Me yasa Kiba ta kasance kuma Ba a n’taukar ta wata cuta

Wadatacce

• Ta yaya ake auna kiba?
• Indexididdigar jiki
• Daurin kugu
• Menene cuta?
• Dalilin kiba ana daukar cuta
• Dalilan kiba ba a daukar cuta
• Yanayin rikitarwa na kiba

Kiba lamari ne mai rikitarwa game da lafiyar jama'a wanda masana likitanci yanzu suka yarda yana da dalilai da yawa. Wadannan sun hada da dalilai na jiki, halayyar mutum, da kuma kwayoyin halitta.

Zamu ayyana kiba kamar yadda masana kiwon lafiya keyi a halin yanzu. Har ila yau, za mu sake nazarin maganganu da muhawara daga ƙungiyar likitocin game da ko ya kamata mutane su ɗauki kiba a matsayin cuta.

Manyan kungiyoyin likitocin suna daukar kiba cuta, yayin da wasu kwararrun likitocin basu yarda ba. Ga dalilin.

Ta yaya ake auna kiba?

Doctors suna ɗaukar kiba a matsayin wani yanayi wanda mutum ke haifar da yawan kitse a jiki, wanda aka fi sani da adipose tissue. Wani lokaci likitoci na iya amfani da kalmar “adiposity.” Wannan lokacin yana bayyana yanayin ƙwayar nama mai yawa a jiki.

Aukar wannan ƙarin kitse na iya haifar da rikitarwa ga lafiya, gami da ciwon sukari irin na 2, hawan jini, da cututtukan zuciya.

Doctors suna amfani da auna kamar nauyin jiki, tsayin jiki, da ginin jiki don ayyana kiba. Wasu ma'aunai sun haɗa da:

Indexididdigar jiki

Lissafin ma'aunin jiki (BMI) nauyi ne a fam wanda aka raba shi da tsayi a inci murabba'i, wanda aka ninka shi da 703, wanda ake amfani da shi don canza ma'aunin zuwa na BMI a cikin kg / m².

Misali, mutumin da yakai ƙafa 5, inci 6 tsayi kuma fam 150 zai sami BMI na 24.2 kg / m².

Americanungiyar (asar Amirka game da Ciwon Magunguna da Harkokin Kiwon Lafiyar Jama'a ta bayyana aji uku na kiba dangane da kewar BMI:Cutar kiba. (nd). https://asmbs.org/patients/disease-of-obesity

• aji Na kiba: BMI na 30 zuwa 34.9
• kiba na aji biyu, ko kiba mai tsanani: BMI na 35 zuwa 39.9
• aji na uku na kiba, ko tsananin kiba: BMI na 40 zuwa sama

Mai lissafin BMI kamar wanda aka bayar ta ko ta hanyar Ciwon Cutar Kanada Kanada na iya zama wuri don farawa, kodayake BMI shi kaɗai ba lallai ne ya faɗi abin da ke da lafiya ga kowane mutum ba.

Daurin kugu

Samun babban adadin mai mai alaƙa da sauran jiki yana haifar da haɗarin rikitarwa na lafiya. Don haka mutum na iya samun BMI wanda yake a cikin zangon "kiba" (nau'in kafin kiba), amma duk da haka likitoci suna ɗauka cewa suna da ciwon kiba na tsakiya saboda kewayen kugu.

Zaku iya nemo kewayen ku ta hanyar auna kugu a sama da kashin ku. A cewar CDC, mutum na cikin hadari mafi girma ga yanayin da ke da alaƙa da kiba lokacin da ƙwanƙwancinsa ya fi inci 40 ga namiji da inci 35 ga mace marar ciki.Game da BMI babba. (2017).

Ma'aunai kamar BMI da kewayen kugu sune kimar yawan kitse da mutum yayi. Ba su da cikakke.

Misali, wasu masu ginin jiki da masu motsa jiki na iya zama da karfin jiji har suna da BMI wanda ya faɗi a cikin zangon kiba.

Yawancin likitoci za su yi amfani da BMI don yin kyakkyawan kimantawa game da kiba a cikin mutum, amma wannan na iya zama ba daidai ba ga kowa.

Menene cuta?

Bayan ma'aunai masu bayyana kiba, dole ne likitoci suyi la'akari da ma'anar kalmar "cuta". Wannan ya tabbatar da wahala har zuwa batun kiba.

Misali, wani kwamiti na kwararru na 2008 daga kungiyar kiba ta yi kokarin ayyana “cuta.”Allison DB, et al. (2012). Kiba a matsayin cuta: Farar takarda kan hujja da mahawara da majalisar Obungiyar Obesity ta yi umarni. DOI:
10.1038 / oby.2008.231 Sun gama ajalin yana da matukar rikitarwa ta yadda za'a bayyana shi cikakke. Ba kamar ma'aunin kimiyya wanda ke da lissafi da lambobi a bayan su ba, "cuta" ba za ta iya samun ma'anar yanke-da-bushe ba.

Ko da maanar ƙamus ba ta fayyace kalmar bayan janar. Misali, ga wanda ke cikin Merriam-Webster's:

"Yanayin dabba mai rai ko jikin tsirrai ko na ɗayan ɓangarorinta wanda ke lalata aiki na yau da kullun kuma yawanci ana bayyana shi ta hanyar alamun da ke nunawa."

Abin da likitoci suka sani akwai bambanci a yadda jama'a, kamfanonin inshora, da cibiyoyin kiwon lafiya daban-daban ke kallon yanayin da mutane da yawa ke ganin cuta a kan wanda ba haka ba.

A cikin 2013, Medicalungiyar Magunguna ta Amurka (AMA) Wakilan Wakilai sun jefa ƙuri'a a taronsu na shekara-shekara don ayyana kiba a matsayin cuta.Kyle T, et al. (2017). Dangane da kiba a matsayin cuta: Manufofin siyasa da tasirin su. DOI:
Hukuncin ya kasance mai ɗan sabani saboda ya sabawa shawarwarin Majalisar AmA akan Kimiyya da Kiwan Lafiyar Jama'a.Pollack A. (2013). AMA ta gane kiba a matsayin cuta. Jaridar New York Times. https://www.nytimes.com/2013/06/19/business/ama-recognizes-kibesity-as-a-disease.html

Majalisar ta yi bincike kan batun kuma ba ta ba da shawarar cewa wakilan sun ayyana kiba a matsayin cuta. Koyaya, wakilan sun ba da shawarwarinsu saboda babu tabbatattun kuma tabbatattun hanyoyin auna kiba.

Shawarar AMA ta haifar da abin da ke ci gaba da muhawara game da rikitarwa na kiba, gami da yadda za a magance shi sosai.

Dalilin kiba ana daukar cuta

Shekaru na bincike sun sa likitoci sun yanke shawarar cewa kiba wani yanayin lafiya ne wanda ya wuce tunanin "calories-in, calories-out".

Misali, likitoci sun gano wasu kwayoyin halitta na iya kara yawan yunwar mutum, wanda ke kai shi ga cin karin abinci.Kiba na manya yana haifar da sakamako. (2017).
Wannan na iya taimakawa ga kiba.

Hakanan, wasu cututtukan likita ko rikice-rikice na iya haifar da mutum don yin ƙiba. Misalan sun hada da:

• hypothyroidism
• Cutar Cushing
• polycystic ovary ciwo

Shan wasu magunguna don sauran yanayin kiwon lafiyar na iya haifar da karin nauyi. Misalan sun hada da wasu magungunan kashe rai.

Har ila yau, likitoci sun san cewa mutane biyu waɗanda suke tsayi ɗaya suna iya cin abinci iri ɗaya, kuma ɗayan na iya yin kiba yayin da ɗayan ba haka ba. Wannan shi ne saboda dalilai irin su ƙimar rayuwa ta mutum (yawancin adadin kuzari da jikinsu ke ƙonewa a hutawa) da sauran abubuwan kiwon lafiya.

AMA ba ita ce kawai ƙungiya da ke gane kiba a matsayin cuta ba. Sauran waɗanda suka haɗa da:

• Hukumar Lafiya Ta Duniya
• Tarayyar Kiba ta Duniya
• Medicalungiyar Likitocin Kanada
• Kiba Kanada

Dalilan kiba ba a daukar cuta

Ba duk masana ilimin likita bane suka yarda da AMA. Waɗannan kaɗan kenan daga cikin dalilan da wasu za su iya ƙi ra'ayin cewa kiba cuta ce, idan aka yi la’akari da hanyoyin da ake da su yanzu don auna kiba da alamunta:

Babu wata hanya bayyananniya don auna kiba. Saboda yawan adadin jikin bai shafi kowa ba, kamar su asan wasa masu juriya da masu ɗaukar nauyi, likitoci ba koyaushe za su iya amfani da BMI don ayyana kiba ba.

Kiba ba koyaushe ke nuna rashin lafiya ba. Kiba na iya zama haɗarin haɗari ga sauran yanayin kiwon lafiya, amma ba ta da garantin mutum zai sami matsalolin lafiya.

Wasu likitoci ba sa son kiran kiba cuta ce saboda kiba ba koyaushe ke haifar da mummunan sakamako ga lafiya ba.

Yawancin dalilai suna tasiri kiba, wasu daga cikinsu ba za a iya sarrafa su ba. Duk da yake zaɓin cin abinci da matakin motsa jiki na iya taka rawa, haka nan kwayoyin halittu.

Wasu masana likitanci sun nuna damuwa cewa kiran kiba cuta ne na iya “inganta al'adar rashin ɗaukan mutum.”Dutse K, et al. (2014). Shin Medicalungiyar Likitocin Amurka sun yanke hukuncin da ya dace na rarraba kiba a matsayin cuta? DOI:
Saboda likitoci galibi suna son marassa lafiyarsu su taka rawa sosai a cikin lafiyar su, wasu suna nuna rabewar kiba a matsayin cuta na iya shafar yadda mutane ke kula da lafiyar su ko tunanin zaɓin su da kuma damar su.

Bayyana kiba a matsayin cuta na iya ƙara nuna bambanci ga waɗanda ke da kiba. Wasu kungiyoyi, irin su Yarda da Fat a Kowane Girman motsi da kuma Kungiyar Karba Girman Kasa da Kasa, sun nuna damuwar su cewa ayyana kiba a matsayin cuta na baiwa wasu damar kara raba su da rarraba mutane a matsayin masu kiba.

Yanayin rikitarwa na kiba

Kiba lamari ne mai rikitarwa da motsin rai ga mutane da yawa. Masu bincike sun san cewa akwai dalilai da yawa game da wasa, da suka hada da kwayoyin halitta, salon rayuwa, halayyar dan adam, muhalli, da sauransu.

Wasu fannoni na kiba abune da za'a iya kiyayewa - mutum na iya yin canje-canje ta hanyar tsarin abincin su da motsa jiki don ginawa da kula da lafiyar zuciyarsu, huhun huhu, iyawa da saurin motsi, da ta'aziyya.

Koyaya, likitoci sun san cewa wasu mutane suna yin waɗannan canje-canje, amma har yanzu basu iya rasa nauyi mai yawa ba.

Saboda wadannan dalilan, muhawarar kan kiba a matsayin cuta na iya ci gaba har sai wasu hanyoyi na adadi da tabbataccen kitsen kiba sun bayyana.