji, wanda shine jijiyar cranial. Yana da alaƙa da wurare da yawa na jiki waɗanda suka haɗa da maƙogwaro, zuciya, da hanyar narkewa.

Jijiyoyin kashin baya

Hakanan jijiyoyi na kashin baya wani ɓangare ne na PNS ɗin ku. Sukan cire reshen ƙashin ku. Kuna da jijiyoyi 31 na jijiyoyin kashin baya. An haɗa su ta yankin yankin kashin baya da suke haɗuwa da su.

Nerwayoyin jijiyoyi suna da aikin azanci da motsa jiki.Wannan yana nufin cewa dukansu zasu iya aika bayanan azanci zuwa ga CNS tare da aika umarni daga CNS zuwa gaɓoɓin jikinku.

Hakanan jijiyoyin kashin baya suna haɗuwa da cututtukan fata. Dermatome wani yanki ne na fata wanda ke aiki da jijiya ɗaya ta kashin baya. Duk amma jijiyoyin jijiyoyin ka suna watsa bayanan azanci daga wannan yankin zuwa CNS.

To yaya jijiyoyi duka tare?

Akwai jijiyoyin jijiyoyi da yawa ko'ina cikin jikinku. Yawancin jijiyoyi masu saurin ji wadanda ke kawo jin dadi daga fata da gabobin ciki sun hadu wuri daya don samar da rassan jijiyoyin jijiyoyin jijiyoyin jiki da na kashin baya.

Motorananan motsin jijiyoyin kwanciya da jijiyoyin baya sun kasu kashi cikin ƙananan jijiyoyi waɗanda suka kasu zuwa ƙananan jijiyoyi. Don haka jijiya daya ko jijiya ta jiki na iya raba ko'ina daga jijiyoyin jijiyoyin 2 zuwa 30.

Menene ya zama ƙwayar jijiyar jiki?

Neuwayoyin ku suna aiki don gudanar da motsin jiki. Suna da sassa uku:

• Sel jiki: Kama da sauran ƙwayoyin jikinku, wannan yankin ya ƙunshi abubuwa da dama na cellular kamar tsakiya.
• Dendrites: Dendrites kari ne daga jikin kwayar halitta. Suna karɓar sigina daga wasu ƙananan ƙwayoyin cuta. Adadin dendrites akan neuron na iya bambanta.
• Axon: Axon yana aiki daga jikin kwayar halitta. Yawanci ya fi na dendrites kuma yana ɗaukar sigina daga jikin kwayar halitta inda sauran ƙwayoyin jijiyoyin zasu karɓa. Axons galibi ana rufe shi da wani abu da ake kira myelin, wanda ke taimakawa wajen karewa da kuma rufe axon.

Kwakwalwar ka kadai ta kunshi kimanin jijiyoyi biliyan 100 (duk da cewa wani mai bincike yayi gardamar cewa adadi ya fi kusa).

Menene jijiyoyi suke yi?

Don haka yadda ainihin ƙwayoyin cuta suke aiki? Bari mu bincika wani nau'in siginar neuron a ƙasa:

1. Lokacin da jijiyoyi ke yiwa wata siginar sigina alama, wani abu ne na lantarki ana saukowa da tsawon axon.
2. A ƙarshen axon, siginar lantarki ya canza zuwa siginar sinadarai. Wannan yana haifar da sakin kwayar halitta da ake kira neurotransmitters.
3. Masu juyawar jijiyoyin sun gyara rata, wanda ake kira synapse, tsakanin axon da dendrites na gaba neuron.
4. Lokacin da neurotransmitters suka ɗaura zuwa dendrites na gaba neuron, siginar sinadaran ya sake canzawa zuwa siginar lantarki kuma yayi tafiya tsawon neuron.

Jijiyoyi sun haɗa da jigunan axons waɗanda ke aiki tare don sauƙaƙe sadarwa tsakanin CNS da PNS. Yana da mahimmanci a lura cewa "jijiya na gefe" a zahiri yana nufin PNS. Ana kiran tarin Axon "yankuna" a cikin CNS.

Lokacin da jijiyoyi suka lalace ko kuma ba sa sigina daidai, ƙwayar cuta na jijiyoyin jiki na iya haifar. Akwai nau'o'in cututtukan jijiyoyin jiki kuma suna da dalilai daban-daban. Wasu ƙila ku saba da su sun haɗa da:

• farfadiya
• ƙwayar cuta mai yawa
• Cutar Parkinson
• Alzheimer ta cuta

Shin tsawon abu ne?

Tsawon axon neuron na iya bambanta. Wasu na iya zama ƙananan ƙananan yayin da wasu na iya zuwa.

Hakazalika, jijiyoyi na iya bambanta da girman kuma. Yayinda PNS ɗinku suka fita, jijiyoyinku kanyi girma.

Sashin jijiyoyin jiki shine cikin jikin ku. Yana farawa daga cikin ƙasanku kuma yana tafiya har zuwa ƙafafun ƙafarku.

Wataƙila kun taɓa jin wani yanayin da ake kira sciatica wanda jin zafi mai raɗaɗi ya fito daga ƙasanku na baya da ƙafa. Wannan yana faruwa lokacin da jijiyoyin sciatic suka matsa ko suka fusata.

Gaskiya game da tsarin mai juyayi

Ci gaba da karantawa a ƙasa don wasu ƙarin abubuwan nishaɗi da sauri game da tsarinku na juyayi.

1. Ana iya auna sifofin lantarki na jijiyoyi

A zahiri, yayin motsawar jijiya wani canjin canji na faruwa yana faruwa a kan membrane na axon.

2. Jijiyoyin jijiyoyi suna da sauri

Suna iya tafiya cikin saurin har zuwa.

3. Neurons basa shan rabewar sel

Wannan yana nufin cewa idan sun lalace ba za a iya maye gurbinsu ba. Wannan shine ɗayan dalilan da yasa raunin rauni ga tsarin mai juyayi na iya zama mai tsanani.

4. Ba da gaske kake amfani da kashi 10 cikin 100 na kwakwalwarka ba

Kwakwalwarka ta kasu kashi daban-daban, kowanne da ayyukansa daban-daban. Haɗuwa da waɗannan ayyukan yana taimaka mana fahimtar da amsawa ga abubuwan ciki da na waje.

5. Kwakwalwarka tana amfani da yawan kuzari

Kwakwalwarka ta kai kimanin fam uku. Wannan karami ne idan aka kwatanta shi da nauyin jikinka gaba daya, amma a cewar Cibiyar Smithsonian, kwakwalwarka tana samun kashi 20 na isashshen oxygen da kuma gudan jini.

6. Kashin kan ka ba shine kadai abin da ke kare kwakwalwar ka ba

Wani shinge na musamman da ake kira shingen kwakwalwar jini yana hana abubuwa masu cutarwa a cikin jini shiga cikin kwakwalwarka.

7. Kuna da dumbin masu saukar da kwakwalwa

Tun lokacin da aka gano farkon ƙwayar jijiyoyin cikin 1926, fiye da abubuwa 100 sun shiga cikin watsa sigina tsakanin jijiyoyi. Ma'aurata da zaku iya sani sune dopamine da serotonin.

8. Hanyoyi masu yuwuwa don gyara lalacewar tsarin juyayi sun bambanta

Masu bincike suna aiki tuƙuru don samar da hanyoyin da za su iya gyara lalacewar tsarin mai juyayi. Wasu hanyoyi na iya haɗawa amma ba'a iyakance ga kari na ƙwayoyin haɓaka-haɓaka ba, takamaiman abubuwan haɓaka, ko ma ƙwayoyin ƙwayoyin cuta don haɓaka sabuntawa ko gyara kayan jijiya.

9. imarfafa jijiyoyin farji na iya taimakawa da farfadiya da baƙin ciki

Ana cika wannan ta amfani da na'urar da ke aika sigina na lantarki zuwa jijiyar gabanka. Wannan, bi da bi, yana aika sigina zuwa takamaiman sassan kwakwalwa.

Tashin jijiya na Vagus na iya taimakawa rage yawan kamuwa da cuta a cikin mutanen da ke da wasu nau'in farfadiya. Hakanan yana iya inganta alamun cututtukan ɓacin rai na tsawon lokaci a cikin mutanen da baƙin cikinsu bai amsa wasu jiyya ba. Ana kimanta tasirinsa ga yanayi kamar ciwon kai da cututtukan zuciya na rheumatoid kuma.

10. Akwai saitin jijiyoyi masu hade da kitse

Nazarin 2015 a cikin beraye yayi amfani da hoto don hango ƙwayoyin jijiyoyin da ke kewaye da kayan mai. Masu binciken sun gano cewa kara kuzarin wadannan jijiyoyin kuma ya kara karfin narkewar kitse. Ana buƙatar ƙarin bincike, amma wannan na iya samun tasirin yanayi kamar kiba.

11. Masana kimiyya sun kirkiro jijiyar azanci da wucin gadi

Tsarin yana iya tattara bayanai akan matsin lamba kuma ya canza shi zuwa tasirin lantarki wanda za'a iya haɗa shi akan transistor.

Wannan transistor din yana fitar da hankulan lantarki a cikin tsari kwatankwacin wadanda ke samar da jijiyoyi. Masu binciken sun ma iya amfani da wannan tsarin don motsa tsokoki a cikin kafar kyankyaso.

Layin kasa

Kuna da daruruwan jijiyoyi da biliyoyin jijiyoyi a jikinku.

Tsarin mai juyayi ya kasu kashi biyu - CNS da PNS. CNS ya hada da kwakwalwarka da kashin bayanka yayin da PNS ya kunshi jijiyoyi wadanda suka tashi daga CNS kuma suka shiga gefen jikinka.

Wannan babban tsarin na jijiyoyi suna aiki tare azaman hanyar sadarwar sadarwa. Jijiyoyi masu saurin motsa jiki suna sadar da bayanai daga jikinka da yanayinka zuwa ga CNS. A halin yanzu, CNS tana haɗawa da aiwatar da wannan bayanin don aika saƙonni akan yadda za'a amsa ta jijiyoyin mota.