Babban bugun jini

Wadatacce

• Fahimtar m bugun jini
• Alamomin bugun jini
• Dalilin bugun jini
• Ischemic bugun jini
• Maganin zubar jini
• Abubuwan haɗarin bugun jini
• Jima'i
• Race ko kabila
• Dalilai na rayuwa
• Magunguna da yanayin kiwon lafiya
• Shekaru
• Binciken asali
• Maganin gaggawa don babban bugun jini
• Ischemic bugun jini
• Maganin zubar jini
• Matsalolin da ke tattare da babban bugun jini
• Yin gwagwarmaya bayan bugun jini
• Tallafi ga masu kulawa
• Hangen nesa
• Tsayar da bugun jini

Mun haɗa da kayayyakin da muke tsammanin suna da amfani ga masu karatu. Idan ka siya ta hanyoyin yanar gizo a wannan shafin, zamu iya samun ƙaramin kwamiti. Ga tsarinmu.

Fahimtar m bugun jini

Bugun jini shine abin da ke faruwa yayin da aka katse jini zuwa wani ɓangare na kwakwalwa. Sakamakon shine rashin isashshen oxygen zuwa kayan kwakwalwa. Wannan na iya haifar da mummunan sakamako. Ikon murmurewa daga bugun jini ya dogara da tsananin bugun jini da kuma saurin saurin samun kulawar likita.

Babban bugun jini na iya zama na mutuwa, saboda yana shafar babban ɓangaren kwakwalwa. Amma ga mutane da yawa da ke fuskantar bugun jini, murmurewa ya daɗe, amma zai yiwu.

Alamomin bugun jini

Tsananin bayyanar cututtuka ya dogara da wurin bugun jini da girman bugun. Kwayar cutar bugun jini na iya haɗawa da:

• kwatsam, tsananin ciwon kai
• amai
• taurin wuya
• asarar hangen nesa ko hangen nesa
• jiri
• asarar ma'auni
• suma ko rauni a wani bangare na jiki ko fuska
• rikicewa kwatsam
• wahalar magana
• wahalar haɗiye

A cikin yanayi mai tsanani, taurin kai da coma na iya faruwa.

Dalilin bugun jini

Shanyewar jiki na faruwa yayin da aka katse jini zuwa kwakwalwarka. Suna iya zama ischemic ko zubar jini.

Ischemic bugun jini

Yawancin shanyewar jiki ischemic ne. Rashin bugun jini yana haifar da tabin jini wanda yake toshe jini zuwa wani yanki na kwakwalwa.

Ciwan jini na iya zama cututtukan ƙwaƙwalwar ƙwaƙwalwar ƙwaƙwalwa (CVT). Wannan yana nufin yana samuwa a wurin toshewar kwakwalwa. A madadin haka, toshewar jini na iya zama ƙwaƙwalwar ƙwaƙwalwa. Wannan yana nufin yana samuwa a wani wuri a cikin jiki kuma yana motsawa cikin kwakwalwa, yana haifar da bugun jini.

Maganin zubar jini

Rashin bugun jini yana faruwa yayin da jijiyoyin jini a cikin kwakwalwar suka fashe, wanda ke haifar da jini ya taru a cikin ƙwayar kwakwalwar da ke kewaye. Wannan yana haifar da matsin lamba a kan kwakwalwa. Zai iya barin wani ɓangare na kwakwalwarka ya rasa jini da oxygen. Kimanin kashi 13 cikin ɗari na shanyewar jiki suna zubar da jini, in ji theungiyar Stungiyar Baƙin Amurka.

Abubuwan haɗarin bugun jini

Dangane da Cibiyoyin Kula da Cututtuka da Cututtuka, sabon ko ci gaba na shanyewar jiki yana shafar kowace shekara. Abubuwan haɗarin haɗarin bugun jini sun haɗa da tarihin iyali na bugun jini, da:

Jima'i

A cikin yawancin kungiyoyin shekaru - ban da tsofaffi - shanyewar jiki sun fi zama ruwan dare ga maza fiye da mata. Koyaya, bugun jini ya fi mutuwa a cikin mata fiye da na maza. Wannan na iya kasancewa saboda shanyewar jiki ya fi yawa ga tsofaffi, kuma mata yawanci sun fi maza tsawon rai. Magungunan hana haihuwa da kuma daukar ciki na iya kara wa mace barazanar kamuwa da shanyewar barin jiki.

Race ko kabila

Mutanen da ke cikin suna da haɗarin bugun jini fiye da Caucasians. Koyaya, bambancin haɗari tsakanin mutane a cikin waɗannan rukunin yana raguwa da shekaru:

• 'Yan Asalin Amurkawa
• 'Yan Asalin Alaska
• Ba'amurke-Ba'amurke
• mutanen asalin Hispanic

Dalilai na rayuwa

Abubuwan salon rayuwa masu zuwa duk suna haɓaka haɗarin bugun jini:

• shan taba
• rage cin abinci
• rashin motsa jiki
• yawan amfani da giya
• amfani da miyagun ƙwayoyi

Magunguna da yanayin kiwon lafiya

Magungunan hana haihuwa na iya kara yawan hadarin kamuwa da cutar shanyewar jiki. Magunguna waɗanda ke rage siririn jini na iya ƙara haɗarin kamuwa da bugun jini. Wadannan sun hada da:

• warfarin (Coumadin)
• rivaroxaban foda (Xarelto)
• apixaban (Eliquis)

Wani lokaci ana sanya masu rage jini su rage hadarin kamuwa da cutar ischemic idan likitanka ya ji kana cikin babban hadari. Koyaya, wannan na iya ƙara haɗarin kamuwa da bugun jini.

Ciki da wasu yanayin kiwon lafiya na iya ƙara haɗarin shanyewar jiki. Waɗannan sharuɗɗan sun haɗa da:

• matsalolin zuciya da jijiyoyin jiki
• ciwon sukari
• tarihin bugun jini ko ƙaramin ƙarfi
• babban cholesterol
• hawan jini, musamman idan ba a shawo kansa ba
• kiba
• ciwo na rayuwa
• ƙaura
• cutar sikila
• yanayin da ke haifar da yanayi mai hauhawar jini (jini mai kauri)
• yanayin da ke haifar da zub da jini mai yawa, kamar ƙaramin platelet da hemophilia
• jiyya tare da magunguna da aka sani da thrombolytics (masu ba da gudummawar jini)
• tarihin ɓarkewar ƙwayoyin cuta ko rashin lafiyar jijiyoyin kwakwalwa
• cututtukan ƙwayar cuta na polycystic ovarian (PCOS), kamar yadda yake haɗuwa da ƙwayoyin cuta a cikin kwakwalwa
• kumburi a cikin kwakwalwa, musamman mawuyacin ciwace-ciwace

Shekaru

Manya sama da shekaru 65 suna cikin haɗarin bugun jini, musamman idan suka:

• da hawan jini
• da ciwon suga
• suna zaune
• sunyi kiba
• hayaki

Binciken asali

Idan likitanka ya yi tsammanin kana fama da bugun jini, za su yi gwaje-gwaje don taimaka musu su gano asali. Hakanan zasu iya amfani da wasu gwaji don ƙayyade nau'in bugun jini.

Da farko, likitanku zai yi gwajin jiki. Za su gwada faɗakarwar hankalinku, daidaituwa, da daidaito. Za su bincika:

• suma ko rauni a fuskarka, hannunka, da ƙafafunka
• alamun rikicewa
• wahalar magana
• wahalar gani kullum

Idan ka kamu da cutar shanyewar jiki, likitanka ma na iya yin gwaje-gwaje don tabbatar da irin cutar bugun jini da ka samu kuma ka tabbatar sun ba ka irin maganin da ya dace. Wasu gwaje-gwaje na yau da kullun sun haɗa da:

• MRI
• wani maganadisu na yanayin fuska (MRA)
• kwakwalwa CT scan
• compididdigar hoton angiogram (CTA)
• wani carotid duban dan tayi
• wani maganin angulu
• na'urar lantarki (EKG)
• echocardiogram
• gwajin jini

Maganin gaggawa don babban bugun jini

Idan kana fama da cutar shanyewar jiki, kana buƙatar kulawa ta gaggawa da wuri-wuri. Da zarar kun sami magani, mafi kyau ƙimar ku ita ce ta rayuwa da dawowa.

Ischemic bugun jini

Heartungiyar Zuciya ta Amurka (AHA) da Stungiyar Bugun Amurka (ASA) sun sabunta ka'idoji game da maganin bugun jini a cikin 2018.

Idan ka isa dakin gaggawa don jinyar awanni 4 1/2 bayan bayyanar cututtuka sun fara, kulawar gaggawa don bugun jini na iya haifar da narkar da daskararren. Ana amfani da magungunan ƙwayoyin cuta da ake kira thrombolytics don wannan dalili. Doctors galibi suna ba da aspirin a cikin saitunan gaggawa don hana ƙarin ƙarin daskararren jini daga samuwar kuma.

Kafin ku sami irin wannan magani, ƙungiyar likitocin ku dole ne ku tabbatar da cewa shanyewar ba ta zubar da jini ba. Masu rage jini zasu iya haifar da bugun jini. Wannan ma yana iya kaiwa ga mutuwa.

Arin jiyya na iya haɗawa da hanya don cire daskarewa daga jijiyar da abin ya shafa ta amfani da ƙananan catheters. Ana iya yin wannan aikin awanni 24 bayan fara bayyanar cututtuka. An san shi da cirewar ƙirar inji ko thrombectomy na inji.

Lokacin da bugun jini ya yi yawa kuma ya ƙunshi babban ɓangaren kwakwalwa, yin tiyata don sauƙaƙe matsi a cikin kwakwalwa na iya zama dole.

Maganin zubar jini

Idan kana fama da bugun jini, masu kula da gaggawa zasu iya ba ka magunguna don rage hawan jini da rage zubar jini. Idan kun kasance kuna amfani da magungunan jini, zasu iya ba ku kwayoyi don magance su. Wadannan magunguna suna kara zubar da jini.

Idan ka sami bugun jini, zaka iya buƙatar aikin tiyata na gaggawa dangane da tsananin zuban jini. Zasuyi haka ne don gyara fashewar jijiyar jini da kuma cire jini mai yawa wanda ka iya matsa lamba ga kwakwalwa.

Matsalolin da ke tattare da babban bugun jini

Matsaloli da raunin da ya haifar sun zama masu haɗari dangane da tsananin bugun jini. Matsaloli na iya haɗawa da masu zuwa:

• inna
• wahalar haɗiye ko magana
• matsalolin daidaitawa
• jiri
• ƙwaƙwalwar ajiya
• wahalar sarrafa motsin rai
• damuwa
• zafi
• canje-canje a cikin hali

Ayyukan gyarawa na iya taimakawa rage girman rikitarwa kuma yana iya haɗawa da aiki tare da:

• likita na jiki don dawo da motsi
• mai ba da ilimin aikin likita don koyon yadda ake yin ayyukan yau da kullun, kamar ayyukan da suka shafi tsabtar mutum, girki, da tsaftacewa
• masanin ilimin magana don inganta iya magana
• masanin halayyar dan adam don taimakawa wajen jimre da yanayin damuwa ko damuwa

Yin gwagwarmaya bayan bugun jini

Wasu mutanen da suke da cutar bugun jini suna murmurewa da sauri kuma zasu iya dawo da aikin jikinsu na yau da kullun bayan fewan kwanaki. Ga wasu mutane, murmurewa na iya ɗaukar watanni shida ko fiye.

Komai tsawon lokacin da zai dauke ka ka warke daga bugun jini, farfadowa aiki ne. Kasancewa da bege zai iya taimaka maka ka jimre. Kiyaye kowane ci gaban da kuka samu. Yin magana da mai ilimin hanyoyin kwantar da hankali na iya taimaka muku aiki ta hanyar murmurewar ku, suma.

Tallafi ga masu kulawa

Yayin aiwatar da aiki bayan bugun jini, mutum na iya buƙatar samun ci gaba mai gudana. Dogaro da tsananin bugun jini, wannan na iya kasancewa na aan makonni, watanni, ko ma shekaru.

Zai iya zama taimako ga masu kulawa don ilimantar da kansu game da shanyewar jiki da kuma hanyar gyarawa. Hakanan masu kulawa suna iya cin gajiyar shiga ƙungiyoyin tallafi inda zasu iya haɗuwa da wasu waɗanda ke taimaka wa ƙaunatattun su murmurewa bayan bugun jini.

Wasu kyawawan albarkatu don neman taimako sun haɗa da:

• Stungiyar 'Yan Sanda ta Kasa
• Stungiyar Stungiyar Buga ta Amurka
• Cibiyar bugun jini

Hangen nesa

Hangen naku ya dogara da tsananin bugun jini da kuma saurin saurin samun kulawarsa. Saboda yawan shanyewar jiki yana shafar ɗumbin ƙwayoyin kwakwalwa, hangen nesa gaba ɗaya ba shi da kyau.

Gabaɗaya, hangen nesa ya fi kyau ga mutanen da ke fama da bugun jini. Saboda matsin lambar da suka sanya a kwakwalwa, shanyewar jini yana haifar da ƙarin rikitarwa.

Tsayar da bugun jini

Bi waɗannan hanyoyin don hana bugun jini:

• Dakatar da shan sigari kuma ka guji shan sigari.
• Ku ci abinci mai kyau.
• Motsa jiki na aƙalla mintuna 30 a rana a mafi yawan lokuta ko duk ranakun mako.
• Kula da lafiya mai nauyi.
• Takaita yawan shan giya.
• Idan kana da ciwon sukari, bi umarnin likitanka don kiyaye matakan glucose na jini mai kyau.
• Bi umarnin likitanku don kiyaye matakan hawan jini lafiya.

Likitanku na iya ba da shawara ko sanya wasu magunguna don taimakawa rage haɗarin bugun jini. Waɗannan na iya haɗawa da:

• maganin antiplatelet, kamar su clopidogrel (Plavix) don taimakawa hana daskarewar jini daga samuwar jijiyoyin ku ko zuciyar ku
• maganin kashe jini, kamar warfarin (Coumadin)
• asfirin

Idan baku taɓa samun bugun jini ba a baya, ya kamata ku yi amfani da aspirin kawai don rigakafin idan kuna da ƙananan haɗarin zub da jini da haɗarin haɗarin cututtukan zuciya na atherosclerotic (misali, bugun jini da bugun zuciya).

Siyayya don aspirin akan layi.